ReaderWriterLockとは? わかりやすく解説

ReaderWriterLock クラス

単一ライタ複数リーダーサポートするロック定義します

名前空間: System.Threading
アセンブリ: mscorlib (mscorlib.dll 内)
構文構文

<ComVisibleAttribute(True)> _
Public NotInheritable Class
 ReaderWriterLock
    Inherits CriticalFinalizerObject
Dim instance As ReaderWriterLock
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)] 
public sealed class ReaderWriterLock : CriticalFinalizerObject
[ComVisibleAttribute(true)] 
public ref class ReaderWriterLock sealed :
 public CriticalFinalizerObject
/** @attribute ComVisibleAttribute(true) */ 
public final class ReaderWriterLock extends
 CriticalFinalizerObject
ComVisibleAttribute(true) 
public final class ReaderWriterLock extends
 CriticalFinalizerObject
解説解説
メモメモ

このクラス適用される HostProtectionAttribute 属性Resources プロパティの値は、Synchronization または ExternalThreading です。HostProtectionAttribute は、デスクトップ アプリケーション (一般的にはアイコンダブルクリックコマンド入力、またはブラウザURL入力して起動するアプリケーション) には影響しません。詳細については、HostProtectionAttribute クラストピックまたは「SQL Server プログラミングホスト保護属性」を参照してください

ReaderWriterLock は、リソースへのアクセス同期するときに使用します。このクラスでは、複数スレッドによる同時読み取りアクセスまたは 1 つスレッドによる書き込みアクセスいずれかが常に許可されます。リソース変更頻繁に発生しない場合は、ReaderWriterLock のような "一度1 つ" 方式単純なロックより、Monitor の方が優れたスループットを得ることができます

ReaderWriterLock は、ほとんどのアクセス読み取りアクセスで、書き込みアクセスはほとんど発生せず短時間終了するような場合適してます。複数リーダー単一ライタ交互に処理されるため、リーダーライタ両方長時間わたってブロックされることはありません。

1 つスレッドリーダー ロックまたはライタ ロック保持できますが、一度両方取得することはできません。ライタ ロック取得するためにリーダー ロック解放する必要がある場合は、代わりに UpgradeToWriterLock と DowngradeFromWriterLock を使用することもできます

再帰的ロック要求すると、ロックロック カウントインクリメントされます

リーダーライタキュー別々に存在しますライタ ロック保持していたスレッドロック解放すると、そのときリーダー キュー待機していたすべてのスレッドに対してリーダー ロック与えられます。これによりリーダー ロック保持していたすべてのスレッドロック解放すると、今度ライタ キュー待機していた次のスレッドライタ ロック与えられます。これが繰り返されます。つまり、ReaderWriterLock は、複数リーダー1 つライタ交互に処理します

現在のリーダー ロック解放待機しているスレッドライタ キューにある場合新しくリーダー ロック要求するスレッドリーダー キュー格納されます。この場合、既にリーダー ロック保持しているスレッド同時アクセス共有できたとしても、この新しリーダー ロック要求はすぐには処理されません。これは、リーダーによる無制限ブロックかライタ保護するためのしくみです。

ReaderWriterLockロック取得に関するメソッドのほとんどは、タイムアウト値を受け取ることができますタイムアウト値を使用すると、アプリケーションデッドロック発生することを防ぐことができます。たとえば、あるスレッドがあるリソースに対してライタ ロック取得し次に 2 番目のリソースに対してリーダー ロック要求同時に別のスレッドがこの 2 番目のリソースに対してライタ ロック取得して、1 番目のリソースに対してリーダー ロック要求したとしますこのような場合は、タイムアウト値を使用しないと、2 つスレッドデッドロック発生します

タイムアウト時間経過してロック要求許可されなかった場合メソッドは ApplicationException をスローして制御呼び出し元のスレッド戻しますスレッドはこの例外キャッチして、次に実行するアクション指定できます

タイムアウト値はミリ秒単位表されます。System.TimeSpan を使用してタイムアウト値を指定する場合使用される値は、TimeSpan が表すミリ秒数の合計値となります有効なタイムアウト値 (ミリ秒) を次の表示示します

説明

-1

Infinite.

