ブロードウェイマンションとは？ わかりやすく解説

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ウィキペディア
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ブロードウェイマンション

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/07/06 07:58 UTC 版)

ブロードウェイマンション(百老汇大厦;繁体字中国語: 百老匯大廈; 拼音: Bǎilǎohuì Dàshà)は上海外灘北部に位置する建物。


脚注
  1. ^ It is described in 1993 as "Shanghai's best known building"; see "Shanghai", The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Vol. 27 (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1993):274;
  2. ^ a b Dmitri Kessel, On Assignment: Dmitri Kessel, LIFE photographer (Abrams, 1985):149.
  3. ^ a b c d Noël Barber, The Fall of Shanghai: The Communist Take-Over in 1949 (Macmillan, 1979):33, 96, 149.
  4. ^ a b c d e “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2008年9月29日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2009年5月4日閲覧。
  5. ^ Sidney Shapiro, An American in China: Thirty Years in the People's Republic (New World Press, 1979):55.
  6. ^ John Nicholls Booth, Fabulous Destinations (1951; Reprint: READ BOOKS, 2007):69.
  7. ^ Madeleine Lynn, ed., Yangtze River: The Wildest, Wickedest River on Earth (Oxford University Press, 1997):9.
  8. ^ a b "The Weary Wait" Time (23 May 1949); http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794751,00.html
  9. ^ Georges Binder, Tall Buildings of Asia & Australia (Images Publishing, 2001):ifc.
  10. ^ Bruce Douglass and Ross Terrill, China and Ourselves: Explorations and Revisions by a New Generation (Beacon Press, 1971):90.
  11. ^ Nicholas Whitlam, "Bright Lights, Old City", The Sydney Morning Herald (13 November 2008); http://www.smh.com.au/travel/bright-lights-old-city-20081113-62zc.html?page=-1
  12. ^ a b c d e http://www.broadwaymansions.com/
  13. ^ Kang Yan and Robert Hale Smitheram, Deciphering Shanghai, 1990-2000 (Australian-Chinese Press, 2002):215.
  14. ^ http://www.broadwaymansions.com/en/Location.htm
  15. ^ a b “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月21日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2009年5月7日閲覧。
  16. ^ "LANGHAM HOTELS INTERNATIONAL EXPANDS INTO SHANGHAI WITH ITS FIRST ART-DECO BOUTIQUE HOTEL"; http://www.langhamhotels.com/pdf/pr_20071026.pdf[リンク切れ]
  17. ^ "Langham Hotels International Expands Into Shanghai With Its First Art-Deco Boutique Hotel"; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2012年2月19日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
  18. ^ http://www.agoda.com/asia/china/shanghai/broadway_mansion_hotel.html
  19. ^ Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture (watermark, 2008); quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History 1921-1949", Living Space; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月20日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
  20. ^ One source suggests the correct name is "Freizer"; See Alan Balfour and Shiling Zheng, Shanghai (World Cities series) (Wiley-Academy, 2002):93; see also: Françoise Ged, Shanghai (Institut français d'architecture, 2000):28; Peter G. Rowe and Seng Kuan, Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China (MIT Press, 2004):58.
  21. ^ RIBA Journal [Royal Institute of British Architects] 60 (1953):466.
  22. ^ Ged, 28; Peter G. Rowe and Seng Kuan, Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China (MIT Press, 2004):58.
  23. ^ a b Antonia Brodie and Mark Girouard, Directory of British Architects 1834-1914: L-Z, 2nd ed. (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2001):532, 1025.
  24. ^ a b c Banister Fletcher and Dan Cruickshank, Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture, 20th ed. (Architectural Press, 1996):1550, 1610
  25. ^ Damian Harper and David Eimer, Shanghai, 4th ed. (Lonely Planet, 2008):43.
  26. ^ Brodie, 309).
  27. ^ a b c Fiona Lindsay Shen, "Shanghai Sino Deco", Modernism (Spring 2008):92; http://publishing.yudu.com/A6znj/MODV11N1/resources/index.htm?referrerUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernismmagazine.com%2Fviewonline.html&skipFlashCheck=true
  28. ^ a b Anne Warr, Shanghai Architecture, quoted in "Shanghai Architectural History: Early Years to 1921" Living Space: real Estate, Design and Lifestyle; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年4月1日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2009年5月8日閲覧。
  29. ^ “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2011年7月21日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
  30. ^ http://www.simonfieldhouse.com/shanghai.htm#HSBC%20Bank Archived 2011年11月8日, at the Wayback Machine.
