パトリオット法とは? わかりやすく解説

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米国愛国者法

(パトリオット法 から転送)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/06/01 15:27 UTC 版)

米国愛国者法(べいこくあいこくしゃほう、: USA PATRIOT Act)は、2001年10月26日、ジョージ・W・ブッシュ大統領によって署名され、発効したアメリカ合衆国議会制定法である。法律の頭字語の10文字(USA PATRIOT)は2001年のテロリズムの阻止と回避のために必要かつ適切な手段を提供することによりアメリカを統合し強化するための法律: Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 公立法107-56)を意味する。通称愛国者法: Patriot Act)としても知られる。[1]


  1. ^ 米国法令の日本語表記や条文の日本語訳は原則として次のものによった。 平野美惠子、土屋恵司、中川かおり (Nov. 2002). “米国愛国者法 (反テロ法) (上)” (PDF). 外国の立法 (国立国会図書館) (214): オンライン版. ISSN 1349-2071. オリジナルの2007年10月1日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20071001032146/http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/data/publication/legis/214/21401.pdf 2007年8月24日閲覧。.  平野美惠子、土屋恵司、中川かおり (Feb. 2003). “米国愛国者法 (反テロ法) (下)” (PDF). 外国の立法 (国立国会図書館) (215): オンライン版. ISSN 1349-2071. オリジナルの2007年9月30日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181442/http://www.ndl.go.jp/jp/data/publication/legis/215/21501.pdf 2007年8月24日閲覧。. 
  2. ^ a b PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011
  3. ^ a b Obama Signs Last-Minute Patriot Act Extension”. Fox News (2011年5月27日). 2011年5月27日閲覧。
  4. ^ a b Mascaro, Lisa (2011年5月27日). “Congress votes in time to extend key Patriot Act provisions”. Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-patriot-act-20110527,0,7749454.story 2011年5月27日閲覧。 
  5. ^ “「米国自由法」可決 NSAの情報収集活動に制限”. CNN. (2015年6月3日). https://www.cnn.co.jp/usa/35065388.html 2021年8月12日閲覧。 
  6. ^ Sharon Bradford Franklin (2019年3月28日). “Fulfilling the Promise of the USA Freedom Act: Time to Truly End Bulk Collection of Americans’ Calling Records”. JUST SECURITY. 2021年8月12日閲覧。
  7. ^ Department of Justice Web site”. 2010年1月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  8. ^ Archived 2009年3月4日, at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ Abramson, Larry. "The Patriot Act: Alleged Abuses of the Law." NPR.org. July 20, 2005. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
  10. ^ Reardon, Marguerite and Declan McCullagh. "ACLU Challenges Patriot Act". News.com, November 2, 2005. Retrieved on April 9, 2007.
  11. ^ "Bill Summary & Status 107th Congress (2001 - 2002)H.R.3162 Major Congressional Actions", thomas.loc.gov Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  12. ^ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 398", clerk.house.gov. Oct 24, 2001. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  13. ^ "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 107th Congress - 1st Session", www.senate.gov. Oct 25, 2001. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  14. ^ "Safe Act Co-Sponsors say PATRIOT Act Conference Report Unacceptable", Washington Times, November 5, 2005.
  15. ^ Full Text of Enrolled Bill H.R. 3162, GovTrack.us
  16. ^ H.R. 2975, THOMAS
  17. ^ 2001 Congressional Record, Vol. 147, Page S11020 (October 25, 2001)
  18. ^ 2001 Congressional Record, Vol. 147, Page S11021 (October 25, 2001)
  19. ^ a b 2001 Congressional Record, Vol. 147, Page S11022 (October 25, 2001)
  20. ^ S. 1510, THOMAS
  21. ^ H.R. 3162, THOMAS
  22. ^ a b 2001 Congressional Record, Vol. 147, Page S10991 (October 25, 2001)
  23. ^ “'Trust me' just doesn't fly”. USA Today. (2005年4月12日). http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/2005-04-12-patriot-act-our_x.htm 2008年7月11日閲覧. "The conspiracies indictment disclosed Tuesday of three men already awaiting trial in England is a reminder that terrorism is a real threat, and most of the law is non-controversial." 
