ポライモス
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/06/12 04:51 UTC 版)
ポライモス（Porajmos、Porrajmos、Pharrajimosとも）とは、第二次世界大戦中にナチス・ドイツやクロアチア独立国、ハンガリー王国など枢軸国が実行したロマ絶滅政策を指す。ロマ語の複数の方言で「絶滅」ないしは「破壊」の意。
- ^ Janos Barsony, “Facts and Debates: The Roma Holocaust,” in Pharrajimos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust, ed. Janos Barsony and Agnes Daroczi (New York: International Debate Education Association, 2008), 1.
- ^ Hancock, Ian (2005), “True Romanies and the Holocaust: A Re-evaluation and an overview”, The Historiography of the Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 383–396, ISBN 1-4039-9927-9
- ^ Hancock, Ian (2000). “Downplaying the Porrajmos: The Trend to Minimize the Romani Holocaust”. Patrin (Sept 23). オリジナルの2009年10月26日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2011年7月15日閲覧。.
- ^ http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NAZIS.TAB1.1.GIF, Statistics of Democide, RJ Rummel, LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 1998
- ^ Line 1881, http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB14.1D.GIF, Statistics of Democide, RJ Rummel, LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 1998
- ^ Table 9.1, Statistics of Democide, RJ Rummel, LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 1998の195 - 201行目にある表を参照
- ^ http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/de/rom-de.html#r5
- ^ Gilbert, Martin (2002). The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust. Routledge, London & New York. ISBN 0-415-28145-8 (ref Map 182 p 141 with deaths by country & Map 301 p 232)
- ^ Sinti and Roma, ed. by Holocaust museum
- ^ a b Matras, Yaron. 2004. A conflict of paradigms: review article. In: Romani Studies 5. Vol. 14, No. 2. P.195 Archived 2011年5月8日, at WebCite
- ^ a b c On the interpretation of a word: Porrajmos as Holocaust – Ian Hancock
- ^ https://docs.google.com/Doc?id=ddr3tfjd_0cpggdpfw
- ^ http://dosta.org/?q=node/37
- ^ http://romanykultury.info/discussion/discussion.php?row=3
- ^ Norbert Boretzky and Birgit Igla. Kommentierter Dialektatlas des Romani. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2004. Teil 1: Vergleich der Dialekte.
- ^ http://romani.uni-graz.at/romlex/lex.xmlを参照
- ^ a b Herbert Heuss, “German policies of Gypsy persecution (1870-1945),” in From “Race Science” to the Camps: The Gypsies during the Second World War, by Karola Fings, Herbert Heuss and Frank Sparing (Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press, 1997), 19.
- ^ Janos Barsony, “Facts and Debates: The Roma Holocaust,” in Pharrajimos: The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust, ed. Janos Barsony and Agnes Daroczi (New York: International Debate Education Association, 2008), 7.
- ^ a b c 関口義人『図説ジプシー』河出書房新社、2012年5月、p.38
- ^ Report on the Bavarian Landtag 1925/6, III Tagung; Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt fur den Freistaat Bayern, Nr. 17, 22.7.1926. as cited in Herbert Heuss, “German policies of Gypsy persecution (1870-1945),” in From “Race Science” to the Camps: The Gypsies during the Second World War, by Karola Fings, Herbert Heuss and Frank Sparing (Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press, 1997), 24.
- ^ a b c Herbert Heuss, “German policies of Gypsy persecution (1870-1945),” in From “Race Science” to the Camps: The Gypsies during the Second World War, by Karola Fings, Herbert Heuss and Frank Sparing (Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press, 1997), 24.
- ^ Frank Sparing, “The Gypsy Camps: The creation, character and meaning of an instrument for the persecution of Sinti and Romanies under National Socialism,” in From “Race Science” to the Camps: The Gypsies during the Second World War, by Karola Fings, Herbert Heuss and Frank Sparing (Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press, 1997), 39-40.
- ^ Ian Hancock, “Gypsy History in Germany and Neighbouring Lands: A Chronology Leading to the Holocaust and Beyond,” in The Gypsies of Eastern Europe, ed by David Crowe and John Kolsti (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1991), pg. 14.
- ^ Erin Jessee, "Nazi Atrocities: The Genocide of the Roma/Sinti" (lecture, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, February 3, 2010).
- ^ a b Ian Hancock, We are the Romani People. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2002, (ISBN 1 902806 19 0)
- ^ Gisela Bock, Racism and Sexism in Nazi Germany, p.408 in The Gypsies of Eastern Europe,ME Sharpe Inc, London, p.46
- ^ Gabrielle Tyrnauer, The Fate of the Gypsies During the Holocaust, p.19 in The Gypsies of Eastern Europe,ME Sharpe Inc, London, p.47
- ^ US Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Nuremberg Laws: Nazi Racial Policy 1935”. 2009年5月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年12月12日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d 宮本和弥 2007, pp. 98.
