敬語敬語の概要

脚注

注釈

^ 「你好」（ニイハオ）で使われる二人称の你（ni3）（ニイ）の敬語形が您（nin2）（ニン）。なお「你好吗?」という挨拶は英語の"How are you?"に由来し、米中・日中の国交回復以前には常用されていない（典拠：司馬遼太郎・陳舜臣『対談中国を考える』文春文庫）。

出典

^ 『文部科学省学術用語集：言語学編』
^ Shibatani 1994
^ Kibort, Anna. Respect. Grammatical Features. 7 January 2008.
^ 白土保、丸元聡子、村田真樹、井佐原均「日本語発話文における敬語の誤用を指摘するシステムの開発」自然言語処理13巻3号 p.243-260 一般社団法人言語処理学会 2022年7月24日閲覧
^ 文化審議会「敬語の指針」文化庁 2022年7月24日閲覧
^ 井上史雄 2017a, pp. 14–15.
^ Comrie, Bernard (1976). “Linguistic politeness axes: Speaker-addressee, speaker-referent, speaker-bystander.”. Pragmatics Microfiche 1 (7): A3–B1.
^ Huang, Yan. 2007. Pragmatics, Oxford University Press. p.164
^ Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2005. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Walter de Gruyter. p. 97
^ Dixon, Robert M. W. 1994. Ergativity. Cambridge University Press. p. 19
^ Foley, William. 1997. Anthropological linguistics: An introduction. Blackwell. pp. 327–8
^ Odango, Emerson Lopez (2015). Affeu fangani 'join together': A morphophonemic analysis of possessive suffix paradigms and a discourse-based ethnography of the elicitation session in Pakin Lukunosh Mortlockese.
^ 宇賀治正朋『英語史』開拓社、2000年、174頁。
^ 井上史雄 2017a, pp. 233–234.
^ 苅部恒徳「親称の"Thou"と敬称の"You" : 英語における2人称代名詞の歴史について」『新潟大学英文学会誌』第28巻、新潟大学英文学会、1999年8月、1-15頁、NAID 110000299961。
^ ^a ^b ^c 浅田秀子『日本語にはどうして敬語が多いの？』アリス館、1997年。
^ Foley, William (1997). “Language and Social Position.” Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction: 305–333. Blackwell Publishing.
^ Huszcza, Romuald. (2005). “Politeness in Poland: From ‘Titlemania’ to Grammaticalised Honorifics.” Politeness in Europe: 218–233
^ Popov, Paul (Autumn 1985). “On the Origin of Russian vy as a Form of Polite Address.” The Slavic and East European Journal 29 (3): 330–337
^ Hill, Jane H. and Kenneth C. Hill. 1978. “Honorific Usage in Modern Nahuatl: The Expression of Social Distance and Respect in the Nahuatl of the Malinche Volcano Area.” https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/413001.pdf Language. Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 125, 130, 142.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Odango, Emerson Lopez (2015). Affeu fangani 'join together': A morphophonemic analysis of possessive suffix paradigms and a discourse-based ethnography of the elicitation session in Pakin Lukunosh Mortlockese.
^ James Joseph Errington: 1998. Shifting languages: interaction and identity in Javanese Indonesia in Issue 19 of Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language. Cambridge University Press: 1998. ISBN 0-521-63448-2, ISBN 978-0-521-63448-9. 216 pages 84–88
^ Errington, JJ 1988. Structure and Style in Javanese: A Semiotic View of Linguistic Etiquette. University of Pennsylvania Press: 11
^ Koentjaraningrat. 1985. Javanese culture Oxford University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-19-582542-X, 550 pages
^ Tim Ingold editor. 2002. Companion encyclopedia of anthropologyTaylor & Francis, 2002.ISBN 0415286042. 882–883. 9780415286046
^ Ward Keeler: 1984. Javanese, a cultural approach: Issue 69 of Papers in international studies Southeast Asia Series. Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1984. ISBN 0-89680-121-7, ISBN 978-0-89680-121-9. 515 pages
^ Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono (1973). “Honorifics in Generative Semantics: A Case in Javanese.” RELC Journal 4: 86–97
^ James Joseph Errington: 1998. Shifting languages: interaction and identity in Javanese Indonesia in Issue 19 of Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language. Cambridge University Press: 1998. ISBN 0-521-63448-2, ISBN 978-0-521-63448-9. 216 pages 84–88
^ Errington, JJ 1988. Structure and Style in Javanese: A Semiotic View of Linguistic Etiquette. University of Pennsylvania Press
^ Scotton CM 1988, Code Switching as Indexical of Social Negotiations". in M Heller Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
^ Tim Ingold editor. 2002. Companion encyclopedia of anthropologyTaylor & Francis, 2002.ISBN 0415286042. 884–890. 9780415286046
^ Hildred Geertz. 1961. The Javanese family: a study of kinship and socialization: Volume 2 of Series on contemporary Javanese life. Free Press of Glencoe, 1961. 176 pages. 19: 147: 152
^ ^a ^b ^c Lee, Iksop and S. Robert Ramsey. 2000. The Korean Language. State University of New York Press. pp. 224, 250, 253–263. ISBN 0-7914-4831-2
^ Stauss, Susan and Jong Oh Eun. 2005. “Indexicality and honorific speech level choice in Korean.” Linguistics. 613–614. ISSN 1613-396X

[前の解説]

[続きの解説]

「敬語」の続きの解説一覧

[35] 「你好」（ニイハオ）で使われる二人称の你（ni3）（ニイ）の敬語形が您（nin2）（ニン）。なお「你好吗?」という挨拶は英語の"How are you?"に由来し、米中・日中の国交回復以前には常用されていない（典拠：司馬遼太郎・陳舜臣『対談中国を考える』文春文庫）。

[1] 『文部科学省学術用語集：言語学編』

[2] Shibatani 1994

[3] Kibort, Anna. Respect. Grammatical Features. 7 January 2008.

