メディアバイアスとは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

ウィキペディア

索引トップ用語の索引ランキングカテゴリー

メディア・バイアス

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/03 03:51 UTC 版)

旧東ドイツ
 アルジェリア
 韓国
 中国
 日本

出典

^ Sucháček, Jan; Sed'a, Petr; Friedrich, Václav; Wachowiak-Smolíková, Renata; Wachowiak, Mark P. (2016-11-08). “From Regional to National Clouds: TV Coverage in the Czech Republic”. PLOS ONE 11 (11): e0165527. Bibcode: 2016PLoSO..1165527S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165527. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5100950. PMID 27824947.
^ Mackey, Thomas P.; Jacobson, Trudi E. (2019). Metilerate Learning for the Post-Truth World. ALA Neal-Schulman. ISBN 978-0-8389-1776-3
^ Newton, K. (1989). “Media bias”. Liberal Neutrality. London: Routledge. pp. 130–55
^ “10 Most Censored Countries”. Committee to Protect Journalists (2006年5月2日). 2024年4月3日閲覧。
^ Merloe, Patrick (2015). “Election Monitoring Vs. Disinformation” (英語). Journal of Democracy 26 (3): 79–93. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0053. ISSN 1086-3214.
^ Entman, Robert M. (2007-03-01). “Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power”. Journal of Communication 57 (1): 163–173. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x. ISSN 0021-9916.
^ ^a ^b Lichter, S. Robert (2018). “Theories of Media Bias”. In Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 403. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.44. ISBN 9780199984350. OCLC 959803808. "In academic circles, media bias is referenced more often as a hypothesis to explain patterns of news coverage than as a component of any fully elaborated theory of political communication."
^ Eberl, Jakob-Moritz; Wagner, Markus; Boomgaarden, Hajo G. (2018). “Party Advertising in Newspapers”. Journalism Studies 19 (6): 782–802. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2016.1234356.
^ ^a ^b Gardner, Martin (1997-07-15). The Night Is Large. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-16949-7
^ ^a ^b ^c Entman, Robert M. (2007). “Framing Bias: Media in the Distribution of Power” (英語). Journal of Communication 57 (1): 163–173. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00336.x.
^ ^a ^b ^c Eberl, J.-M.; Boomgaarden, H. G.; Wagner, M. (2015-11-19). “One Bias Fits All? Three Types of Media Bias and Their Effects on Party Preferences” (英語). Communication Research 44 (8): 1125–1148. doi:10.1177/0093650215614364.
^ ^a ^b ^c D'Alessio, D; Allen, M (2000-12-01). “Media bias in presidential elections: a meta-analysis” (英語). Journal of Communication 50 (4): 133–156. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02866.x. ISSN 1460-2466.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Raymond, Collin; Taylor, Sarah (2021-04-01). “"Tell all the truth, but tell it slant": Documenting media bias” (英語). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 184: 670–691. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2020.09.021. ISSN 0167-2681.
^ “Media Bias Monitor: Quantifying Biases of Social Media News Outlets at Large-Scale”. Proceedings of the Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2018).
^ van der Pas, Daphne J. (10 November 2022). “Do European media ignore female politicians? A comparative analysis of MP visibility”. West European Politics 45 (7): 1481–1492. doi:10.1080/01402382.2021.1988387. hdl:11245.1/f63f3114-d170-40c3-aeae-c6e14259999c.
^ Shor, Eran; van de Rijt, Arnout; Fotouhi, Babak (2019). “A Large-Scale Test of Gender Bias in the Media”. Sociological Science 6: 526–550. doi:10.15195/v6.a20 2023年6月7日閲覧。.
^ Iyengar, Shanto (1994). Is anyone responsible? how television frames political issues. American Politics and Political Economy Series. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-38855-7