0

タイムアウトなし。

> 0

ミリ秒単位待機時間

-1 を例外として、タイムアウト値には負の値を指定できません。-1 以外の負の整数値を指定した場合タイムアウト値には 0 (タイムアウトなし) が適用されます。-1 以外の負のミリ秒値を表す TimeSpan指定した場合は、ArgumentOutOfRangeException がスローさます。

使用例使用例
' This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
' resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
' by multiple threads.

' The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
' class topic.
Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic

Public Class Test
    ' Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    ' makes it visible to all threads.
    Private Shared rwl As
 New ReaderWriterLock()
    ' For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    ' ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    Private Shared resource As
 Integer = 0

    Const numThreads As Integer
 = 26
    Private Shared running As
 Boolean = True
    Private Shared rnd As
 New Random()
   
    ' Statistics.
    Private Shared readerTimeouts As
 Integer = 0
    Private Shared writerTimeouts As
 Integer = 0
    Private Shared reads As
 Integer = 0
    Private Shared writes As
 Integer = 0
  
    <MTAThread> _
    Public Shared Sub Main(args()
 As String)
        ' Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
        ' performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
        Dim t(numThreads) As Thread
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To numThreads - 1
            t(i) = New Thread(New ThreadStart(AddressOf
 ThreadProc))
            t(i).Name = Chr(i + 65)
            t(i).Start()
            If i > 10 Then
                Thread.Sleep(300)
            End If
        Next i 

        ' Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
        ' finish.
        running = False
        For i = 0 To numThreads - 1
            t(i).Join()
        Next i
      
        ' Display statistics.
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & "{0} reads, {1} writes,
 {2} reader time-outs, {3} writer time-outs.", reads, writes, readerTimeouts,
 writerTimeouts)
        Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to exit.")
        Console.ReadLine()
    End Sub 'Main
   
   
    Shared Sub ThreadProc()
        ' As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
        ' various ways to read and write from the shared 
        ' resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
        ' or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
        While running
            Dim action As Double
 = rnd.NextDouble()
            If action < 0.8 Then
                ReadFromResource(10)
            ElseIf action < 0.81 Then
                ReleaseRestore(50)
            ElseIf action < 0.9 Then
                UpgradeDowngrade(100)
            Else
                WriteToResource(100)
            End If
        End While
    End Sub 'ThreadProc
    
    ' Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
    ' how to handle time-outs.
    Shared Sub ReadFromResource(timeOut As
 Integer)
        Try
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read from
                ' the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " &
 resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)
            Finally 
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'ReadFromResource

    ' Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
    ' how to handle time-outs.
    Shared Sub WriteToResource(timeOut As
 Integer)
        Try
            rwl.AcquireWriterLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read or write
                ' from the shared resource.
                resource = rnd.Next(500)
                Display("writes resource value " &
 resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(writes)
            Finally
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseWriterLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The writer lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(writerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'WriteToResource

    ' Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
    ' reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
    ' reader lock again.
    Shared Sub UpgradeDowngrade(timeOut As
 Integer)
        Try
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read from
                ' the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " &
 resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)
            
                ' If it is necessary to write to the resource,
                ' you must either release the reader lock and 
                ' then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
                ' reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
                ' puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
                ' other threads that might be waiting for the 
                ' writer lock.
                Try
                    Dim lc As LockCookie =
 rwl.UpgradeToWriterLock(timeOut)
                    Try
                        ' It is safe for this thread to read or write
                        ' from the shared resource.
                        resource = rnd.Next(500)
                        Display("writes resource value " &
 resource)
                        Interlocked.Increment(writes)
                    Finally
                        ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                        rwl.DowngradeFromWriterLock(lc)
                    End Try
                Catch ex As ApplicationException
                    ' The upgrade request timed out.
                    Interlocked.Increment(writerTimeouts)
                End Try
            
                ' When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
                ' still safe to read from the resource.
                Display("reads resource value " &
 resource)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)
            Finally
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'UpgradeDowngrade