  31. ^ http://www.simonfieldhouse.com/shanghai.htm#Customs%20House Archived 2011年11月8日, at the Wayback Machine.
  32. ^ “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2011年7月21日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
  33. ^ “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2011年7月21日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年1月13日閲覧。
  34. ^ Layla Dawson, China's New Dawn: An Architectural Transformation (Prestel, 2005):22.
  35. ^ a b Peter G. Rowe and Seng Kuan, Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China (MIT Press, 2004):58.
  36. ^ Patricia Bayer, Art Deco Architecture: Design, Decoration, and Detail from the Twenties and Thirties (H.N. Abrams, 1992):85.
  37. ^ Keith Mundy, "Skyhigh Shanghai - Then and Now", Garuda: The Magazine of Garuda Indonesia (June 2007); http://garudamagazine.com/features.php?id=18[リンク切れ]
  38. ^ a b Edward Denison and Guang Yu Ren, Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway (Wiley-Academy, 2006):153.
  39. ^ http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=103746
  40. ^ Junhua Lü, Peter G. Rowe, and Jie Zhang, Modern Urban Housing in China, 1840-2000 (Prestel, 2001):96.
  41. ^ a b Maisie J. Meyer, From the Rivers of Babylon to the Whangpoo: A Century of Sephardi Jewish Life in Shanghai (University Press of America, 2003):70.
  42. ^ Laurent Metzger, Les Lauriers de Shanghai: Des Concessions Internationales à la Métropole Moderne (Editions Olizane, 1999):29.
  43. ^ a b Gary Jones, "An Art Deco Walking Tour of Shanghai" Jakarta Globe (11 March 2009); http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/life-times/article/12417.html[リンク切れ]
  44. ^ Business Week Nos. 370-382 (1936):45.
  45. ^ Lancelot Forster, The New Culture in China (Allen & Unwin, 1936):207, 208.
  46. ^ Gordon Sinclair, Signposts to Adventure (McClelland & Stewart, 1947):342.
  47. ^ Christopher Knowles, Fodor's Exploring China, Vol. 4 (Fodor's Travel Publications, ):186.
  48. ^ Harold Abbott Rand Conant, "A Far East Journal (1915 - 1941)"; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年10月25日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2015年12月5日閲覧。[HARC],
  49. ^ "SHANGHAI OFFICES OF TIMES SEARCHED; Chief Correspondent to Make a Protest to Japan - His Apartment Also Visited", The New York Times (19 August 1937):2; "The unit of Chinese currency is the yuan, a silver dollar loosely called Mexican. Since it fluctuates less in terms of Chinese commodities than in terms of gold, it is the only fair measure of Chinese values. Hence the dollars throughout this article are Mexican, unless otherwise indicated. The present value of the Mexican dollar is about thirty-four cents." See "The Shanghai Boom", Fortune 11:1 (January 1935); “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。; Chang Huei Hsin, "Essays of the History of Chinese Currencies", (Tai Young Publication Co. 1994); "Mexican Eagle Dollars"; http://www.sycee-on-line.com/Mexico_dollars.htm
  50. ^ a b c d J. D. Brown and Sharon Owyang, Frommer's Shanghai, 3rd ed. (John Wiley and Sons, 2004):75.
  51. ^ http://www.virtualshanghai.net/Image.php?ID=1436; “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2009年7月6日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2012年7月22日閲覧。
  52. ^ a b Journal of Indian History [Dept. of History, University of Kerala] 68-71 (1992):129.
  53. ^ 犹Pan Guang (潘光), Jews in China 太人在中国: [中英文本], 3rd ed. (五洲传播出版社, 2005):1896.
  54. ^ Kenneth Frampton and Guan Zhaoye, World Architecture 1900-2000: A Critical Mosaic, Vol. 9 (Springer, 2000):59.
  55. ^ Peter Shen, Villa Shen: An Old Shanghai Story (Pelanduk Pub., 1997).
  56. ^ Roman Malek, From Kaifeng--to Shanghai: Jews in China (Steyler, 2000):354.