  24. ^ Steranko, Anastasia (2003年9月19日). “PATRIOT Act inspires discussion of civil liberties”. The Pitt News. オリジナルの2008年2月25日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20080225235522/http://media.www.pittnews.com/media/storage/paper879/news/2003/09/19/News/Patriot.Act.Inspires.Discussion.Of.Civil.Liberties-1791796.shtml?sourcedomain=www.pittnews.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  25. ^ Haigh, Anna (2004年2月13日). “Debate around Patriot Act increases”. News (The Daily Pennsylvanian). オリジナルの2008年3月7日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20080307124114/http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2004/02/13/News/Debate.Around.Patriot.Act.Increases-2152367.shtml?sourcedomain=www.dailypennsylvanian.com&MIIHost=media.collegepublisher.com 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  26. ^ THOMAS, S.1552.
  27. ^ H.R. 3171, THOMAS
  28. ^ S.1709, THOMAS
  29. ^ PBS (February 7, 2007), Now with Bill Moyers, transcript.
  30. ^ EFF Analysis of "Patriot II," Provisions of the Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003, Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
  31. ^ Control Sheet of the "Domestic Security Enhancement Act of 2003"” (PDF). 2007年7月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年12月12日閲覧。. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
  32. ^ Singel, Ryan (2003年3月12日). “A Chilly Response to 'Patriot II'”. Politics : Law (Wired News). http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2003/02/57636 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  33. ^ United States Department of Justice (February 7, 2007), Statement of Barbara Comstock, Director of Public Affairs
  34. ^ 2001 Congressional Record, Vol. 147, Page S9368 (September 11, 2001)
  35. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1002.
  36. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 218.
  37. ^ Andrew C. McCarthy, "Why Section 218 Should be Retained" アーカイブ 2005年4月8日 - ウェイバックマシン. Retrieved January 23, 2006. The Patriot Debates.
  38. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 214.
  39. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 207.
  40. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 203.
  41. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 216.
  42. ^ Analysis of Specific USA PATRIOT Act Provisions: Pen Registers, the Internet and Carnivore, Electronic Privacy Information Center. Accessed December 4, 2005.
  43. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 219.
  44. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 204 & 209.
  45. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 217.
  46. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 211.
  47. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 210.
  48. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 212.
  49. ^ Field Guidance on New Authorities (Redacted), Federal Bureau of Investigation (hosted by the Electronic Privacy Information Center). Retrieved September 24, 2007.
  50. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 213.
  51. ^ a b Singel, Ryan (2007年9月26日). “Court Strikes Down 2 Key Patriot Act Provisions”. Surveillance, The Courts (Wired). http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/09/court-strikes-2.html 
  52. ^ a b Keller, Susan Jo (2007年9月27日). “Judge Rules Provisions in Patriot Act to Be Illegal”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/27/washington/27patriot.html?ref=us 
  53. ^ United States Department of Justice, The USA PATRIOT Act: Preserving Life and Liberty アーカイブ 2009年3月9日 - ウェイバックマシン, pg. 2. Retrieved September 24, 2007.
  54. ^ James Dempsey, "Why Section 206 Should be Modified" アーカイブ 2007年1月13日 - ウェイバックマシン (undated), accessed January 7, 2006.
  55. ^ a b Let the Sun Set on PATRIOT - Section 206”. Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2006年6月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年12月21日閲覧。
  56. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 215.
  57. ^ Phillips, Heather A., "Libraries and National Security Law: An Examination of the USA Patriot Act". Progressive Librarian, Vol. 25, Summer 2005”. Papers.ssrn.com. 2012年5月16日閲覧。
  58. ^ American Library Association, Resolution on the USA PATRIOT Act and Libraries, enacted June 29, 2005
  59. ^ Mac Donald, Heather (Summer 2003). “Straight Talk on Homeland Security”. City Journal. http://www.city-journal.org/html/13_3_straight_talk.html 
  60. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 208.
  61. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 221.
  62. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 205.
  63. ^ O'Harrow, Jr., Robert (2002年10月27日). “Six Weeks in Autumn”. The Washington Post: p. W06. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A1999-2002Oct22&notFound=true 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  64. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 224.
  65. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 311.
  66. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 314.
  67. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 317.