    ' Shows how to release all locks and later restore
    ' the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
    ' to determine whether another thread has obtained
    ' a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
    ' resource.
    Shared Sub ReleaseRestore(timeOut As
 Integer)
        Dim lastWriter As Integer
      
        Try
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut)
            Try
                ' It is safe for this thread to read from
                ' the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
                ' might do this if reading the resource is
                ' an expensive operation.)
                Dim resourceValue As Integer
 = resource
                Display("reads resource value " &
 resourceValue)
                Interlocked.Increment(reads)
            
                ' Save the current writer sequence number.
                lastWriter = rwl.WriterSeqNum
            
                ' Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
                ' lock can be restored later.
                Dim lc As LockCookie = rwl.ReleaseLock()
            
                ' Wait for a random interval (up to a 
                ' quarter of a second), and then restore
                ' the previous state of the lock. Note that
                ' there is no time-out on the Restore method.
                Thread.Sleep(rnd.Next(250))
                rwl.RestoreLock(lc)
           
                ' Check whether other threads obtained the
                ' writer lock in the interval. If not, then
                ' the cached value of the resource is still
                ' valid.
                If rwl.AnyWritersSince(lastWriter) Then
                    resourceValue = resource
                    Interlocked.Increment(reads)
                    Display("resource has changed "
 & resourceValue)
                Else
                    Display("resource has not changed "
 & resourceValue)
                End If
            Finally
                ' Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock()
            End Try
        Catch ex As ApplicationException
            ' The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts)
        End Try
    End Sub 'ReleaseRestore

    ' Helper method briefly displays the most recent
    ' thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
    ' get a better idea of throughput.
    Shared Sub Display(msg As
 String)
        Console.Write("Thread {0} {1}.       " &
 vbCr, Thread.CurrentThread.Name, msg)
    End Sub 'Display
End Class 'Test 
// This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
// resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
// by multiple threads.

// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
using System;
using System.Threading;

public class Test
{
    // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    // makes it visible to all threads.
    static ReaderWriterLock rwl = new ReaderWriterLock();
    // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    static int resource = 0;

    const int numThreads = 26;
    static bool running = true;
    static Random rnd = new Random();

    // Statistics.
    static int readerTimeouts = 0;
    static int writerTimeouts = 0;
    static int reads = 0;
    static int writes = 0;

    public static void Main(string[]
 args)
    {
        // Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
        // performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
        Thread[] t = new Thread[numThreads];
        for (int i = 0; i < numThreads;
 i++)
        {
            t[i] = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
            t[i].Name = new String(Convert.ToChar(i + 65), 1);
            t[i].Start();
            if (i > 10)
                Thread.Sleep(300);
        }

        // Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
        // finish.
        running = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < numThreads;
 i++)
        {
            t[i].Join();
        }

        // Display statistics.
        Console.WriteLine("\r\n{0} reads, {1} writes, {2} reader time-outs,
 {3} writer time-outs.",
            reads, writes, readerTimeouts, writerTimeouts);
        Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to exit.");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    static void ThreadProc()
    {
        // As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
        // various ways to read and write from the shared 
        // resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
        // or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
        while (running)
        {
            double action = rnd.NextDouble();
            if (action < .8)
                ReadFromResource(10);
            else if (action < .81)
                ReleaseRestore(50);
            else if (action < .90)
                UpgradeDowngrade(100);
            else
                WriteToResource(100);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
    // how to handle time-outs.
    static void ReadFromResource(int
 timeOut)
    {
        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " + resource); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref readerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
    // how to handle time-outs.
    static void WriteToResource(int
 timeOut)
    {
        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireWriterLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                // from the shared resource.
                resource = rnd.Next(500);
                Display("writes resource value " + resource);
                Interlocked.Increment(ref writes);
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseWriterLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The writer lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref writerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
    // reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
    // reader lock again.
    static void UpgradeDowngrade(int
 timeOut)
    {
        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource.
                Display("reads resource value " + resource); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);