  57. ^ Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132; see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf
  58. ^ Arnhold & Co., a trading company that became a leading distributor of building materials and engineering equipment, was founded as the German-registered Arnhold & Karberg & Co. in 1866 on Shameen Island in Canton (Guangzhou) by Jacob Arnhold and Peter Karsberg, and opened branches in Hong Kong (1867) and Shanghai (1881), and had 37 branches by 1901 (see see also Carl T. Smith, "The German Speaking Community in Hong Kong 1846-1918", 26-30.; http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4402104.pdf; and "About Arnhold: History'; http://www.arnhold.com.hk/en/about-arnhold/history/); including branches in Hankow, Tientsin (Tianjin), Peking (Beijing), Mukden, London and New York (see E. C. Knuth, The Empire of "The City": The Secret History of British Financial Power (Book Tree, 2006):72). From 1897 to 1910, at least one of the Arnhold family was chairman of the compamy's board of directors: Jacob Arnhold (1897-1900), Philipp Arnhold (1900-1905; and 1906-1910); and Harry E. Arnhold (1905- 1906). (see Frans-Paul van der Putten, Corporate Behaviour and Political Risk: Dutch companies in China, 1903-1941 (Research School of Asian, African and Amerindian Studies, Leiden University, 2001):74.) Due to hostility to German companies as a consequence of World War I, and the seizure of German companies by the British and their allies, H.E. Arnhold and his brother, Charles Herbert Arnhold (born 19 September 1881 in London), "advertised themselves out of the well-known Anglo-German concern, Arnhold, Karberg & Co.". (see Edward Manico Gull, British Economic Interests in the Far East (International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1943):119; The Law Journal Reports 85 (E.B. Ince, 1916):133.), which had four equal partners: the two Arnhold brothers; Ernest Goetz, a Swiss born German subject; and Max Niclassen, of Berlin, Germany (see Ernest Charles Meldon Trehern and Albert Wallace Grant, Prize Cases Heard and Decided in the Prize Court During the Great War, Great Britain High Court of Justice, Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division, High Court of Justice Vol. 1(Stevens, 1916):644-645). Initially they formed the firm of Messrs. H.E. Arnhold (China), but on 1 October 1917, they incorporated its successor, Arnhold Brothers Limited (China), in Hong Kong, under the British ordinances, but with headquarters in Shanghai (see Asia: Journal of the American Asiatic Association 18:11 (November 1918):984), which was reconstituted as a British company after 1919. Sir Victor Sassoon became the majority shareholder in 1923 after a merger (see C.R. Maguire, China Stock and Share Handbook (Office of the North-China Daily News and Herald, ltd., 1925, 100 for list of directors). According to Stella Dong, is "most attractive asset was the Cathay Land Company, ownership of which gave Sir Victor control of a number of apartment buildings and a hotel in the International Settlement as well as choice housing estates in the French Concession." (See Stella Dong, Shanghai: The Rise and Fall of a Decadent City 1842-1949 (HarperCollins, 2001):218-219). Arnhold's served as a front for Sassoon's political interests in the International Settlement. (See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132). Headquartered in the Arnhold Building at 6 Kiukiang Road, Shanghai (see Allister Macmillan, Seaports of the Far East: Historical and Descriptive, Commercial and Industrial, Facts, Figures, & Resources, 2nd ed. (W.H. & L. Collingridge, 1925):57) until its relocation in 1930 to the third floor of Sassoon House at 1 Nanking Road (see Stanley Jackson, The Sassoons (Dutton, 1968):217; Ernest O. Hauser, Shanghai: City for Sale (Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284.), Arnhold & Co. flourished until 1949 when, with the change of Government in China, the headquarters relocated to Hong Kong. Mr. Maurice Green who had been associated with the company since the Sassoon takeover, acquired the controlling interest in Arnhold in 1957 (see About Us; History).
  59. ^ The China Who's Who ... (foreign) (Kelley & Walsh, 1924):18.
  60. ^ According to Ernest O. Hauser, "Arnhold was Sir Victor's lieutenant." (See Ernest O. Hauser, Shanghai: City for Sale (Harcourt, Brace and company, 1940):284), or as Bickers put it more bluntly: "Harry was his man on the SMC." (see Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132) Arnhold was defeated for re-election as a member of the SMC in 1930 for his "reformist" tendencies. He also attracted antisemitic and anti-German hostility. Arnhold's defeat was warmly welcomed, as the diplomats disliked him. 'Not an attractive personality,' noted Sir Miles Lampson, the then British Minister. Arnhold was to re-emerge as a settler community leader in the 1930s, serving on the committee of serving on the committee of the British Residents' Association, and then back on the SMC from 1932 to 1937, chairing it in 1934-37. See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):132.
  61. ^ Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, Treasures of Taliesin: Seventy-Seven Unbuilt Designs, 2nd ed. (Pomegranate, 1999):29.