- ^ The Holocaust History Museum Archived 2008年9月14日, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Arad, Yitzhak (1999). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indiana University Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-0-2532-1305-1
- ^ Headland, Ronald (1992). Messages of murder: a study of the reports of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the Security Service, 1941-1943. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. pp. 63. ISBN 978-0-8386-3418-9 2010年2月17日閲覧。
- ^ Snyder, Timothy (2010). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. Basic Books. pp. 276. ISBN 978-0-465-00239-9 2011年6月30日閲覧。
- ^ “The Trial of German Major War Criminals Sitting at Nuremberg, Germany 7th January to 19th January, 1946”. The Nizkor Project (2009年). 2010年2月17日閲覧。
- ^ Martin Gilbert, Second World War, page 735, Guild Publishing, London, 1989
- ^ a b c d 宮本和弥 2007, pp. 97.
- ^ Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. Clearwater, Fla: Owl Books. p. 474. ISBN 0-8050-7623-9
- ^ Sybil Milton, The Holocaust: the Gypsies, p.172 in Century of Genocide 3rd edition, ed. Samuel Totten & William S. Parsons, Routledge, Oxford, 2009.
- ^ Jasenovac, at the Jewish Virtual Library.
- ^ Crowe, David M. (2000). The Roma Holocaust in Schwartz, Bernard; DeCoste, Frederick Charles (Eds.) The Holocaust's ghost: writings on art, politics, law and education. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: University of Alberta Press. pp. 178–210. ISBN 0-88864-337-3
- ^ United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. “Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939-1945”. Holocaust Encyclopedia. 2011年8月9日閲覧。
- ^ The report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania (PDF), from Yad Vashem
- ^ Angus Fraser, The Gypsies, page 267, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992
- ^ Angus Fraser, The Gypsies, page 268, Blackwell, Oxford, 1992
- ^ Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-231-11200-9 Page 422
- ^ a b Harran, Marilyn J. (2000). The Holocaust Chronicles: A History in Words and Pictures. Lincolnwood, IL: Publications International. p. 384. ISBN 0-7853-2963-3 Full text
- ^ a b Berenbaum, Michael (1993). The world must know: The history of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 194–5. ISBN 0-316-09134-0
- ^ Martin Gilbert, Second World War, page 734, Guild Publishing, London, 1989
- ^ 宮本和弥 2007, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Wolfgang Wippermann, “Compensation withheld: The denial of reparations to the Sinti and Roma,” in The Gypsies during the Second World War: The Final Chapter, ed. Donald Kenrick (Hertfordshire: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2006), 171.
- ^ 宮本和弥 2007, pp. 101.
- ^ Zoltan D., Barany (2002). The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 265. ISBN 978-0-521-00910-2
- ^ 加賀美雅弘編『「ジプシー」と呼ばれた人々ー東ヨーロッパ・ロマ民族の過去と現在』学文社、2005年1月、p.174-175
- ^ William A. Duna (University of Minnesota): Gypsies: A Persecuted Race. Gypsies in Nazi Germany
- ^ 宮本和弥 2007, pp. 102–103.
- ^ 宮本和弥 2007, pp. 104–105.
- ^ e.g. Nazi Policies Toward Roma and Sinti, 1933-1945, Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 1992; Chapter 5, "The Holocaust: the Gypsies" in Century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts By Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, Israel W. Charny, Routledge, Oxford, 2004
- ^ Roma, Sinti und Jenische. Schweizerische Zigeunerpolitik zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. (English: "Roma, Sinti and Jenische. Swiss Gypsy-politics at the time of National Socialism") (PDF).
- ^ The Porajmos in Roma Memory in Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland.
- ^ Romanian Leader Apologizes to Gypsies, USA Today
- ^ Violence against Roma: Romania Human Rights First
- ^ Evans, Stephen (2011年1月27日). “Roma appeal against discrimination on Holocaust Day”. BBC News 2011年1月27日閲覧。
- ^ “Roma Holocaust survivor tells German parliament of 'forgotten' victims”. Deutsche Welle. (2011年1月27日) 2011年1月27日閲覧。
- ^ ナチスに虐殺のロマ追悼碑が完成 ドイツ首都、50万人犠牲に共同通信 2012年10月25日配信
- ^ Nyiri, Mary (2010年). “It's Only a Movie: Film Review of Kokoro (Freedom)”. KinoCritics. 2013年12月12日閲覧。
- ^ LG (2010年2月23日). “Yvette Lundy, inspire un film à Tony Gatlif”. France 3. オリジナルの2011年7月24日時点におけるアーカイブ。
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