                // If it is necessary to write to the resource,
                // you must either release the reader lock and 
                // then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
                // reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
                // puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
                // other threads that might be waiting for the 
                // writer lock.
                try
                {
                    LockCookie lc = rwl.UpgradeToWriterLock(timeOut);
                    try
                    {
                        // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                        // from the shared resource.
                        resource = rnd.Next(500);
                        Display("writes resource value " + resource);
                        Interlocked.Increment(ref writes);
                    }        
                    finally
                    {
                        // Ensure that the lock is released.
                        rwl.DowngradeFromWriterLock(ref lc);
                    }
                }
                catch (ApplicationException)
                {
                    // The upgrade request timed out.
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref writerTimeouts);
                }

                // When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
                // still safe to read from the resource.
                Display("reads resource value " + resource); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref readerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Shows how to release all locks and later restore
    // the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
    // to determine whether another thread has obtained
    // a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
    // resource.
    static void ReleaseRestore(int
 timeOut)
    {
        int lastWriter;

        try
        {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try
            {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
                // might do this if reading the resource is
                // an expensive operation.)
                int resourceValue = resource;
                Display("reads resource value " + resourceValue); 
                Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);

                // Save the current writer sequence number.
                lastWriter = rwl.WriterSeqNum;

                // Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
                // lock can be restored later.
                LockCookie lc = rwl.ReleaseLock();

                // Wait for a random interval (up to a 
                // quarter of a second), and then restore
                // the previous state of the lock. Note that
                // there is no time-out on the Restore method.
                Thread.Sleep(rnd.Next(250));
                rwl.RestoreLock(ref lc);

                // Check whether other threads obtained the
                // writer lock in the interval. If not, then
                // the cached value of the resource is still
                // valid.
                if (rwl.AnyWritersSince(lastWriter))
                {
                    resourceValue = resource;
                    Interlocked.Increment(ref reads);
                    Display("resource has changed " + resourceValue);
                }
                else
                {
                    Display("resource has not changed " + resourceValue);
                }
            }        
            finally
            {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException)
        {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(ref readerTimeouts);
        }
    }

    // Helper method briefly displays the most recent
    // thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
    // get a better idea of throughput.
    static void Display(string
 msg)
    {
        Console.Write("Thread {0} {1}.       \r", Thread.CurrentThread.Name,
 msg);
    }
}
// This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
// resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
// by multiple threads.
// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;
public ref class Test
{
public:

   // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
   // makes it visible to all threads.
   static ReaderWriterLock^ rwl = gcnew ReaderWriterLock;

   // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
   // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
   static int resource = 0;

   literal int numThreads = 26;
   static bool running = true;
   static Random^ rnd = gcnew Random;

   // Statistics.
   static int readerTimeouts = 0;
   static int writerTimeouts = 0;
   static int reads = 0;
   static int writes = 0;
   static void ThreadProc()
   {
      
      // As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
      // various ways to read and write from the shared 
      // resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
      // or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
      while ( running )
      {
         double action = rnd->NextDouble();
         if ( action < .8 )
                  ReadFromResource( 10 );
         else
         if ( action < .81 )
                  ReleaseRestore( 50 );
         else
         if ( action < .90 )
                  UpgradeDowngrade( 100 );
         else
                  WriteToResource( 100 );
      }
   }


   // Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
   // how to handle time-outs.
   static void ReadFromResource( int
 timeOut )
   {
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireReaderLock( timeOut );
         try
         {
            
            // It is safe for this thread to read from
            // the shared resource.
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resource
 ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );
         }
         finally
         {
            
            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseReaderLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {
         
         // The reader lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( readerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
   // how to handle time-outs.
   static void WriteToResource( int
 timeOut )
   {
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireWriterLock( timeOut );
         try
         {
            
            // It is safe for this thread to read or write
            // from the shared resource.
            resource = rnd->Next( 500 );
            Display( String::Format( "writes resource value {0}", resource
 ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( writes );
         }
         finally
         {
            
            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseWriterLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {
         
         // The writer lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( writerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
   // reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
   // reader lock again.
   static void UpgradeDowngrade( int
 timeOut )
   {
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireReaderLock( timeOut );
         try
         {
            
            // It is safe for this thread to read from
            // the shared resource.
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resource
 ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );
            
