キャピタリズム【capitalism】
資本主義
(キャピタリズム から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/03/01 03:11 UTC 版)
資本主義(しほんしゅぎ、英: capitalism)または資本制は、国政によってよりも営利目的の個人的所有者たちによって貿易と産業が制御(コントロール)されている、経済的・政治的システム[1][注釈 1]。特に近現代の資本主義の根幹は、自由資本主義・リベラルキャピタリズム(liberal capitalism)と呼ばれており[2]、資本主義を肯定・擁護・推進する思想や主張は、普通は自由主義とされる[3][注釈 2]。資本主義に基づく社会は「資本主義社会」「市民社会」「近代社会」「ブルジョア社会」等という[4][5]。
注釈
出典
- ^ a b Oxford University Press 2019, p. capitalism.
- ^ 塚本 2018, p. 13.
- ^ a b c 岸本 & 植村 2019, p. 資本主義.
- ^ 小学館 2019, p. 近代社会.
- ^ 松村 2019b, p. 市民社会.
- ^ a b c 松村 2019a, p. 資本主義.
- ^ 田口 2019, p. ブルジョア革命.
- ^ ブリタニカ・ジャパン 2019, p. 資本主義.
- ^ a b ブリタニカ・ジャパン 2022, p. 経済ナショナリズム.
- ^ a b 田中 2019, p. ナショナリズム.
- ^ a b c 旺文社世界史事典 三訂版「ファシズム」
- ^ ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典「反共主義」
- ^ Braudel p. 232
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "cattle". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ James Augustus Henry Murray. "Capital". A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford English Press. Vol. 2. p. 93.
- ^ Braudel p. 234
- ^ Braudel, Fernand. The Wheels of Commerce: Civilization and Capitalism 15th-18th Century, Harper and Row, 1979, p. 237.
- ^ a b 資本主義 - 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)
- ^ Dictionary.com 2019, p. capitalism.
- ^ Werhane, P. H. (1994). “Adam Smith and His Legacy for Modern Capitalism”. The Review of Metaphysics (Philosophy Education Society) 47 (3).
- ^ Barrons Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms, 1995; p. 74.
- ^ "Karl Marx Themes, Arguments and Ideas", SparkNotes Philosopyhy Study Guides, Karl Marx
- ^ “About Cato”. Cato Institute • www.cato.org. 2008年11月6日閲覧。
- ^ Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown, Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart (October 1988). Comparing Economic Systems: A Political-Economic Approach. Harcourt College Pub. pp. 6-7. ISBN 978-0-15-512403-5 . "Pure capitalism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production (physical capital) are privately owned and run by the capitalist class for a profit, while most other people are workers who work for a salary or wage (and who do not own the capital or the product)."
- ^ Rosser, Mariana V.; Rosser, J Barkley (23 July 2003). Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. MIT Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-262-18234-8. "In capitalist economies, land and produced means of production (the capital stock) are owned by private individuals or groups of private individuals organized as firms."
- ^ Chris Jenks. Core Sociological Dichotomies. "Capitalism, as a mode of production, is an economic system of manufacture and exchange which is geared toward the production and sale of commodities within a market for profit, where the manufacture of commodities consists of the use of the formally free labor of workers in exchange for a wage to create commodities in which the manufacturer extracts surplus value from the labor of the workers in terms of the difference between the wages paid to the worker and the value of the commodity produced by him/her to generate that profit." London; Thousand Oaks, CA; New Delhi. Sage. p. 383.
- ^ Gilpin, Robert (5 June 2018). The Challenge of Global Capitalism : The World Economy in the 21st Century. ISBN 9780691186474. OCLC 1076397003
- ^ Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism". Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198
- ^ Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). American Capitalism: A Reader. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8431-1.
- ^ Gregory and Stuart, Paul and Robert (28 February 2013). The Global Economy and its Economic Systems. South-Western College Pub. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-285-05535-0. "Capitalism is characterized by private ownership of the factors of production. Decision making is decentralized and rests with the owners of the factors of production. Their decision making is coordinated by the market, which provides the necessary information. Material incentives are used to motivate participants."
- ^ Steven Klein., "The power of money: Critical theory, capitalism, and the politics of debt." Volume 27, Issue 1, March 2020, Pages 19-35, doi:10.1111/1467-8675.12448.
- ^ Koddenbrock, Kai (2017), "What money does: An inquiry into the backbone of capitalist political economy." MPIfG Discussion Paper 17/9.
- ^ Gregory and Stuart, Paul and Robert (28 February 2013). The Global Economy and its Economic Systems. South-Western College Pub. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-285-05535-0. "Real-world capitalist systems are mixed, some having higher shares of public ownership than others. The mix changes when privatization or nationalization occurs. Privatization is when property that had been state-owned is transferred to private owners. Nationalization occurs when privately owned property becomes publicly owned."
- ^ Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics, 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.
- ^ Stilwell, Frank. "Political Economy: the Contest of Economic Ideas". First Edition. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Australia. 2002.
- ^ Sy, Wilson N. (2016-09-18) (英語). Capitalism and Economic Growth Across the World. Rochester, NY. SSRN 2840425.
- ^ “Althusser and the Renewal of Marxist Social Theory”. 2020年11月26日閲覧。
- ^ Marx. “Economic Manuscripts: Capital Vol. I – Chapter Thirty Two”. 2020年11月26日閲覧。
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- ^ a b Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics, 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.