  68. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 312, 313, 319 & 325.
  69. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 327.
  70. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 313.
  71. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 312.
  72. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 319.
  73. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 325.
  74. ^ Amendment made to 18 U.S.C. § 1956(c)(7)(B)(ii)—for some reason an extra parenthesis was inserted into 18 U.S.C. § 1956(c)(7)(B)(iii), according to Cornell University, this was probably mistakenly added by law makers
  75. ^ Illegal export of controlled munitions is defined in the United States Munitions List, which is part of the Arms Export Control Act (合衆国法典第22編第2778条 22 U.S.C. § 2778)
  76. ^ See 18 U.S.C. § 922(l) and 18 U.S.C. § 925(d)
  77. ^ Defined in 15 CFR 730–774
  78. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 315.
  79. ^ Defined in 合衆国法典第18編第541条 18 U.S.C. § 541
  80. ^ Defined in 合衆国法典第18編第1030条 18 U.S.C. § 1030
  81. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 320. Amended 18 U.S.C. § 981(A)(1)(B)
  82. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 323. Amended 合衆国法典第28編第2467条 28 U.S.C. § 2467
  83. ^ Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 983(j)
  84. ^ 28 U.S.C. § 2467(d)(3)(A)
  85. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 328.
  86. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle A, Sec. 330.
  87. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 356.
  88. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 365.
  89. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 359.
  90. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 352, 354 & 365.
  91. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 361.
  92. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 362.
  93. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 352.
  94. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 354.
  95. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 353.
  96. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 364.
  97. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle B, Sec. 360.
  98. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle C, Sec. 371.
  99. ^ So defined in 合衆国法典第31編第5313条 31 U.S.C. § 5313, 合衆国法典第31編第5316条 31 U.S.C. § 5316 and 合衆国法典第31編第5324条 31 U.S.C. § 5324
  100. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle C, Sec. 372. Amended 31 U.S.C. § 5317(c)
  101. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle C, Sec. 371. Amended 合衆国法典第18編第1960条 18 U.S.C. § 1960
  102. ^ “The Patriot Act: Justice Department Claims Success”. National Public Radio. (2005年7月20日). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4756706 
  103. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle C, Sec. 374. Amended 合衆国法典第18編第1960条 18 U.S.C. § 1960
  104. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle C, Sec. 376. Amended 18 U.S.C. § 1956(c)(7)(D)
  105. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title III, Subtitle C, Sec. 377.
  106. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle A, Sec. 401.
  107. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle A, Sec. 402.
  108. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle A, Sec. 404. Amended the Department of Justice Appropriations Act, 2001.
  109. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle A, Sec. 403. Amends 合衆国法典第8編第1105条 8 U.S.C. § 1105
  110. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle A, Sec. 405.
  111. ^ NIST Image Group's Fingerprint Research アーカイブ 2007年12月26日 - ウェイバックマシン, see the section "NIST Patriot Act Work" (accessed June 28, 2006)
  112. ^ a b c d USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle B, Sec. 411.
  113. ^ As specified in section 140(d)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989; see 22 U.S.C. § 2656f(d)(2)
  114. ^ a b c d e USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle B, Sec. 412. A new section was created by the Act—合衆国法典第8編第1226a条 8 U.S.C. § 1226a
  115. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle B, Sec. 414.
  116. ^ 8 U.S.C. § 1372(a)
  117. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle B, Sec. 416.
  118. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle B, Sec. 417.
  119. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle B, Sec. 418.
  120. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IV, Subtitle C.
  121. ^ Office of Patrick Leahy, USA PATRIOT Act Section-by-section analysis アーカイブ 2010年2月13日 - ウェイバックマシン
  122. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 501.
  123. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 502. Amended 22 U.S.C. § 2708(b)(5)
  124. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 502. Amended 22 U.S.C. § 2708(b)(6)
  125. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 502. Amended 22 U.S.C. § 2708(e)(1)
  126. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 503. Amended 42 U.S.C. § 14135a(d)(2)
  127. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 503. Amended 合衆国法典第50編第1825条 50 U.S.C. § 1825
  128. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 506.
  129. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 507.