            // If it is necessary to write to the resource,
            // you must either release the reader lock and 
            // then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
            // reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
            // puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
            // other threads that might be waiting for the 
            // writer lock.
            try
            {
               LockCookie lc = rwl->UpgradeToWriterLock( timeOut );
               try
               {
                  
                  // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                  // from the shared resource.
                  resource = rnd->Next( 500 );
                  Display( String::Format( "writes resource value {0}", resource
 ) );
                  Interlocked::Increment( writes );
               }
               finally
               {
                  
                  // Ensure that the lock is released.
                  rwl->DowngradeFromWriterLock( lc );
               }

            }
            catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
            {
               
               // The upgrade request timed out.
               Interlocked::Increment( writerTimeouts );
            }

            
            // When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
            // still safe to read from the resource.
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resource
 ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );
         }
         finally
         {
            
            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseReaderLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {
         
         // The reader lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( readerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Shows how to release all locks and later restore
   // the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
   // to determine whether another thread has obtained
   // a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
   // resource.
   static void ReleaseRestore( int
 timeOut )
   {
      int lastWriter;
      try
      {
         rwl->AcquireReaderLock( timeOut );
         try
         {
            
            // It is safe for this thread to read from
            // the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
            // might do this if reading the resource is
            // an expensive operation.)
            int resourceValue = resource;
            Display( String::Format( "reads resource value {0}", resourceValue
 ) );
            Interlocked::Increment( reads );
            
            // Save the current writer sequence number.
            lastWriter = rwl->WriterSeqNum;
            
            // Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
            // lock can be restored later.
            LockCookie lc = rwl->ReleaseLock();
            
            // Wait for a random interval (up to a 
            // quarter of a second), and then restore
            // the previous state of the lock. Note that
            // there is no timeout on the Restore method.
            Thread::Sleep( rnd->Next( 250 ) );
            rwl->RestoreLock( lc );
            
            // Check whether other threads obtained the
            // writer lock in the interval. If not, then
            // the cached value of the resource is still
            // valid.
            if ( rwl->AnyWritersSince( lastWriter ) )
            {
               resourceValue = resource;
               Interlocked::Increment( reads );
               Display( String::Format( "resource has changed {0}", resourceValue
 ) );
            }
            else
            {
               Display( String::Format( "resource has not changed {0}",
 resourceValue ) );
            }
         }
         finally
         {
            
            // Ensure that the lock is released.
            rwl->ReleaseReaderLock();
         }

      }
      catch ( ApplicationException^ ) 
      {
         
         // The reader lock request timed out.
         Interlocked::Increment( readerTimeouts );
      }

   }


   // Helper method briefly displays the most recent
   // thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
   // get a better idea of throughput.
   static void Display( String^ msg )
   {
      Console::Write( "Thread {0} {1}.       \r", Thread::CurrentThread->Name,
 msg );
   }

};


int main()
{
   array<String^>^args = Environment::GetCommandLineArgs();
   
   // Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
   // performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
   array<Thread^>^t = gcnew array<Thread^>(Test::numThreads);
   for ( int i = 0; i < Test::numThreads;
 i++ )
   {
      t[ i ] = gcnew Thread( gcnew ThreadStart( Test::ThreadProc ) );
      t[ i ]->Name = gcnew String( Convert::ToChar( i + 65 ),1 );
      t[ i ]->Start();
      if ( i > 10 )
            Thread::Sleep( 300 );

   }
   
   // Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
   // finish.
   Test::running = false;
   for ( int i = 0; i < Test::numThreads;
 i++ )
   {
      t[ i ]->Join();

   }
   
   // Display statistics.
   Console::WriteLine( "\r\n {0} reads, {1} writes, {2} reader time-outs, {3}
 writer time-outs.", Test::reads, Test::writes, Test::readerTimeouts, Test::writerTimeouts
 );
   Console::WriteLine( "Press ENTER to exit." );
   Console::ReadLine();
   return 0;
}

// This example shows a ReaderWriterLock protecting a shared
// resource that is read concurrently and written exclusively
// by multiple threads.

// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
import System.*;
import System.Threading.*;
import System.Threading.Thread;    

public class Test
{
    // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    // makes it visible to all threads.
    private static ReaderWriterLock rwl = new
 ReaderWriterLock();

    // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    private static int resource
 = 0;
    private static int numThreads
 = 26;
    private static boolean running = true;
    private static Random rnd = new
 Random();

    // Statistics.
    private static int readerTimeouts
 = 0;
    private static int writerTimeouts
 = 0;
    private static int reads
 = 0;
    private static int writes
 = 0;

    public static void main(String[]
 args)
    {
        // Start a series of threads. Each thread randomly
        // performs reads and writes on the shared resource.
        Thread t[] = new Thread[numThreads];

        for (int i = 0; i < numThreads;
 i++) {
            t[i] = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ThreadProc));
            t[i].set_Name(new String(Convert.ToChar((i + 65)),
 1));
            t[i].Start();
            if (i > 10) {
                Thread.Sleep(300);
        }
    } //main

    // Tell the threads to shut down, then wait until they all
    // finish.
    running = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++)
 {
        t[i].Join();
    }

    // Display statistics.
    Console.WriteLine("\r\n{0} reads, {1} writes, {2} reader time-outs,"
 
        + " {3} writer time-outs.",
        new Object[] { (Int32)(reads), (Int32)(writes), 
        (Int32)(readerTimeouts), (Int32)(writerTimeouts) });
    Console.WriteLine("Press ENTER to exit.");
    Console.ReadLine();
} //Test


    static void ThreadProc()
    {
        // As long as a thread runs, it randomly selects
        // various ways to read and write from the shared 
        // resource. Each of the methods demonstrates one 
        // or more features of ReaderWriterLock.
        while (running) {
            double action = rnd.NextDouble();

            if (action < 0.8) {
                ReadFromResource(10);
            }
            else {
                if (action < 0.81) {
                    ReleaseRestore(50);
                }
                else {
                    if (action < 0.9) {
                        UpgradeDowngrade(100);
                    }
                    else {
                        WriteToResource(100);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } //ThreadProc

    // Shows how to request and release a reader lock, and
    // how to handle time-outs.
    static void ReadFromResource(int
 timeOut)
    {
        try {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource.
                Display(("reads resource value " + resource));
                Interlocked.Increment(reads);
            }
            finally {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException exp) {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts);
        }
    } //ReadFromResource

    // Shows how to request and release the writer lock, and
    // how to handle time-outs.
    static void WriteToResource(int
 timeOut)
    {
        try {
            rwl.AcquireWriterLock(timeOut);
            try {
                // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                // from the shared resource.
                resource = rnd.Next(500);
                Display(("writes resource value " + resource));
                Interlocked.Increment(writes);
            }
            finally {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseWriterLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException exp) {
            // The writer lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(writerTimeouts);
        }
    } //WriteToResource

    // Shows how to request a reader lock, upgrade the
    // reader lock to the writer lock, and downgrade to a
    // reader lock again.
    static void UpgradeDowngrade(int
 timeOut)
    {
        try {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource.
                Display(("reads resource value " + resource));
                Interlocked.Increment(reads);

                // If it is necessary to write to the resource,
                // you must either release the reader lock and 
                // then request the writer lock, or upgrade the
                // reader lock. Note that upgrading the reader lock
                // puts the thread in the write queue, behind any
                // other threads that might be waiting for the 
                // writer lock.
                try {
                    LockCookie lc = rwl.UpgradeToWriterLock(timeOut);

                    try {
                        // It is safe for this thread to read or write
                        // from the shared resource.
                        resource = rnd.Next(500);
                        Display(("writes resource value " + resource));
                        Interlocked.Increment(writes);
                    }
                    finally {
                        // Ensure that the lock is released.
                        rwl.DowngradeFromWriterLock(lc);
                    }
                }
                catch (ApplicationException exp) {
                    // The upgrade request timed out.
                    Interlocked.Increment(writerTimeouts);
                }

