疫学
(伝染病学 から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/05/02 05:32 UTC 版)
疫学（えきがく、英: Epidemiology）とは、定義された集団における健康と疾病の状態の分布（誰が、いつ、どこで）、パターン、決定因子の研究と分析をする学問である。
- ^ Porta, Miquel (2014). A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997673-7 2014年7月16日閲覧。
- ^ 日本疫学会監修『はじめて学ぶやさしい疫学-疫学への招待』南江堂、2002-10-10、ISBN 4-524-22468-8
- ^ Nutter, F.W. Jr. (1999). “Understanding the interrelationships between botanical, human, and veterinary epidemiology: the Ys and Rs of it all”. Ecosystem Health 5 (3): 131–40. doi:10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09922.x.
- ^ Hippocrates (~200 BC). Airs, Waters, Places.
- ^ a b Carol Buck, Alvaro Llopis; Enrique Nájera; Milton Terris (1998) The Challenge of Epidemiology: Issues and Selected Readings. Scientific Publication No. 505. Pan American Health Organization. Washington, DC. p. 3.
- ^ Alfredo Morabia (2004). A history of epidemiologic methods and concepts. Birkhäuser. p. 93. ISBN 978-3-7643-6818-0
- ^ Historical Developments in Epidemiology Archived 19 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine.. Chapter 2. Jones & Bartlett Learning LLC.
- ^ Ray M. Merrill (2010). Introduction to Epidemiology. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7637-6622-1
- ^ a b Merril, Ray M., PhD, MPH. (2010): An Introduction to Epidemiology, Fifth Edition. Chapter 2: "Historic Developments in Epidemiology". Jones and Bartlett Publishing
- ^ “Changing Concepts: Background to Epidemiology”. Duncan & Associates. 2011年7月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年2月3日閲覧。
- ^ Joseph, P Byre (2012). Encyclopedia of the Black Death. ABC-CLIO. p. 76. ISBN 978-1598842548 2019年2月24日閲覧。
- ^ Guobin, Xu; Yanhui, Chen; Lianhua, Xu (2018). Introduction to Chinese Culture: Cultural History, Arts, Festivals and Rituals. Springer. p. 70. ISBN 978-9811081569 2019年2月24日閲覧。
- ^ “SARS: Clinical Trials on Treatment Using a Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine”. World Health Organization. 2018年6月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2019年2月24日閲覧。
- ^ Doctor John Snow Blames Water Pollution for Cholera Epidemic, by David Vachon Archived 28 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. UCLA Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health May & June 2005
- ^ John Snow, Father of Epidemiology Archived 20 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine. NPR Talk of the Nation. 24 September 2004
- ^ “Importance of Snow”. www.ph.ucla.edu. 2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ Dr. John Snow. Archived 16 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine. John Snow, Inc. and JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc.
- ^ Johnson, Steven, The ghost map : [the story of London's most terrifying epidemic – and how it changed science, cities, and the modern world], OCLC 1062993385 2020年9月16日閲覧。
- ^ Krishna (2019年5月). “Education Consultancy”. Krishna. 2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ Ólöf Garðarsdóttir; Loftur Guttormsson (25 August 2009). “Public health measures against neonatal tetanus on the island of Vestmannaeyjar (Iceland) during the 19th century”. The History of the Family 14 (3): 266–79. doi:10.1016/j.hisfam.2009.08.004.[要検証]
- ^ Statisticians of the centuries Archived 30 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine.. By C. C. Heyde, Eugene Senet
- ^ Anderson Gray McKendrick Archived 22 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ “Homepage”. University of Southampton. Tel: +4423 8059 5000 Fax: +4423 8059 3131 University of Southampton University Road Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom. 2024年3月10日閲覧。[リンク切れ]
- ^ “Origins and early development of the case-control study”. 2017年1月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月31日閲覧。
- ^ Mueller LM (2019). “Cancer in the tropics: geographical pathology and the formation of cancer epidemiology”. BioSocieties 14 (4): 512–528. doi:10.1057/s41292-019-00152-w. hdl:1721.1/128433.
- ^ “How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine”. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 12 (6): 621–28. (2012). doi:10.1586/erm.12.46. PMC 3492839. PMID 22845482.
- ^ “Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: Emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease”. Mod Pathol 26 (4): 465–84. (2013). doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.214. PMC 3637979. PMID 23307060.
- ^ “Interdisciplinary education to integrate pathology and epidemiology: Towards molecular and population-level health science”. Am J Epidemiol 176 (8): 659–67. (2012). doi:10.1093/aje/kws226. PMC 3571252. PMID 22935517.