  130. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title V, Sec 505. Amended 18 U.S.C. § 2709(b); Section 1114(a)(5)(A) of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C. § 3414(a)(5)(A)) and Section 624 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (合衆国法典第15編第1681u条 15 U.S.C. § 1681u).
  131. ^ a b c Doe v. Ashcroft, 334 F.Supp.2d 471 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) source
  132. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177) Title I, Sec. 115 & 116
  133. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VI, Subtitle A, Sec. 611.
  134. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VI, Subtitle A, Sec. 614.
  135. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VI, Subtitle B, Sec. 621
  136. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VI, Subtitle B, Sec. 622.
  137. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VI, Subtitle B, Sec. 623. Amended 42 U.S.C. § 10603(b)(1)
  138. ^ 合衆国法典第42編第10603b条 42 U.S.C. § 10603b
  139. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VI, Subtitle B, Sec. 624.
  140. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 802.
  141. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 813. Amended 18 U.S.C. § 1961(1)
  142. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 814. Amended 18 U.S.C. § 1030(e)
  143. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 801.
  144. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 817.
  145. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 803. Created 合衆国法典第18編第2339条 18 U.S.C. § 2339
  146. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 806. Amends 合衆国法典第18編第981条 18 U.S.C. § 981
  147. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Section 805(a)(2)(B).
  148. ^ a b Humanitarian Law Project et al. v. John Ashcroft, Findlaw
  149. ^ a b "Key Patriot Act provision ruled unconstitutional under the First Amendment" (Press release). Humanitarian Law Project. 26 January 2004. 2008年7月11日閲覧January 26, 2004: The Center for Constitutional Rights announced today that a federal court in Los Angeles has declared unconstitutional a provision of the USA PATRIOT Act, enacted six weeks after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This is the first judicial ruling in the country declaring part of the USA PATRIOT Act unconstitutional. In a decision issued late Friday, U.S. District Judge Audrey Collins ruled that a ban on providing "expert advice and assistance" to terrorist groups violates the First and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution because it is so vague that it "could be construed to include unequivocally pure speech and advocacy protected by the First Amendment."
  150. ^ a b Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (U.S. S. 2845, Public Law 108-458), Title VI, Subtitle F, Sec. 6603.
  151. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 814.
  152. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 816.
  153. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IX, Sec. 901.
  154. ^ a b USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IX, Sec. 903.
  155. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IX, Sec. 906.
  156. ^ Senate Report 107-149 – "To authorize appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003 for Intelligence and Intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Disability System, and for other purposes.", see the section "National Virtual Translation Center"
  157. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IX, Sec. 907.
  158. ^ Senate Report 107-149 – "To authorize appropriations for Fiscal Year 2003 for Intelligence and Intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Disability System, and for other purposes.", see the section "Foreign Terrorist Asset Tracking Center"
  159. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IX, Sec. 904.
  160. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title IX, Sec. 908.
  161. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1012.
  162. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1001.
  163. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1003.
  164. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1004.
  165. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1006.
  166. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1005.
  167. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1007.
  168. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1008.
  169. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1009.
  170. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1010.
  171. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1011 (a).
  172. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1011 (b).
  173. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title X, Sec. 1011 (c).
  174. ^ アーカイブされたコピー”. 2007年8月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  175. ^ "Senate gives Patriot Act six more months". CNN.com, December 22, 2005. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
  176. ^ "SAFE Act Co-Sponsors say PATRIOT Act Conference Report Unacceptable."”. 2007年12月23日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  177. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title II ("Terrorist Death Penalty Enhancement")
  178. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title III ("Reducing Crime and Terrorism at America's Seaports")
  179. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title IV ("Combating Terrorism Financing")
  180. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177) Title VI ("Secret Service")
  181. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title VII ("Combating Methamphetamine Epedemic Act of 2005")
  182. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 106
  183. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. S. 2271, Public Law 109-178), Sec. 3.
