ユダヤ系ドイツ人とは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

アシュケナジム

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/12/29 10:04 UTC 版)

アシュケナジム（アシュケナージム、Ashkenazim [ˌaʃkəˈnazim], אשכנזים）とは、ユダヤ系のディアスポラのうちドイツ語圏や東欧諸国などに定住した人々およびその子孫を指す^[1]。語源は創世記10章3節ならびに歴代誌上1章6節に登場するアシュケナズ（新共同訳や新改訳での表記。口語訳ではアシケナズと表記）である。単数形はアシュケナジ（アシュケナージ、Ashkenazi[ˌaʃkəˈnazi], אשכנזי）。アシュケナージは、ヘブライ語でドイツを意味する。

脚注

注釈

^ ただし、他にも多くの民族の血を引いていたレーニンは自身をロシア人とみなしていた。

出典

^ アシュケナジム [Ashkenazim]の意味国語辞典 - goo辞書
^ 臼杵陽. “スファラディーム・ミズラヒーム研究の最近の動向 ―雑誌『ペアミーム』を中心にして―”. 東京外国語大学. 2018年1月22日閲覧。
^ http://jewishhistorylectures.org/2013/12/05/origins-of-polish-jewry-this-week-in-jewish-history/
^ The Polish Jews Heritage – Genealogy Research Photos Translation". polishjews.org. 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d http://www.diplo.jp/articles11/1101-2.html ル・モンド紙（2011年1月）
^ Aleksander Hertz, Lucjan Dobroszycki The Jews in Polish culture, Northwestern University Press, 1988 ISBN 0-8101-0758-9
^ Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Jews in Poland: A Documentary History, Hippocrene Books (1993), pp. 27–28.
^ Sharman Kadish, Bolsheviks and British Jews: The Anglo-Jewish Community, Britain, and the Russian Revolution. Published by Routledge,
^ Ilya Prizel, National identity and foreign policy, Cambridge University Press 1998 ISBN 0-521-57697-0 p. 65.
^ Anna Jaskóła, University of Wrocław (2010). "Sytuacja prawna mniejszosci żydowskiej w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej" [The legal status of the Jewish minority in the Second Republic] (PDF). Chapter 3: Szkolnictwo żydowskie (Wrocław: Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii. Instytut Historii Państwa i Prawa (Faculty of Law, Administration and Economy)). pp. 65-66 (20/38 in PDF) – via direct download from BibliotekaCyfrowa.pl.
^ Joseph Marcus (1983), Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland, 1919–1939. Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin. ISBN 9027932395.
^ Mordecai Paldiel The path of the righteous: gentile rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust, KTAV Publishing House, 1993 ISBN 0-88125-376-6, p. 181
^ Celia Stopnicka Heller. On the Edge of Destruction: Jews of Poland Between the Two World Wars. Wayne State University Press, 1993。https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=GmVt-O3AR34C&pg=PA107&redir_esc=y
^ The Routledge Atlas of the Holocaust by Martin Gilbert, p.21
^ Alice Teichova, Herbert Matis, Jaroslav Pátek (2000). Economic Change and the National Question in Twentieth-century Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp. 342–344. ISBN 978-0-521-63037-5.
^ Edward D. Wynot, Jr., 'A Necessary Cruelty': The Emergence of Official Anti-Semitism in Poland, 1936–39. American Historical Review, no. 4, October 19711035-1058.
^ Shmuel Krakowski, The Fate of Jewish Prisoners of War in the September 1939 Campaign
^ History of the Holocaust – An Introduction. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org (1943-04-19). Retrieved on 2010-08-22.
^ Thomas C. Hubka, Resplendent Synagogue: Architecture and Worship in an Eighteenth-century Polish Community, UPNE, 2003, ISBN 1-58465-216-0, p. 57
^ ヴォルフガング・ベンツ Wolfgang Benz著、中村浩平・中村仁訳、『ホロコーストを学びたい人のために』、2004年、柏書房、ISBN 978-4760124794、p67
^ The Chief Rabbi's View on Jews and Poland – Michael Schudrich. Jcpa.org. Retrieved on 2010-08-22.
^ Devorah Hakohen, Immigrants in turmoil: mass immigration to Israel and its repercussions... Syracuse University Press, 2003 - 325 pages. Page 70. ISBN 0-8156-2969-9
^ Joshua D. Zimmerman 『Contested memories: Poles and Jews during the Holocaust and its aftermath』 Rutgers Univ Pr、2003年。ISBN 0813531586、p248
^ The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Poland. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved on 2010-08-22.
^ Albert Stankowski, Studia z historii Zydow w Polsce po 1945 roku, Warszawa 2000, pp. 139–145
^ http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/28/world/poland-resumes-full-diplomatic-ties-with-israel.html
^ Stokes, Bruce. "Faith in European Project Reviving". PEW research center. PEW research center. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
^ YIVO, Population since World War I at the YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe.
^ ^a ^b Berman Institute, World Jewish Population. North American Jewish Data Bank. (See Table 1: Jewish Population by Country, 1920s-1930s; PDF file, direct download 52.4 KB)
^ en:Race and intelligence参照。
^ “JEWISH NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS”. Jinfo.org. 2016年3月16日閲覧。 “At least 194 Jews and people of half- or three-quarters-Jewish ancestry have been awarded the Nobel Prize, accounting for 22% of all individual recipients worldwide between 1901 and 2015, and constituting 36% of all US recipients during the same period. In the scientific research fields of Chemistry, Economics, Physics, and Physiology/Medicine, the corresponding world and US percentages are 26% and 38%, respectively. Among women laureates in the four research fields, the Jewish percentages (world and US) are 33% and 50%, respectively. Of organizations awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 22% were founded principally by Jews or by people of half-Jewish descent. Since the turn of the century (i.e., since the year 2000), Jews have been awarded 25% of all Nobel Prizes and 28% of those in the scientific research fields.”
^ Pinker, Steven (2006年6月17日). “The Lessons of the Ashkenazim: Groups and Genes”. The New Republic. オリジナルの2008年1月5日時点におけるアーカイブ。 2007年12月23日閲覧. "Though never exceeding 3 percent of the American population, Jews account for 37 percent of the winners of the U.S. National Medal of Science, 25 percent of the American Nobel Prize winners in literature, 40 percent of the American Nobel Prize winners in science and economics, and so on."
^ 『頭のでき』　リチャード・Ｅ．ニスベット／著　水谷淳／訳　ダイヤモンド社　ISBN 978-4-478-00124-0　2010年3月