  62. ^ Vaudine England, The Quest of Noel Croucher: Hong Kong's Quiet Philanthropist (Hong Kong University Press, 1998):45.
  63. ^ Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot, New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1953 (Manchester University Press ND, 2000):45.
  64. ^ Sigmund Tobias, Strange Haven: A Jewish Childhood in Wartime Shanghai (University of Illinois Press, 1999):24-25.
  65. ^ Jim Yoshida, The Two Worlds of Jim Yoshida (Morrow, 1972):128.
  66. ^ Beverley Jackson, Shanghai Girl Gets All Dressed up (Ten Speed Press, 2005).
  67. ^ Fortune 11:1 (January 1935), reported 19,241 foreigners, plus 25,000 Russians. See “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2016年3月3日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2016年3月3日閲覧。
  68. ^ Edna Lee Booker, News Is My Job - A Correspondent in War Torn China (New York: MacMillan, 1940):15; Christian Henriot, "Little Japan in Shanghai: An Insulated Community, 1875-1945" in Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot, eds., New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842-1952 (Manchester University Press, 2000):146-169.
  69. ^ Peter O'Connor, Japanese Propaganda : To our American friends II, 1934-38, Vol. 9 (Global Oriental, 2005):184; United States Naval Institute, Proceedings Vol. 65 (1939):176.
  70. ^ Joshua A. Fogel, The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, 1862-1945 (Stanford University Press, 1996):199.
  71. ^ Journal, By American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, 5.
  72. ^ "Explosives Hurled at Property Owned by Japanese-Street Patrols Are Reinforced", The New York Times (7 July 1938):10.
  73. ^ Anthony Kubek, The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China. United States Congress: Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws Vol. 1(U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1970):279.
  74. ^ Jim Yoshida, with Bill Hosokawa, The Two Worlds of Jim Yoshida (Morrow, 1972):127.
  75. ^ William H. McDougall, If I Get Out Alive: World War II Letters & Diaries of William H. McDougall Jr (University of Utah Press, 2007):35; Violet Sweet Haven, Gentlemen of Japan: a Study in Rapist Diplomacy (Ziff-Davis publishing company, 1944):70; Eric Downton, Wars Without End (Stoddart, 1987):52. Philip J. Jaffe, Amerasia 3 (1940):90.
  76. ^ Gus Lee, Chasing Hepburn: A Memoir of Shanghai, Hollywood, and a Chinese Family's Fight for Freedom (Harmony Books, 2003):440.
  77. ^ Dora Sanders Carney, Foreign Devils had Light Eyes: A Memoir of Shanghai 1933-1939 (Dorset Pub., 1980):222.
  78. ^ "Nanjing Puppet State"; http://flagspot.net/flags/cn_j_nj2.html
  79. ^ a b Frederic E. Wakeman, The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937-1941 (Cambridge University Press, 2002):13, 62
  80. ^ Shuxi Xu, Japan and the Third Powers No. 11 (Kelly & Walsh, 1941):202.
  81. ^ Electoral gerrymandering, sanctioned and aided by London, prevented the Japanese achieving a majority on the SMC in 1940. See Robert A. Bickers, Britain in China: Community Culture and Colonialism, 1900-1949 (Manchester University Press ND, 1999):157.
  82. ^ Madeleine Constance Munday, Rice Bowl Broken (National Book Association, 1947):113; The China Weekly Review 88-89 (11 March 1939):109; The China Weekly Review 88-89 (1 April 1939):131.
  83. ^ The China Weekly Review 88-89 (11 March 1939):46; Hallett Abend, My Life in China 1926-1941 (Reprint: READ BOOKS, 2007):337.
  84. ^ China at War 8:1 (January 1942):38; "SHANGHAI AMERICANS SAFE BUT HARASSED", The New York Times (13 March 1942):4; Columbia University East Asian Institute, Contemporary China, Vol. 1 (Westview Press, 1976):17.
  85. ^ Freda Utley, Last Chance in China (Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1947):91; Russell Lord and Kate Kalkman Lord, Forever the Land: A Country Chronicle and Anthology (Harper, 1950):285.
  86. ^ Jean Bowie Shor, After You, Marco Polo, 4th ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1955):61.
  87. ^ Harrison Forman, Blunder in Asia (Didier, 1950):12; Jack Birns, Carolyn Wakeman, and Ken Light, Assignment, Shanghai: Photographs on the Eve of Revolution (University of California Press, 2003):98.