^ Hofstetter, C. Richard; Buss, Terry F. (1978-09-01). “Bias in television news coverage of political events: A methodological analysis”. Journal of Broadcasting 22 (4): 517–530. doi:10.1080/08838157809363907. ISSN 0021-938X.
^ ^a ^b ^c Groeling, Tim (2013-05-10). “Media Bias by the Numbers: Challenges and Opportunities in the Empirical Study of Partisan News” (英語). Annual Review of Political Science 16 (1): 129–151. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-040811-115123.
^ Brandenburg, Heinz (2006-07-01). “Party Strategy and Media Bias: A Quantitative Analysis of the 2005 UK Election Campaign”. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 16 (2): 157–178. doi:10.1080/13689880600716027. ISSN 1745-7289.
^ Lichter, S. Robert (2014-09-02). Kenski, Kate. ed (英語). Theories of Media Bias. 1. Oxford University Press. pp. 403, 410–412. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.44. ISBN 978-0-19-979347-1
^ Haselmayer, Martin; Wagner, Markus; Meyer, Thomas M. (6 February 2017). “Partisan Bias in Message Selection: Media Gatekeeping of Party Press Releases”. Political Communication 34 (3): 367–384. doi:10.1080/10584609.2016.1265619. PMC 5679709. PMID 29170614.
^ Haselmayer, Martin; Meyer, Thomas M.; Wagner, Markus (2019). “Fighting for attention: Media coverage of negative campaign messages”. Party Politics 25 (3): 412–423. doi:10.1177/1354068817724174.
^ van Dalen, A. (2011-06-10). “Structural Bias in Cross-National Perspective: How Political Systems and Journalism Cultures Influence Government Dominance in the News” (英語). The International Journal of Press/Politics 17 (1): 32–55. doi:10.1177/1940161211411087.
^ Spinde, Timo; Hinterreiter, Smilla; Haak, Fabian; Ruas, Terry; Giese, Helge; Meuschke, Norman; Gipp, Bela (2023-01-01). “The Media Bias Taxonomy: A Systematic Literature Review on the Forms and Automated Detection of Media Bias”. arXiv preprint. arXiv:2312.16148.
^ Milton, John (2004). Areopagitica And Other Prose Works. Kessinger. ISBN 978-1-4179-1211-7
^ Jacquette, Dale (2007). Journalistic Ethics: Moral Responsibility in the Media. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-182539-0
^ Virginia. General Assembly. House Of Delegates; James Madison; J. W Randolph (1850), The Virginia report of 1799 to 1800, touching the Alien and sedition laws; together with the Virginia resolutions of , the debate and proceedings thereon in the House of delegates of Virginia, and several other documents illustrative of the report and resolutions, Richmond: J. W. Randolph, https://www.loc.gov/item/16007972/
^ Ewers, Justin (2009年2月10日). “Revoking Civil Liberties: Lincoln's Constitutional Dilemma”. US News & World Report. 2024年4月3日閲覧。 “ニーリーは、リンカーンは何が起こったのかを理解していただろうと考えている。州の共和党は、新たに得た戦争権限を使って、反対派とみなした新聞を閉鎖し、関係者を逮捕しただけでなく、奴隷制を支持し、南部連合に同情的だった多くの民主党員を脅し、選挙権を剥奪したのだ。”
^ Pizzitola, Louis (2002). Hearst Over Hollywood. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11646-2
^ Richardson, Heather Cox (2001). The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Civil War North. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00637-9
^ Estes, Steve (2005). I Am a Man!: Race, Manhood, and the Civil Rights Movement. Chapel Hill: Univ of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-2929-5
^ Nichols, Nichelle (1995). Beyond Uhura: Star Trek and Other Memories. Berkley. ISBN 978-1-57297-011-3
^ William Safire Oral History Interview. C-SPAN.org. 27 March 2008. Discusses quote around 1:24:00.
^ Bailey, Ronald (2002). Global Warming and Other Eco-myths: How the Environmental Movement Uses False Science to Scare Us to Death. New York, NY: Prima Lifestyles. ISBN 978-0-7615-3660-4
