中性子の発見
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2021/01/09 22:39 UTC 版)
中性子とその性質の発見は、20世紀前半における原子物理学の並外れた発展の中心を占める。20世紀初頭にアーネスト・ラザフォードがハンス・ガイガーとアーネスト・マースデンの金箔実験に基づき原子の粗い模型を開発した[1]:188 [2]。この模型において、原子の質量と正電荷は非常に小さな核に集中していた[3]。1920年までに化学同位体が発見され、原子質量は(ほとんど)水素原子の質量の整数倍であると決定され[4]、原子番号は核の電荷と同じであることが分かった[5]:§1.1.2。1920年代を通じて原子核は当時知られていた2つの素粒子である陽子と電子の組み合わせで構成されていると考えられていたが、その模型はいくつかの実験的・理論的矛盾を示していた[1]:298。
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