- ^ “Lifestyle factors and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology”. J Natl Cancer Inst 102 (6): 365–67. (2010). doi:10.1093/jnci/djq031. PMC 2841039. PMID 20208016.
- ^ “Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field”. Gut 60 (3): 397–411. (2011). doi:10.1136/gut.2010.217182. PMC 3040598. PMID 21036793.
- ^ “The merits of subtyping obesity: one size does not fit all”. JAMA 310 (20): 2147–48. (2013). doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281501. PMID 24189835.
- ^ “CpG island methylation in colorectal cancer: past, present and future”. Pathology Research International 2011: 902674. (2011). doi:10.4061/2011/902674. PMC 3090226. PMID 21559209.
- ^ “The CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer: Progress and problems”. Biochim Biophys Acta 1825 (1): 77–85. (2012). doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.10.005. PMID 22056543.
- ^ “Gene discovery in familial cancer syndromes by exome sequencing: prospects for the elucidation of familial colorectal cancer type X.”. Mod Pathol 25 (8): 1055–68. (2012). doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.62. PMID 22522846.
- ^ “Aspirin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer-reinterpreting paradigms”. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 9 (10): 561–70. (2012). doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.137. PMID 22910681.
- ^ “Integrative cancer epidemiology – the next generation”. Cancer Discov 2 (12): 1087–90. (2012). doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0424. PMC 3531829. PMID 23230187.
- ^ “Lipogenesis and lipolysis: The pathways exploited by the cancer cells to acquire fatty acids”. Prog Lipid Res 52 (4): 585–89. (2013). doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2013.08.005. PMC 4002264. PMID 24001676.
- ^ “New Insights on Bariatric Surgery Outcomes”. JAMA 310 (22): 2401–02. (2013). doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280927. PMID 24189645.
- ^ “Harnessing evolutionary biology to combat infectious disease”. Nature Medicine 18 (2): 217–20. (2012). doi:10.1038/nm.2572. PMC 3712261. PMID 22310693.
- ^ “Evolutionary epidemiology: preparing for an age of genomic plenty”. Phil Trans R Soc B 368 (1614): 20120193. (2013). doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0193. PMC 3678320. PMID 23382418.
- ^ Wiemken, Timothy L.; Kelley, Robert R. (2020). “Machine Learning in Epidemiology and Health Outcomes Research”. Annual Review of Public Health 41: 21–36. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094437. PMID 31577910.
- ^ Bi, Qifang; Goodman, Katherine E.; Kaminsky, Joshua; Lessler, Justin (2019). “What is Machine Learning? A Primer for the Epidemiologist”. American Journal of Epidemiology 188 (12): 2222–2239. doi:10.1093/aje/kwz189. PMID 31509183.
- ^ Walker, Mark (2023). Digital Epidemiology (1 ed.). Sheffield, U.K.: Sicklebrook publishing. ISBN 9781470920364
- ^ 松田 誠 著 「脚気をなくした男 高木兼寛伝」 講談社 ISBN 4-06-204487-0
- ^ 倉迫 一朝 著 「病気を診ずして病人を診よ 麦飯男爵 -高木 兼寛の生涯-」 鉱脈社 ISBN 4-906008-31-3
- ^ a b c "Principles of Epidemiology." Key Concepts in Public Health. London: Sage UK, 2009. Credo Reference. 1 August 2011. Web. 30 September 2012.
- ^ Eysenbach, Gunther (May 2011). “Infodemiology and Infoveillance”. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 40 (5): S154–S158. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.02.006. ISSN 0749-3797. PMID 21521589.
- ^ Eysenbach, Gunther (2009-03-27). “Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Framework for an Emerging Set of Public Health Informatics Methods to Analyze Search, Communication and Publication Behavior on the Internet” (英語). Journal of Medical Internet Research 11 (1): e11. doi:10.2196/jmir.1157. ISSN 1438-8871. PMC 2762766. PMID 19329408.
- ^ Wyatt, J C (2002-11-01). “Basic concepts in medical informatics”. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 56 (11): 808–812. doi:10.1136/jech.56.11.808. PMC 1732047. PMID 12388565.
- ^ Mackey, Tim; Baur, Cynthia; Eysenbach, Gunther (2022-02-14). “Advancing Infodemiology in a Digital Intensive Era” (英語). JMIR Infodemiology 2 (1): e37115. doi:10.2196/37115. PMC 9987192. PMID 37113802.
- ^ Mavragani, Amaryllis (2020-04-28). “Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review” (英語). Journal of Medical Internet Research 22 (4): e16206. doi:10.2196/16206. PMC 7189791. PMID 32310818.