^ Lichter, S. Robert (2018). “Theories of Media Bias”. In Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 405. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.44. ISBN 9780199984350. OCLC 959803808
^ Cline, Andrew (2009). “53: Bias”. In Eadie, William F.. 21st century communication: a reference handbook. 21st century reference series. Los Angeles: Sage. ISBN 978-1-4129-5030-5. OCLC 251216055
^ Prat, Andrea; Strömberg, David (2013). “The Political Economy of Mass Media”. Advances in Economics and Econometrics. pp. 135–187. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139060028.004. ISBN 9781139060028
^ ^a ^b Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M.; Stone, Daniel F. (2015-01-01). “Chapter 14 – Media Bias in the Marketplace: Theory”. In Anderson, Simon P.. Handbook of Media Economics. 1. North-Holland. pp. 623–645. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63685-0.00014-0. ISBN 978-0-444-63691-1 2022年3月30日閲覧。
^ Baron, David P. (2004). “Persistent Media Bias”. SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.516006. SSRN 516006. オリジナルの2017-10-19時点におけるアーカイブ。. Later published as: Baron, David P. (2006). “Persistent Media Bias”. Journal of Public Economics 90 (1–2): 1–36. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.10.006.
^ Mullen, Andrew; Klaehn, Jeffery (2010). “The Herman-Chomsky Propaganda Model: A Critical Approach to Analysing Mass Media Behaviour”. Sociology Compass 4 (4): 215–229. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00275.x. オリジナルの2012-06-17時点におけるアーカイブ。.
^ Dong, H.; Ren, J.; Nickerson, J. V. (January 2018). “Be Careful What You Read: Evidence of demand-driven media bias” (英語). Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems.
^ Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shleifer, Andrei (2005). “The Market for News”. American Economic Review 95 (4): 1031–1053. doi:10.1257/0002828054825619. JSTOR 4132704.
^ Gentzkow, Matthew; Shapiro, Jesse M. (2006). “Media Bias and Reputation”. Journal of Political Economy 114 (2): 280–316. doi:10.1086/499414.
^ Strömberg, David (November 1999). The Politics of Public Spending (PDF) (PhD). Princeton University. OCLC 42036086. 2010年4月15日時点のオリジナル (PDF)よりアーカイブ。2021年1月19日閲覧。
^ West, Darrell M. (2017年12月18日). “How to combat fake news and disinformation”. Brookings
^ Gundersen, Torbjørn; Alinejad, Donya; Branch, T.Y.; Duffy, Bobby; Hewlett, Kirstie; Holst, Cathrine; Owens, Susan; Panizza, Folco et al. (17 October 2022). “A New Dark Age? Truth, Trust, and Environmental Science” (英語). Annual Review of Environment and Resources 47 (1): 5–29. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-120920-015909. hdl:10852/99734. ISSN 1543-5938 2023年6月7日閲覧。.
^ Brogly, Chris; Rubin, Victoria L. (2018). “Detecting Clickbait: Here's How to Do It / Comment détecter les pièges à clic”. Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 42 (3): 154–175. ISSN 1920-7239. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/743050.
^ Brashier, Nadia M.; Marsh, Elizabeth J. (4 January 2020). “Judging Truth” (英語). Annual Review of Psychology 71 (1): 499–515. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050807. ISSN 0066-4308. PMID 31514579.
^ Gearhart, Sherice; Moe, Alexander; Zhang, Bingbing (2020-03-05). “Hostile media bias on social media: Testing the effect of user comments on perceptions of news bias and credibility”. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2 (2): 140–148. doi:10.1002/hbe2.185. ISSN 2578-1863.
^ Auxier, Brooke (2020年10月15日). “64% of Americans say social media have a mostly negative effect on the way things are going in the U.S. today”. Pew Research Center. 2021年1月19日閲覧。