  184. ^ The reauthorization of the Patriot Act Feb 2010 http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2010/0301/Obama-signs-Patriot-Act-extension-without-reforms/
  185. ^ Obama signs one year extension of Patriot Act http://www.clevelandleader.com/node/13183
  186. ^ Democratic Underground - Obama signs Patriot Act http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=102x4287047
  187. ^ Sections of the Patriot act that will remain as of Feb 2010 http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/02/27/obama-signs-year-extension-patriot-act/
  188. ^ a b c Breshahan, Jake; Cogan, Marin (2011年2月8日). “Rank-and-file take down Patriot Act in House”. Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0211/49126.html 
  189. ^ actions”. Thomas.loc.gov. 2012年5月16日閲覧。
  190. ^ Letter to Obama” (PDF). CBS News (2011年6月17日). 2012年11月4日閲覧。
  191. ^ Republicans protest Obama signing bill with autopen”. USA Today (2011年6月17日). 2013年12月12日閲覧。
  192. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 115
  193. ^ a b USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 116
  194. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. S. 2271, Public Law 109-178), Sec. 4.
  195. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. S. 2271, Public Law 109-178), Sec. 5.
  196. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 118
  197. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 108
  198. ^ American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU Letter to Congress Urging A "No" Vote On the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act Conference Report (December 12, 2005), accessed on October 6, 2007.
  199. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 114
  200. ^ Singel, Ryan (2007年9月26日). “Court Strikes Down 2 Key Patriot Act Provisions | Threat Level”. Wired.com. http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2007/09/court-strikes-2/ 2012年5月16日閲覧。 
  201. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 107
  202. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 109
  203. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 105
  204. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 104
  205. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 112
  206. ^ Yeah, Brian T.; Doyle, Charles (December 21, 2006) (PDF). USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005: A Legal Analysis. Congressional Research Service. p. 24. http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/78416.pdf 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  207. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 110
  208. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 111.
  209. ^ USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 (U.S. H.R. 3199, Public Law 109-177), Title I, Sec. 127.
  210. ^ ACLU Demands Surveillance Data
  211. ^ Rights Groups Fight Vague Basis of ‘Sneak and Peak’ Powers
  212. ^ Libraries post Patriot Act warnings / Santa Cruz branches tell patrons that FBI may spy on them
  213. ^ F.B.I., Using Patriot Act, Demands Library's Records
  214. ^ Working to Keep America Safer
  215. ^ [1]
  216. ^ The Protecting the rights of Indivisuals Act
  217. ^ House GOP Defends Patriot Act Powers
  218. ^ アーカイブされたコピー”. 2007年8月31日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  219. ^ [2]
  220. ^ [3]
  221. ^ The Legal Information Institute [LII]
  222. ^ US District Court Southern District of New York
  223. ^ 18 U.S.C. 2709
  224. ^ USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll results
  225. ^ Terrorism Homeland security, 9/11, surveillance, torture
  226. ^ USA TODAY/CNN GALLUP POLL
  227. ^ U.S. Senate Approves Extension of USA Patriot Act Law (Update1)
  228. ^ President's Statement on H.R. 199, the "USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005"
  229. ^ Bush shuns Patriot Act requirement
  230. ^ President aims to nullify new USAPA reporting requirements via signing statement
  231. ^ Panel Chairman Leaves Hearing
  232. ^ Senate ends filibuster of Patriot Act
  233. ^ [4]
  234. ^ アーカイブされたコピー”. 2007年8月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年8月24日閲覧。
  235. ^ History of the Patriot Act”. Electronic Privacy Information Center. 2008年7月11日閲覧。 “Though the Act made significant amendments to over 15 important statutes, it was introduced with great haste and passed with little debate, and without a House, Senate, or conference report. As a result, it lacks background legislative history that often retrospectively provides necessary statutory interpretation.”
  236. ^ EFF Analysis Of The Provisions Of The USA PATRIOT Act That Relate To Online Activities”. Electronic Frontiers Foundation (2001年10月31日). 2003年12月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年10月12日閲覧。 “...it seems clear that the vast majority of the sections included were not carefully studied by Congress, nor was sufficient time taken to debate it or to hear testimony from experts outside of law enforcement in the fields where it makes major changes.”
  237. ^ Michael Moore, Fahrenheit 9/11 (documentary). Timestamp: 01:01:39–01:01:47.
  238. ^ Michael Moore, Fahrenheit 9/11 (documentary). Timestamp: 01:02:02–01:02:15.
  239. ^ Michael Moore, Fahrenheit 9/11 (documentary). Timestamp: 01:02:35–01:02:43.