  88. ^ Emanuel Goldberg, The Stars and Stripes in China (University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947):41.
  89. ^ Hlavacek, 172.
  90. ^ おそらく畳のこと
  91. ^ William R. Dunn, Fighter Pilot: The First American Ace of World War II (Reprint: University Press of Kentucky, 1996):171.
  92. ^ United States Congressional Serial Set, Vol. 6 (U.S.G.P.O., 1956):HR2551, 6.
  93. ^ Henry B. Lieberman, "5,000 Parade in Shanghai," The New York Times (2 January 1947):11; Spencer Moosa, "Chinese Demand Americans Leave", The Evening Independent (1 January 1947):2.
  94. ^ "US TROOPS CRITICIZED", The New York Times (14 September 1947); and "ANTI-AMERICAN FEELING IN CHINA LAID TO YANKS", Chicago Tribune (14 September 1947).
  95. ^ Hsüan ch'uan pu, Xing zheng yuan, and Xin wen ju, China Handbook (Macmillan, 1944):534.
  96. ^ a b Pegge Parker Hlavacek, Alias Pegge Parker (Reprint: iUniverse, 2003):62.
  97. ^ Robert H. Giles, Robert W. Snyder, and Lisa DeLisle, eds., Covering China (Transaction Publishers, 2001):22; Bruce Douglass and Ross Terrill, China and Ourselves: Explorations and Revisions by a New Generation (Beacon Press, 1971):90; Paul Gordon Lauren, The China Hands' Legacy: Ethics and Diplomacy (Westview Press, 1987):173.
  98. ^ Paolo Alberto Rossi, The Communist Conquest of Shanghai: A Warning to the West (Twin Circle, 1970):109.
  99. ^ John Robinson Beal, Marshall in China (Doubleday Canada, 1970):133, 21.
  100. ^ Richard Hughes, Foreign Devil: Thirty Years of Reporting from the Far East (Deutsch, 1972):279.
  101. ^ Giles, et al., 22.
  102. ^ a b Jack Belden, China Shakes the World (Monthly Review Press, 1970):366.
  103. ^ Ross Terrill, Flowers on an Iron Tree: Five Cities of China (Little, Brown, 1975):6.
  104. ^ Bert Cochran, Harry Truman and the Crisis Presidency (Funk & Wagnalls, 1973):305.
  105. ^ Harrison Evans Salisbury, China: 100 Years of Revolution (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1983):195.
  106. ^ Sophia Knight, Window on Shanghai: Letters from China, 1965-67 (Deutsch, 1967):131.
  107. ^ Edward Ward, Chinese Crackers (Lane, 1947):106.
  108. ^ Harrison Forman, Blunder in Asia (Didier, 1950):12.
  109. ^ John T. McQuiston, "Keyes Beech, 76, Correspondent In Asia for Five Decades, Is Dead", The New York Times (16 February 1990):D19; http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/16/nyregion/keyes-beech-76-correspondent-in-asia-for-five-decades-is-dead.html
  110. ^ a b Keyes Beech, Tokyo and Points East (Doubleday, 1954):29.
  111. ^ Odd Arne Westad, Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946-1950 (Stanford University Press, 2003):250-251; Mariano Ezpeleta, Red Shadows over Shanghai (ZITA Pub. Corp., 1972):188.
  112. ^ Mariano Ezpeleta, Red Shadows over Shanghai (ZITA Pub. Corp., 1972):188.
  113. ^ "SHANGHAI TIGHTENS SECURITY PROGRAM", The New York Times (1 May 1949):43; "Shanghai Troops Occupy Hotels; Man Gun Posts in Skyscrapers; Raw Country Recruits With Field Equipment Billeted in Luxury Buildings on Main Streets -- May Day Parades Banned", The New York Times (2 May 1949):3.
  114. ^ a b Jeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz, Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People's Republic of China (Harvard University Press, 2007):391.
  115. ^ Alun Falconer, New China: Friend or Foe? (Naldrett Press, 1950):13; Harrison Forman, Blunder in Asia (Didier, 1950):73; Jeremy Brown and Paul Pickowicz, Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People's Republic of China (Harvard University Press, 2007):391.
  116. ^ Peter Townsend, China Phoenix: The Revolution in China (Cape, 1955):73; see also Roy Rowan, Chasing the Dragon: A Veteran Journalist's Firsthand Account of the 1946-9 Chinese Revolution (The Lyons Press, 2008):215.