^ Peck, Andrew (2020). “A Problem of Amplification: Folklore and Fake News in the Age of Social Media”. The Journal of American Folklore 133 (529): 329–351. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.133.529.0329. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 10.5406/jamerfolk.133.529.0329.
^ Suciu, Peter (2019年10月11日). “More Americans Are Getting Their News From Social Media”. Forbes 2021年1月19日閲覧。
^ “Online Echo Chambers are Deepening America's Ideological Divide” (英語). MediaFile (2020年9月23日). 2020年12月7日閲覧。
^ “Digital Media Literacy: What is an Echo Chamber?” (英語). GCFGlobal.org. 2020年12月7日閲覧。
^ Lin, Yu-Ru; Chung, Wen-Ting (2020-08-03). “The dynamics of Twitter users' gun narratives across major mass shooting events”. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7 (1). doi:10.1057/s41599-020-00533-8. ISSN 2662-9992.
^ Barbara Fister, Anti-Social Media: A Review, InsideHigherEd (June 6, 2018).
^ Rose Deller, Book Review: Anti-Social Media: How Facebook Disconnects Us and Undermines Democracy by Siva Vaidhyanathan, LSE Review of Books (October 4, 2018).
^ Paul M. Barrett & Grant Simms, False Accusation: The Unfounded Claim that Social Media Companies Censor Conservatives, スターン・ビジネスと人権センター（英語版）、ニューヨーク大学 (February 2021).
^ Alison Durkee, Are Social Media Companies Biased Against Conservatives? There's No Solid Evidence, Report Concludes, Forbes (February 1, 2021).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Chen, Wen; Pacheco, Diogo; Yang, Kai-Cheng; Menczer, Filippo (2021-09-22). “Neutral bots probe political bias on social media” (英語). Nature Communications 12 (1): 5580. arXiv:2005.08141. Bibcode: 2021NatCo..12.5580C. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25738-6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 8458339. PMID 34552073.
^ Huszár, Ferenc; Ktena, Sofia Ira; O'Brien, Conor; Belli, Luca; Schlaikjer, Andrew; Hardt, Moritz (2022). “Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (1). arXiv:2110.11010. Bibcode: 2022PNAS..11925334H. doi:10.1073/pnas.2025334119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8740571. PMID 34934011.
^ Kulshrestha, Juhi; Eslami, Motahhare; Messias, Johnnatan; Zafar, Muhammad Bilal; Ghosh, Saptarshi; Gummadi, Krishna P.; Karahalios, Karrie (2019). “Search bias quantifcation: investigating political bias in social media and web search”. Information Retrieval Journal (2019) 22:188–227 22 (1–2): 188–227. doi:10.1007/s10791-018-9341-2.
^ Pampalone, Tanya (2019年9月27日). “Watch Your Language: How English is Skewing the Global News Narrative” (英語). Global Investigative Journalism Network. 2024年2月22日閲覧。
^ Burke, Cindy; Mazzarella, Sharon R (2008). “A Slightly New Shade of Lipstick": Gendered Mediation in Internet News Stories”. Women's Studies in Communication（英語版） 31 (3): 395. doi:10.1080/07491409.2008.10162548.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hughes, Sarah (2017). "American Monsters: Tabloid Media and the Satanic Panic, 1970–2000." Journal of American Studies, 51(3), 691–719. doi:10.1017/S0021875816001298.
^ Jacques Berlinerblau (2012年7月28日). “Secularism Is Not Atheism”. Huffington Post 2013年2月4日閲覧。
^ Wright, Stuart A. (Dec 1997). “Media Coverage of Unconventional Religion: Any "Good News" for Minority Faiths?”. Review of Religious Research 39 (2): 101–115. doi:10.2307/3512176. JSTOR 3512176.
^ Lichter, S. Robert (2018). “Theories of Media Bias”. In Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 412. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.44. ISBN 9780199984350. OCLC 959803808. "...多くの一般的なメディア批評は、ジャーナリストの個人的な態度が報道の自由主義的な傾向を生み出していると主張してきた。しかし、ほとんどの学術的研究はこの結論を支持しておらず、リベラル・メディア・バイアスに対する国民の認識の高まりは、視聴者のバイアスと保守派エリートの戦略的努力に関連付けられている。しかし、最近の研究は、ジャーナリストの思考ではなく経済的インセンティブに偏向報道の原因を帰しながら、この議論を再燃させている。"