- ^ Song, Jae W.; Chung, Kevin C. (December 2010). “Observational Studies: Cohort and Case-Control Studies” (英語). Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 126 (6): 2234–2242. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181f44abc. ISSN 0032-1052. PMC 2998589. PMID 20697313.
- ^ Hennekens, Charles H.; Julie E. Buring (1987). Mayrent, Sherry L.. ed. Epidemiology in Medicine. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-316-35636-7
- ^ Woodward, James (2010). “Causation in biology: stability, specificity, and the choice of levels of explanation.”. Biology & Philosophy 25 (3): 287–318. doi:10.1007/s10539-010-9200-z.
- ^ Rothman, Kenneth J. (1986). Modern Epidemiology. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-75776-8
- ^ Rothman, Kenneth J. (2012). Epidemiology : An introduction (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 24. ISBN 978-0-19-975455-7. OCLC 750986180
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hill, Austin Bradford (1965). “The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?”. 王立医学協会会報 58 (5): 295–300. doi:10.1177/003591576505800503. PMC 1898525. PMID 14283879.
- ^ Phillips, Carl V.; Karen J. Goodman (October 2004). “The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill”. Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations 1 (3): 3. doi:10.1186/1742-5573-1-3. PMC 524370. PMID 15507128.
- ^ Green, Michael D.; D. Michal Freedman, and Leon Gordis. Reference Guide on Epidemiology. Federal Judicial Centre. オリジナルの27 February 2008時点におけるアーカイブ。 2008年2月3日閲覧。
- ^ “Measuring Health and Disease I: Introduction to Epidemiology”. 2011年8月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年12月16日閲覧。
- ^ Smetanin, P.; P. Kobak (October 2005). Interdisciplinary Cancer Risk Management: Canadian Life and Economic Impacts (PDF). 1st International Cancer Control Congress. 2014年2月2日時点のオリジナル (PDF)よりアーカイブ。2013年8月2日閲覧。
- ^ Smetanin, P.; P. Kobak (July 2006). A Population-Based Risk Management Framework for Cancer Control. The International Union Against Cancer Conference. 2014年2月2日時点のオリジナル (PDF)よりアーカイブ。
- ^ Smetanin, P.; P. Kobak (July 2005). Selected Canadian Life and Economic Forecast Impacts of Lung Cancer. 11th World Conference on Lung Cancer. 2014年2月2日時点のオリジナル (PDF)よりアーカイブ。
- ^ WHO, "Health topics: Epidemiology." Archived 9 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed: 30 October 2017.
- ^ Miquel Porta. A Dictionary of Epidemiology. http://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-dictionary-of-epidemiology-9780199976737?cc=us&lang=en Archived 11 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. 6th edition, New York, 2014 Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-997673-7 Accessed: 30 October 2017.
- ^ Prudhon, C & Spiegel, P. "A review of methodology and analysis of nutrition and mortality surveys conducted in humanitarian emergencies from October 1993 to April 2004" Emerging Themes in Epidemiology 2007, 4:10. http://www.ete-online.com/content/4/1/10 Archived 23 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed: 30 October 2017.
- ^ Roberts, B et al. "A new method to estimate mortality in crisis-affected and resource-poor settings: validation study." International Journal of Epidemiology 2010; 39:1584–96. Accessed: 30 October 2017.
- ^ Zhang Stephen X; Marioli Francisco Arroyo; Gao Renfei; Wang Senhu (2021). “When is an epidemic an epidemic?”. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 14: 3775–3782. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S326051. PMC 8448159. PMID 34548826.
- ^ a b Ioannidis, J. P. A.; Tarone, R.; McLaughlin, J. K. (2011). “The False-positive to False-negative Ratio in Epidemiologic Studies”. Epidemiology 22 (4): 450–56. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31821b506e. PMID 21490505.
- ^ a b Hernán, M. A.; Hernández-Díaz, S.; Robins, J. M. (2004). “A structural approach to selection bias”. Epidemiology 15 (5): 615–25. doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43. PMID 15308962.
- ^ a b [1] Archived 29 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. 24
- ^ a b Rothman, K. (2002). Epidemiology: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195135541
- ^ a b c “Confounding in Health Research”. Annu. Rev. Public Health 22: 189–212. (2001). doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.189. PMID 11274518.
- ^ “Public Health Studies”. Public Health Studies at Johns Hopkins (2013年6月6日). 2017年4月13日閲覧。
- ^ “Ask the Expert: The Epidemiology of COVID-19”. SCUSM. 2020年6月11日閲覧。
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