                // When the lock has been downgraded, it is 
                // still safe to read from the resource.
                Display(("reads resource value " + resource));
                Interlocked.Increment(reads);
            }
            finally {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException exp) {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts);
        }
    } //UpgradeDowngrade


    // Shows how to release all locks and later restore
    // the lock state. Shows how to use sequence numbers
    // to determine whether another thread has obtained
    // a writer lock since this thread last accessed the
    // resource.
    static void ReleaseRestore(int
 timeOut)
    {
        int lastWriter;

        try {
            rwl.AcquireReaderLock(timeOut);
            try {
                // It is safe for this thread to read from
                // the shared resource. Cache the value. (You
                // might do this if reading the resource is
                // an expensive operation.)
                int resourceValue = resource;

                Display(("reads resource value " + resourceValue));
                Interlocked.Increment(reads);

                // Save the current writer sequence number.
                lastWriter = rwl.get_WriterSeqNum();

                // Release the lock, and save a cookie so the
                // lock can be restored later.
                LockCookie lc = rwl.ReleaseLock();

                // Wait for a random interval (up to a 
                // quarter of a second), and then restore
                // the previous state of the lock. Note that
                // there is no time-out on the Restore method.
                Thread.Sleep(rnd.Next(250));
                rwl.RestoreLock(lc);

                // Check whether other threads obtained the
                // writer lock in the interval. If not, then
                // the cached value of the resource is still
                // valid.
                if (rwl.AnyWritersSince(lastWriter)) {
                    resourceValue = resource;
                    Interlocked.Increment(reads);
                    Display(("resource has changed " + resourceValue));
                }
                else {
                    Display(("resource has not changed " + resourceValue));
                }
            }
            finally {
                // Ensure that the lock is released.
                rwl.ReleaseReaderLock();
            }
        }
        catch (ApplicationException exp) {
            // The reader lock request timed out.
            Interlocked.Increment(readerTimeouts);
        }
    } //ReleaseRestore

    // Helper method briefly displays the most recent
    // thread action. Comment out calls to Display to 
    // get a better idea of throughput.
    static void Display(String msg)
    {
        Console.Write("Thread {0} {1}.       \r",
            Thread.get_CurrentThread().get_Name(), msg);
    } //Display
}
継承階層継承階層
System.Object
   System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution.CriticalFinalizerObject
    System.Threading.ReaderWriterLock
スレッド セーフスレッド セーフ

この型は、マルチスレッド操作に対して安全です。

プラットフォームプラットフォーム
バージョン情報バージョン情報
参照参照

ReaderWriterLock コンストラクタ

ReaderWriterLock クラス新しインスタンス初期化します。

名前空間: System.Threading
アセンブリ: mscorlib (mscorlib.dll 内)
構文構文

Dim instance As New ReaderWriterLock
public ReaderWriterLock ()
public:
ReaderWriterLock ()
public ReaderWriterLock ()
public function ReaderWriterLock ()
使用例使用例
' The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
' class topic.
Imports System
Imports System.Threading
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic

Public Class Test
    ' Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    ' makes it visible to all threads.
    Private Shared rwl As
 New ReaderWriterLock()
    ' For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    ' ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    Private Shared resource As
 Integer = 0
<br /><span space="preserve">...</span><br
 />End Class 'Test 
// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
using System;
using System.Threading;

public class Test
{
    // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    // makes it visible to all threads.
    static ReaderWriterLock rwl = new ReaderWriterLock();
    // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    static int resource = 0;
<br /><span space="preserve">...</span><br />}
// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Threading;
public ref class Test
{
public:

   // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
   // makes it visible to all threads.
   static ReaderWriterLock^ rwl = gcnew ReaderWriterLock;

   // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
   // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
   static int resource = 0;

<br /><span space="preserve">...</span><br />};


// The complete code is located in the ReaderWriterLock
// class topic.
import System.*;
import System.Threading.*;
import System.Threading.Thread;    

public class Test
{
    // Declaring the ReaderWriterLock at the class level
    // makes it visible to all threads.
    private static ReaderWriterLock rwl = new
 ReaderWriterLock();