^ Lichter, S. Robert (2018). “Theories of Media Bias”. In Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. Oxford Handbooks Online. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 405. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.44. ISBN 9780199984350. OCLC 959803808. "このようなバイアスを批判する文献の多くは、既存の権力構造を支持し、市民参加や民主的な結果を妨げ、公共の問題について合理的な判断を下すために必要な情報を視聴者に提供できていないと批判している。テレビはこのような批判の主な標的となっているが、他のメディアにも頻繁に及んでいる。"
^ DellaVigna, Stefano; Kaplan, Ethan (2008-06-06). “The Political Impact of Media Bias”. In Islam, Roumeen (英語). Information and Public Choice: From Media Markets to Policymaking. World Bank Publications. ISBN 978-0-8213-7516-7
^ Gerber, Alan S.; Karlan, Dean; Bergan, Daniel (2009). “Does the Media Matter? A Field Experiment Measuring the Effect of Newspapers on Voting Behavior and Political Opinions”. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1 (2): 35–52. doi:10.1257/app.1.2.35. JSTOR 25760159.
^ “Americans' Trust In Media Remains Near Record Low” (英語). Gallup Inc.. (2022年10月18日)
^ Bauder, David (2023年2月15日). “Trust in media is so low that half of Americans now believe that news organizations deliberately mislead them” (英語). Fortune 2023年6月7日閲覧。
^ Jonathan M. Ladd, Why Americans Hate the Media and How It Matters, "This leads us to the two most likely sources of the public's increasing antipathy toward the media: tabloid coverage and elite opinion leadership.", p. 126, "... Democratic elite criticism and Republican elite criticism (of the media) can reduce media confidence across a broad spectrum of the public.", p. 127, "... the evidence also indicates that little of the decline (in media trust) can be explained by direct reaction to news bias." p. 125, Princeton University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-691-14786-4.
^ Shepard, Alicia C. (2011年4月12日). “What to Think about Think Tanks? : NPR Ombudsman”. NPR 2018年9月18日閲覧。
^ ^a ^b ^c Miller, Carl (2020年9月27日). “How Taiwan's 'civic hackers' helped find a new way to run the country” (英語). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 2024年2月27日閲覧。
^ Miller, Carl (26 November 2019). "Taiwan is making democracy work again. It's time we paid attention". Wired UK (イギリス英語). ISSN 1357-0978. 2024年2月27日閲覧。
^ Färber, Michael; Burkard, Victoria; Jatowt, Adam; Lim, Sora (10 October 2020). A multidimensional dataset based on crowdsourcing for analyzing and detecting news bias. The 29th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management. Virtual Event, Ireland. pp. 3007–3014. doi:10.1145/3340531.3412876。
^ ^a ^b Hamborg, Felix; Heinser, Kim; Zhukova, Anastasia; Donnay, Karsten; Gipp, Bela (2021). "Newsalyze: Effective Communication of Person-Targeting Biases in News Articles" (PDF). 2021 ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL). IEEE. pp. 130–139. arXiv:2110.09158. doi:10.1109/JCDL52503.2021.00025. ISBN 978-1-6654-1770-9。
^ Hamborg, Felix; Donnay, Karsten; Gipp, Bela (2019). “Automated identification of media bias in news articles: An interdisciplinary literature review”. International Journal on Digital Libraries 20 (4): 391–415. doi:10.1007/s00799-018-0261-y.
^ Hamborg, Felix; Meuschke, Norman; Gipp, Bela (2018). “Bias-aware news analysis using matrix-based news aggregation”. International Journal on Digital Libraries 21 (2): 129–147. doi:10.1007/s00799-018-0239-9.
^ “Broadcasting Act, 1991”. crtc.gc.ca. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. 2006年4月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年4月3日閲覧。

[続きの解説]

「メディア・バイアス」の続きの解説一覧

偏向報道

(メディアバイアスから転送)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/08/21 17:49 UTC 版)

偏向報道（へんこうほうどう）とは、ある特定の事象について複数の意見が対立する状況下で、特定の立場からの主張を否定もしくは肯定する意図をもって、直接的・間接的な情報操作を行うといった報道のことである。この言葉はその出来事の利害関係者が使うことが多いと主張する者もいるが、利害関係がなくとも意見が対立する場合、偏向報道であるか否かの判断が分かれることにも留意が必要である。

[続きの解説]

「偏向報道」の続きの解説一覧