  240. ^ Lithwick, Dahlia; Turner, Julia (2003年9月8日). “A Guide to the Patriot Act, Part 1”. Jurisprudence (Slate). http://www.slate.com/id/2087984/ 
  241. ^ Analysis of Specific USA PATRIOT Act Provisions: Expanded Dissemination of Information Obtained in Criminal Investigations”. Analysis. Electronic Privacy Information Center. 2008年7月11日閲覧。
  242. ^ Cole, David. The Patriot Act Violates Our Civil Liberties. Microsoft Encarta. オリジナルの2006年5月6日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20060506231717/http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_701713501/Is_the_Patriot_Act_Unconstitutional.html 2007年8月24日閲覧。 
  243. ^ Rosenzweig, Paul. “Terrorism is not just a crime”. Patriot Debates (American Bar Association). http://www.abanet.org/natsecurity/patriotdebates/206-2#rebuttal 
  244. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 209.
  245. ^ James X. Dempsey, "Why Sections 209, 212, and 220 Should be Modified" (undated). Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  246. ^ EFF, "Let the Sun Set on PATRIOT – Section 209: 'Seizure of VoiceMail Messages Pursuant to Warrants'". Retrieved December 29, 2005
  247. ^ Orin Kerr, "Why Sections 209, 212, and 220 Should be Modified" (undated). Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  248. ^ a b One prime example of a controversy of the Patriot Act is shown in the recent court case United States v. Antoine Jones. A nightclub owner was linked to a drug trafficking stash house via a law enforcement GPS tracking device attached to his car. It was placed there without a warrant, which caused a serious conviction obstacle for federal prosecutors in court. Through the years the case has risen to the United States Supreme Court where the conviction was overturned in favor of the defendant. The court found that increased monitoring of suspects caused by such legislation like the Patriot Act directly put the suspects Constitutional rights in jeopardy.
  249. ^ USA PATRIOT Act (U.S. H.R. 3162, Public Law 107-56), Title II, Sec. 220.
  250. ^ a b c EFF, "Let the Sun Set on PATRIOT – Section 220: 'Nationwide Service of Search Warrants for Electronic Evidence'". Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  251. ^ Analysis of Specific USA PATRIOT Act Provisions: Authority to Conduct Secret Searches ("Sneak and Peek"), Electronic Privacy Information Center. Accessed December 5, 2005.
  252. ^ "Uncle Sam Asks: "What the hell is going on here?" in New ACLU Print and Radio Advertisements" (Press release). American Civil Liberties Union. 10 September 2003.
  253. ^ ACLU Ad On "Sneak-and-Peek" Searches: Overblown”. FactCheck.org (2004年9月21日). 2007年7月14日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年12月12日閲覧。
  254. ^ Heather Mac Donald (undated), "Sneak-and-Peek in the Full Light of Day". American Bar Association. Retrieved October 12, 2007.
  255. ^ “Apology Note from the United States Government”. Washington Post. (2006年11月29日). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112901155.html?nav=rss_nation/nationalsecurity 
  256. ^ EFF, "Let the Sun Set on PATRIOT – Section 201: 'Authority to Intercept Wire, Oral, and Electronic Communications Relating to Terrorism,' and Section 805, 'Material Support for Terrorism'". Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  257. ^ Let the Sun Set on PATRIOT Section 505 – National Security Letters (NSLs)”. Electronic Frontiers Foundation. 2005年5月24日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2007年10月13日閲覧。
  258. ^ EPIC: National Security Letters (NSLs)”. Electronic Privacy Information Center. 2008年7月11日閲覧。
  259. ^ FBI Unbound: How National Security Letters Violate Our Privacy”. Bill of Rights Defense Committee. 2013年4月14日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年7月11日閲覧。
  260. ^ Dunham, Richard S. (2005年11月10日). “The Patriot Act: Business Balks”. BusinessWeek. http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/nov2005/nf20051110_9709_db016.htm 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  261. ^ "Federal Court Strikes Down National Security Letter Provision of Patriot Act" (Press release). American Civil Liberties Union. 6 September 2007. NEW YORK – A federal court today struck down the amended Patriot Act's National Security Letter (NSL) provision. The law has permitted the FBI to issue NSLs demanding private information about people within the United States without court approval, and to gag those who receive NSLs from discussing them. The court found that the gag power was unconstitutional and that because the statute prevented courts from engaging in meaningful judicial review of gags, it violated the First Amendment and the principle of separation of powers.