    // For this example, the shared resource protected by the
    // ReaderWriterLock is just an integer.
    private static int resource
 = 0;
<br /><span space="preserve">...</span><br />}
プラットフォームプラットフォーム
バージョン情報バージョン情報
参照参照

ReaderWriterLock プロパティ


ReaderWriterLock メソッド


パブリック メソッドパブリック メソッド

  名前 説明
パブリック メソッド AcquireReaderLock オーバーロードされますリーダー ロック取得します
パブリック メソッド AcquireWriterLock オーバーロードされますライタ ロック取得します
パブリック メソッド AnyWritersSince シーケンス番号取得後ライタ ロック取得したスレッドあったかどうかを示します
パブリック メソッド DowngradeFromWriterLock スレッドロック ステータスを、UpgradeToWriterLock を呼び出す前の状態に復元します。
パブリック メソッド Equals  オーバーロードされます2 つObject インスタンス等しかどうか判断します。 ( Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド GetHashCode  特定の型のハッシュ関数として機能します。GetHashCode は、ハッシュ アルゴリズムや、ハッシュ テーブルのようなデータ構造での使用適してます。 ( Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド GetType  現在のインスタンスType取得します。 ( Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド ReferenceEquals  指定した複数Object インスタンス同一かどうか判断します。 ( Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド ReleaseLock スレッドロック取得した回数に関係なく、ロック解放します。
パブリック メソッド ReleaseReaderLock ロック カウントデクリメントます。
パブリック メソッド ReleaseWriterLock ライタ ロックロック カウントデクリメントます。
パブリック メソッド RestoreLock スレッドロック ステータスを、ReleaseLock を呼び出す前の状態に復元します。
パブリック メソッド ToString  現在の Object を表す String返します。 ( Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド UpgradeToWriterLock オーバーロードされますリーダー ロックライタ ロックアップグレードます。
参照参照

関連項目

ReaderWriterLock クラス
System.Threading 名前空間

その他の技術情報

マネージ スレッド処理
読み取り/書き込みロック

ReaderWriterLock メンバ

単一ライタ複数リーダーサポートするロック定義します

ReaderWriterLock データ型公開されるメンバを以下の表に示します


パブリック コンストラクタパブリック コンストラクタ
  名前 説明
パブリック メソッド ReaderWriterLock ReaderWriterLock クラス新しインスタンス初期化します。
パブリック プロパティパブリック プロパティ
パブリック メソッドパブリック メソッド
  名前 説明
パブリック メソッド AcquireReaderLock オーバーロードされますリーダー ロック取得します
パブリック メソッド AcquireWriterLock オーバーロードされますライタ ロック取得します
パブリック メソッド AnyWritersSince シーケンス番号取得後ライタ ロック取得したスレッドあったかどうかを示します
パブリック メソッド DowngradeFromWriterLock スレッドロック ステータスを、UpgradeToWriterLock を呼び出す前の状態に復元します。
パブリック メソッド Equals  オーバーロードされます2 つObject インスタンス等しかどうか判断します。 (Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド GetHashCode  特定の型のハッシュ関数として機能します。GetHashCode は、ハッシュ アルゴリズムや、ハッシュ テーブルのようなデータ構造での使用適してます。 (Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド GetType  現在のインスタンスType取得します。 (Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド ReferenceEquals  指定した複数Object インスタンス同一かどうか判断します。 (Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド ReleaseLock スレッドロック取得した回数に関係なく、ロック解放します。
パブリック メソッド ReleaseReaderLock ロック カウントデクリメントます。
パブリック メソッド ReleaseWriterLock ライタ ロックロック カウントデクリメントます。
パブリック メソッド RestoreLock スレッドロック ステータスを、ReleaseLock を呼び出す前の状態に復元します。
パブリック メソッド ToString  現在の Object を表す String返します。 (Object から継承されます。)
パブリック メソッド UpgradeToWriterLock オーバーロードされますリーダー ロックライタ ロックアップグレードます。
参照参照

関連項目

ReaderWriterLock クラス
System.Threading 名前空間

その他の技術情報

マネージ スレッド処理
読み取り/書き込みロック


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