- ^ Foundation (2014年8月20日). “[ARCHIVED CONTENT UK Government Web Archive – The National Archives]”. 2020年11月26日閲覧。
- ^ James Fulcher, Capitalism A Very Short Introduction, "the investment of money in order to make a profit, the essential feature of capitalism", p. 14, Oxford, 2004, ISBN 978-0-19-280218-7.
- ^ Reisman, George (1998). Capitalism: A complete understanding of the nature and value of human economic life. Jameson Books. ISBN 0-915463-73-3
- ^ Hunt, E.K.; Lautzenheiser, Mark (2014). History of Economic Thought: A Critical Perspective. PHI Learning. ISBN 978-0765625991
- ^ Reisman, George (1998). Capitalism: A complete understanding of the nature and value of human economic life. Jameson Books. ISBN 978-0-915463-73-2
- ^ James Fulcher, Capitalism A Very Short Introduction, "...in the wake of the 1970 crisis, the neoliberal model of capitalism became intellectually and ideologically dominant", p. 58, Oxford, 2004, ISBN 978-0-19-280218-7.
- ^ Staff, Investopedia (2003年11月24日). “Monopoly” (英語). Investopedia 2017年3月2日閲覧。
- ^ Hazlitt, Henry. "The Function of Profits". Economics in One Lesson. Ludwig Von Mises Institute. Web. 22 April 2013.
- ^ Hernando de Soto. “The mystery of capital”. 2008年2月26日閲覧。
- ^ Karl Marx. “Capital, v. 1. Part VIII: primitive accumulation”. 2008年2月26日閲覧。
- ^ N.F.R. Crafts (April 1978). “Enclosure and labor supply revisited”. Explorations in Economic History 15 (2): 172–83. doi:10.1016/0014-4983(78)90019-0.
- ^ “Definition of COMPETITION”. 2020年11月26日閲覧。
- ^ Mark Blaug, 2008. "Invisible hand", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, v. 4, p. 565. Abstract.
- ^ a b Heyne, Paul; Boettke, Peter J.; Prychitko, David L. (2014). The Economic Way of Thinking (13th ed.). Pearson. pp. 102–06. ISBN 978-0-13-299129-2
- ^ Angus Maddison (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. Paris: OECD. ISBN 978-92-64-18998-0
- ^ Robert E. Lucas Jr.. “The Industrial Revolution: Past and Future”. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis 2003 Annual Report. 2007年11月27日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年2月26日閲覧。
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- ^ a b Martin Wolf, Why Globalization works, pp. 43–45
- ^ Encyclopedia of Marxism at marxism.org. “Capitalism.”. marxists.org. 2011年7月8日閲覧。
- ^ Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics, 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.
- ^ Marx. “Economic Manuscripts: Capital Vol. I – Chapter Thirty Two”. 2020年11月26日閲覧。
- ^ “The contradictions of capitalism – Democratic Socialist Perspective”. dsp.org.au. 2015年4月6日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年11月26日閲覧。
- ^ 松村 2019c, p. 「資本主義」.
- ^ a b c d ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 46.
- ^ ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, pp. 46–47.
- ^ a b c d e f g h ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 47.
- ^ a b c d ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 177.
- ^ ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, pp. 177–178.
- ^ a b ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 178.
- ^ a b ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 94.
- ^ ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, pp. 94–95.
- ^ ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 95.
- ^ ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, pp. 95–96.
- ^ a b ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 98.
- ^ a b c ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 119.
- ^ a b c d ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 120.
- ^ ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, pp. 100–101.
- ^ a b ブルマ & マルガリート 2006, p. 101.
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- ^ Koehler, Benedikt (2014). Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism. Lexington Books. pp. 2. "In Baghdad, by the early tenth century a fully-fledged banking sector had come into being..."
- ^ Brenner, Robert (1 January 1982). “The Agrarian Roots of European Capitalism”. Past & Present 97 (97): 16–113. doi:10.1093/past/97.1.16. JSTOR 650630.
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- ^ 旺文社日本史事典 三訂版「資本主義」(コトバンク)
- ^ 百科事典マイペディア「日本資本主義論争」(コトバンク)
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- ^ The crisis of neoliberalism. The Real News. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- "When we speak of neoliberalism, we speak of contemporary capitalism." – Gérard Duménil, former Research Director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- ^ Jones, Campbell, Martin Parker and Rene Ten Bos, For Business Ethics. (Routledge, 2005) ISBN 0-415-31135-7, p. 101.
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- ^ Lavoie, Marc (Winter 2012-2013). “Financialization, neo-liberalism, and securitization”. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 35 (2): 215-33. doi:10.2753/pke0160-3477350203. JSTOR 23469991.
- ^ Susan Braedley and Meg Luxton, Neoliberalism and Everyday Life (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010), ISBN 0-7735-3692-2, p. 3
- ^ Manfred B. Steger and Ravi K. Roy. Neoliberalism: A Very Short Introduction. (Oxford University Press, 2010.) ISBN 0-19-956051-X. p. 123.
- ^ Gérard Duménil and Dominique Lévy, The Crisis of Neoliberalism. (Harvard University Press, 2013), ISBN 0-674-07224-3
- ^ David M Kotz, The Rise and Fall of Neoliberal Capitalism (Harvard University Press, 2015), ISBN 0-674-72565-4
- ^ Baba Metzia 61b
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