  262. ^ Eggen, Dan (2007年9月7日). “Judge Invalidates Patriot Act Provisions”. Washington Post. p. A01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/06/AR2007090601438.html 
  263. ^ Neumeister, Larry (2007年9月7日). “Judge Strikes Down Part of Patriot Act”. London: Guardian. オリジナルの2007年9月13日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20070913101632/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uslatest/story/0,,-6903200,00.html 2013年9月8日閲覧。 
  264. ^ C. McCarthy, Andrew. “Why Sections 214 and 215 Should be Retained”. American Bar Association. 2008年7月11日閲覧。
  265. ^ “No Patriot Check Out At Libraries”. CBS News. (2003年9月18日). http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/08/19/national/main569135.shtml 
  266. ^ Resolution on the USA Patriot Act and Related Measures That Infringe on the Rights of Library Users”. American Library Association (2003年1月29日). 2008年7月11日閲覧。
  267. ^ Kasindorf, Martin (2003年12月16日). “FBI's reading list worries librarians”. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002-12-16-librarians-usat_x.htm 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  268. ^ Murphy, Dean E. (2003-04-0). “Some Librarians Use Shredder to Show Opposition to New F.B.I. Powers”. New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DF1338F934A35757C0A9659C8B63 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  269. ^ “Libraries Rally Against USA Patriot Act”. Politics (Fox News Channel). (2003年5月7日). http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,86167,00.html 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  270. ^ Graham, Judith (2003年4月3日). “Libraries warning patrons: Federal government may be spying on you.”. Chicago Tribune 
  271. ^ Jones, Barbara M. 2009. “Librarians Shushed No More: The USA Patriot Act, the ‘Connecticut Four,’ and Professional Ethics." Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom 58, no. 6: 195, 221–223.
  272. ^ Ramasastry, Anita (October 5, 2001). Indefinite detention based on suspicion: How The Patriot Act Will Disrupt Many Lawful Immigrants’ Lives. FindLaw. http://writ.news.findlaw.com/commentary/20011005_ramasastry.html 2008年7月11日閲覧。 
  273. ^ Feingold, Russell (2001年10月25日). “Statement Of U.S. Senator Russ Feingold On The Anti-Terrorism Bill From The Senate Floor”. 2008年7月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年7月11日閲覧。
  274. ^ Resolution Passed at the May 6, 2004 Special Meeting of the Berkeley Division of the Academic Senate” (PDF). University of California. 2008年6月25日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年7月11日閲覧。
  275. ^ Surveillance Under the USA PATRIOT Act > Non surveillance provisions”. American Civil Liberties Union (2003年4月3日). 2008年7月11日閲覧。
  276. ^ Patriot Act will prevail over B.C. privacy legislation” (2004年10月29日). 2006年5月29日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年3月6日閲覧。
  277. ^ “USA Patriot Act comes under fire in B.C. report”. CBC News. (2004年10月30日). http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2004/10/29/patriotact_bc041029.html 2008年3月6日閲覧。 
  278. ^ a b British Columbia Responds to USA Patriot Act with Tough New Rules on How Service Providers Manage Public Sector Data” (2004年11月11日). 2006年5月6日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2008年3月6日閲覧。
  279. ^ “Hosting Sensitive Data? Canada May be the Answer”. Internet Industry Watch. (2010年11月25日). オリジナルの2011年2月21日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20110221090428/http://www.internetindustrywatch.com/2010/11/hosting-sensitive-data-canada-may-be-the-answer/ 2010年12月7日閲覧。 
  280. ^ Protection of Privacy Legislation Proclaimed” (2006年11月15日). 2008年3月6日閲覧。
  281. ^ a b President Obama’s Dragnet” (06-06-2013). 06-07-2013閲覧。
  282. ^ Author of Patriot Act: FBI’s FISA Order is Abuse of Patriot Act” (06-06-2013). 06-07-2013閲覧。





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