リボソームとは? わかりやすく解説

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リボソーム【ribosome】

読み方:りぼそーむ

リボゾーム


リボソーム

細胞活動大部分占めるのがタンパク質合成である。リボソームはタンパク質の合成を担う巨大な複合体である。

タンパク質合成は、たくさんの分子を必要とする複雑なプロセスで、DNADNAポリメラーゼRNAポリメラーゼ、リプレッサーホスト、DNA修復酵素・トポイソメラーゼ・ヒストン、tRNAアシルtRNAシンテターゼ分子シャペロンなどの分子がかかわる。

大サブユニット

大サブユニットはリボソームの活性部位を持つサブユニットで、ペプチド結合形成を行う。本体は2本のRNA鎖で、その表面複数タンパク質結合しているリボザイムである。小サブユニットによってtRNA配置されると、tRNA上のアミノ酸ペプチド鎖転移してペプチド鎖延長していく。

リボソーム
1S1I - Ribosome
Structure Of The Ribosomal 80s-Eef2-Sordarin Complex From Yeast Obtained By Docking Atomic Models For Rna And Protein Components Into A 11.7 A Cryo-Em Map. This File, 1s1i, Contains 60s Subunit. The 40s Ribosomal Subunit Is In File 1s1h

小サブユニット

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リボソーム

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/04/07 08:42 UTC 版)

リボソーム: ribosome : Ribosomリボゾーム)は、すべての細胞に存在する生体タンパク質合成(mRNAの翻訳)を行う分子機械である。リボソームは、伝令RNA(mRNA)分子のコドンによって指定された順序でアミノ酸をつなぎ合わせ、ポリペプチド鎖を形成する。リボソームは、リボソーム小サブユニットとリボソーム大サブユニットという2つの主要な構成要素からなる。それぞれのサブユニットは、1つまたは複数のリボソームRNA(rRNA)分子と多数のリボソームタンパク質英語版(RPまたはr-タンパク質)から構成されている[1][2][3]。リボソームとそれらが会合する分子を合わせて翻訳装置(translational apparatus)とも呼ぶ。


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