[4] 白土保、丸元聡子、村田真樹、井佐原均「日本語発話文における敬語の誤用を指摘するシステムの開発」自然言語処理13巻3号 p.243-260 一般社団法人言語処理学会 2022年7月24日閲覧

[5] 文化審議会「敬語の指針」文化庁 2022年7月24日閲覧

[FOOTNOTE井上史雄2017a14–15-6] 井上史雄 2017a, pp. 14–15.

[Comrie_76-7] Comrie, Bernard (1976). “Linguistic politeness axes: Speaker-addressee, speaker-referent, speaker-bystander.”. Pragmatics Microfiche 1 (7): A3–B1.

[8] Huang, Yan. 2007. Pragmatics, Oxford University Press. p.164

[9] Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2005. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Walter de Gruyter. p. 97

[10] Dixon, Robert M. W. 1994. Ergativity. Cambridge University Press. p. 19

[11] Foley, William. 1997. Anthropological linguistics: An introduction. Blackwell. pp. 327–8

[:0-12] Odango, Emerson Lopez (2015). Affeu fangani 'join together': A morphophonemic analysis of possessive suffix paradigms and a discourse-based ethnography of the elicitation session in Pakin Lukunosh Mortlockese.

[13] 宇賀治正朋『英語史』開拓社、2000年、174頁。

[FOOTNOTE井上史雄2017a233–234-14] 井上史雄 2017a, pp. 233–234.

[15] 苅部恒徳「親称の"Thou"と敬称の"You" : 英語における2人称代名詞の歴史について」『新潟大学英文学会誌』第28巻、新潟大学英文学会、1999年8月、1-15頁、NAID 110000299961。

[浅田1997-16] 浅田秀子『日本語にはどうして敬語が多いの？』アリス館、1997年。

[17] Foley, William (1997). “Language and Social Position.” Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction: 305–333. Blackwell Publishing.

[18] Huszcza, Romuald. (2005). “Politeness in Poland: From ‘Titlemania’ to Grammaticalised Honorifics.” Politeness in Europe: 218–233

[19] Popov, Paul (Autumn 1985). “On the Origin of Russian vy as a Form of Polite Address.” The Slavic and East European Journal 29 (3): 330–337

[20] Hill, Jane H. and Kenneth C. Hill. 1978. “Honorific Usage in Modern Nahuatl: The Expression of Social Distance and Respect in the Nahuatl of the Malinche Volcano Area.” https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/413001.pdf Language. Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 125, 130, 142.

[:02-21] Odango, Emerson Lopez (2015). Affeu fangani 'join together': A morphophonemic analysis of possessive suffix paradigms and a discourse-based ethnography of the elicitation session in Pakin Lukunosh Mortlockese.

[Cambridge_University_Press_1998._pages_84–88-22] James Joseph Errington: 1998. Shifting languages: interaction and identity in Javanese Indonesia in Issue 19 of Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language. Cambridge University Press: 1998. ISBN 0-521-63448-2, ISBN 978-0-521-63448-9. 216 pages 84–88

[Errington_1988-23] Errington, JJ 1988. Structure and Style in Javanese: A Semiotic View of Linguistic Etiquette. University of Pennsylvania Press: 11

[24] Koentjaraningrat. 1985. Javanese culture Oxford University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-19-582542-X, 550 pages

[25] Tim Ingold editor. 2002. Companion encyclopedia of anthropologyTaylor & Francis, 2002.ISBN 0415286042. 882–883. 9780415286046

[26] Ward Keeler: 1984. Javanese, a cultural approach: Issue 69 of Papers in international studies Southeast Asia Series. Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1984. ISBN 0-89680-121-7, ISBN 978-0-89680-121-9. 515 pages

[27] Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono (1973). “Honorifics in Generative Semantics: A Case in Javanese.” RELC Journal 4: 86–97

[Cambridge_University_Press_1998._pages_84–882-28] James Joseph Errington: 1998. Shifting languages: interaction and identity in Javanese Indonesia in Issue 19 of Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language. Cambridge University Press: 1998. ISBN 0-521-63448-2, ISBN 978-0-521-63448-9. 216 pages 84–88

[29] Errington, JJ 1988. Structure and Style in Javanese: A Semiotic View of Linguistic Etiquette. University of Pennsylvania Press

[30] Scotton CM 1988, Code Switching as Indexical of Social Negotiations". in M Heller Codeswitching: Anthropological and Sociolinguistic Perspectives Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

[31] Tim Ingold editor. 2002. Companion encyclopedia of anthropologyTaylor & Francis, 2002.ISBN 0415286042. 884–890. 9780415286046

[32] Hildred Geertz. 1961. The Javanese family: a study of kinship and socialization: Volume 2 of Series on contemporary Javanese life. Free Press of Glencoe, 1961. 176 pages. 19: 147: 152

[Korean_Language-33] Lee, Iksop and S. Robert Ramsey. 2000. The Korean Language. State University of New York Press. pp. 224, 250, 253–263. ISBN 0-7914-4831-2

[Korean-34] Stauss, Susan and Jong Oh Eun. 2005. “Indexicality and honorific speech level choice in Korean.” Linguistics. 613–614. ISSN 1613-396X

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敬語に関連する言葉	敬語(けいご) 最高敬語絶対敬語(ぜったいけいご) >>同じ種類の言葉 >>文法に関連する言葉

敬語 敬語の概要

敬語

注釈

出典

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敬語敬語の概要