地球球体説とは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

地球球体説

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/01/19 07:27 UTC 版)

地球球体説（ちきゅうきゅうたいせつ、英: Spherical Earth）とは、地（大地）は球体である、とする説、考え方のことである。英語 Earth を「地球」と訳すのが一般的である日本語としてはぎこちなくなっている面があり、大地球体説（だいちきゅうたいせつ）または大地球形説（だいちきゅうけいせつ）としたほうが古代に唱えられた説の感覚に近い。

脚注

注釈

^ 英語でEarthは「地」「大地」「土」といった意味。ラテン語のterraに相当。とりあえず形状は明示していない用語・概念。日本語で「地球」と言ってしまうとすでに「球」という概念が入ってしまっており、結論を先取りしてしまっている。英語でglobeと言うとかなり球体を意識した「地」、地球、となる。
^ 大地は平らだという説

出典

^ Dicks, D.R. (1970). Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 72–198. ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7
^ ^a ^b Continuation into Roman and medieval thought: Reinhard Krüger: "Materialien und Dokumente zur mittelalterlichen Erdkugeltheorie von der Spätantike bis zur Kolumbusfahrt (1492)"
^ ^a ^b Direct adoption of the Greek concept by Islam: Ragep, F. Jamil: "Astronomy", in: Krämer, Gudrun (ed.) et al.: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Brill 2010, without page numbers
^ ^a ^b Direct adoption by India: D. Pingree: "History of Mathematical Astronomy in India", Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 15 (1978), pp. 533−633 (554f.); Glick, Thomas F., Livesey, Steven John, Wallis, Faith (eds.): "Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia", Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, p. 463
^ ^a ^b Adoption by China via European science: Jean-Claude Martzloff, “Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, Chinese Science 11 (1993-94): 66–92 (69) and Christopher Cullen, "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮南子", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1 (1976), pp. 106–127 (107)
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^ See figure of the Earth and Earth radius for details. Recent measurements from satellites suggest that the Earth is, in fact, slightly pear-shaped. Hugh Thurston, Early Astronomy, (New York: Springer-Verlag), p. 119. ISBN 0-387-94107-X.
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^ Otto E. Neugebauer (1975). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Birkhäuser. pp. 575–6. ISBN 3-540-06995-X
^ ^a ^b Dicks, D.R. (1970). Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7
^ ^a ^b Charles H. Kahn, (2001), Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: a brief history, page 53. Hackett
^
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^ Hugh Thurston, Early Astronomy, (New York: Springer-Verlag), p. 118. ISBN 0-387-94107-X.
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^ Glick, Thomas F., Livesey, Steven John, Wallis, Faith (eds.): "Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia", Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 0-415-96930-1, p. 463
^ Aryabhata_I biography. http://www.gongol.com/research/math/aryabhatiya The Aryabhatiya: Foundations of Indian Mathematics
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^ Isidore, Etymologiae, XIV.ii.1 [3]; Wesley M. Stevens, "The Figure of the Earth in Isidore's De natura rerum", Isis, 71(1980): 268-277.
^ Referring to the five circles in De Natura Rerum X 5: "The explanation of the passage and of the figure which illustrates it seems to be that Isidore accepted the terminology of the spherical earth from Hyginus without taking the time to understand it—if indeed he had the ability to do so—and applied it without compunction to the flat earth." Ernest Brehaut (1912). Encyclopedist of the Flat Earth. p. 30 J. Fontaine refers to this passage as a "scientific absurdity".Isidore of Seville (1960). J. Fontaine. ed. Traité de la Nature. p. 16
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^ Ælfric of Eynsham, On the Seasons of the Year, Peter Baker, trans
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^ Olaf Pedersen, "In Quest of Sacrobosco", Journal for the History of Astronomy, 16(1985): 175-221
^ ^a ^b Ragep, F. Jamil: "Astronomy", in: Krämer, Gudrun (ed.) et al.: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Brill 2010, without page numbers
^ Muhammad Hamidullah. L'Islam et son impulsion scientifique originelle, Tiers-Monde, 1982, vol. 23, n° 92, p. 789.
^ David A. King, Astronomy in the Service of Islam, (Aldershot (U.K.): Variorum), 1993.
^ Gharā'ib al-funūn wa-mulah al-`uyūn (The Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes), 2.1 "On the mensuration of the Earth and its division into seven climes, as related by Ptolemy and others," (ff. 22b-23a)[3]
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^ James S. Aber (2003). Alberuni calculated the Earth's circumference at a small town of Pind Dadan Khan, District Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan.Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, Emporia State University.
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^ Beatrice Lumpkin (1997). Geometry Activities from Many Cultures. Walch Publishing. pp. 60 & 112–3. ISBN 0-8251-3285-1 [4]
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^ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., “Al-Biruni”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
^ Nowell, Charles E. ed. (1962). Magellan's Voyage around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. Evanston: NU Press.
^ Joseph Jacobs(2006), "The story of geographical discovery" p.90
^ “Jean-Claude Martzloff, "Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", Chinese Science 11 (1993-94): 66-92 (69)” (PDF). 2011年1月20日閲覧。^{[リンク切れ]}
^ Christopher Cullen, “Joseph Needham on Chinese Astronomy”, Past and Present, No. 87. (May, 1980), pp. 39–53 (42 & 49)
^ Christopher Cullen, "A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮南子", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 39, No. 1 (1976), pp. 106–127 (107-109)
^ 板倉聖宣 1983, p. 23.
^ ^a ^b 板倉聖宣 1993a, p. 26.
^ 板倉聖宣, p. 25.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993a, p. 24-25.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993a, pp. 26–27.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993a, pp. 27–28.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993b, p. 29.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993b, p. 31.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993b, pp. 80–81.
^ 板倉聖宣 1993b, p. 81.
^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJFMO4BQgbM