  117. ^ Edwin Palmer Hoyt, The Rise of the Chinese Republic: From the Last Emperor to Deng Xiaoping (McGraw-Hill, 1989):333.
  118. ^ Townsend, 73.
  119. ^ Ross Terrill, Flowers on an Iron Tree: Five Cities of China (Little, Brown, 1975):81.
  120. ^ "Communists Order Foreigners Out of Shanghai Mansions", The Canberra Times (21 June 1949):1, “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2012年7月11日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2015年12月5日閲覧。
  121. ^ Alun Falconer, New China: Friend or Foe? (Naldrett Press, 1950):13.
  122. ^ Xudong Zhang, Postsocialism and Cultural Politics: China in the Last Decade of the Twentieth Century (Duke University Press, 2008):225.
  123. ^ http://www.chinadiscounthotel.com/shanghai/mansions/broadway_mansions_hotel_shanghai.html; James Vivian Davidson-Houston, Yellow Creek: The Story of Shanghai (Putnam, 1962):195; Joseph Robert Starobin, Paris to Peking (Cameron Associates, 1955):210.
  124. ^ a b James M. Bertram, Return to China (Heinemann, 1957):187.
  125. ^ http://minney.org.uk/rjminney.htm
  126. ^ a b Rubeigh James Minney, Next Stop--Peking: Record of a 16,000 Mile Journey Through Russia, Siberia, and China (G. Newnes, 1957):129, 131.
  127. ^ Far Eastern Economic Review 50 (1965):113.
  128. ^ Jacques Marcuse, The Peking Papers: Leaves from the Notebook of a China Correspondent (Dutton, 1967):183.
  129. ^ Sally Backhouse, Nine Dragons: An Encounter with the Far East (H. Hamilton, 1967):200.
  130. ^ Sophia Knight, Window on Shanghai: Letters from China, 1965-67 (Deutsch, 1967):28.
  131. ^ a b British Broadcasting Corporation, Monitoring Service, Summary of World Broadcasts (Monitoring Service of the British Broadcasting Corp, 1967).
  132. ^ Current Scene: Developments in Mainland China 5-7 (1967):17.
  133. ^ "The Shanghai Commune and the Rightist Reaction", Part IV: "The Suppression of the Left in China" in China 1977: End of the Revolutionary Mao Era (10 January 1977); http://www.workers.org/marcy/cd/samsupp/suppress/suppr04.htm
  134. ^ United States Dept. of State, International Information Administration, Documentary Studies Section, United States Information Agency, Problems of Communism Vol. 17 (Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration, 1968):17.
  135. ^ Ezra F. Vogel, L. Culman, and Margie Sargent, The Cultural Revolution in the Provinces (East Asian Research Center, Harvard University; distributed by Harvard University Press, 1971):88.
  136. ^ Lynn M. Lubkeman, The Origins of the Shanghai People's Commune of 1967 (University of Wisconsin--Madison., 1978):171.
  137. ^ Problems of Communism, 17.
  138. ^ Michael Schoenhals, China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969: Not a Dinner Party (M.E. Sharpe, 1996):145.
  139. ^ "A Reporter Revisits Shanghai" Time (19 March 1973):2; http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906934,00.html; Fredric M. Kaplan, Arne J. De Keijzer, and Julian M. Sobin, The China Guidebook 1993-94, 13th ed. (Published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993):591.
  140. ^ Ruth Lor Malloy, A Guide to the People's Republic of China for Travelers of Chinese Ancestry (Published 1973):37.
  141. ^ Stephen Fitzgerald and Pamela Hewitt, China in the Seventies: Australian Perspectives (Contemporary China Centre, Australian National University, 1980):60.
  142. ^ Kirkus Reviews Copyright (c)VNU Business Media, Inc.; http://books.google.com.au/books?lr=&client=firefox-a&as_brr=0&id=8QchAAAAMAAJ&dq=Shanghai+Mansions&q=Dasha&pgis=1#search_anchor
  143. ^ a b Edoarda Masi, China Winter: Workers, Mandarins, and the Purge of the Gang of Four (Dutton, 1982):50, 138.
  144. ^ Orientations 9 (Pacific Communications Ltd., 1978):32.
  145. ^ New Times 11 (1978):31.
  146. ^ Eugene Cooper, Adventures in Chinese Bureaucracy: A Meta-Anthropological Saga (Nova Publishers, 2000):11.
  147. ^ a b Gu Gan, Touring Metropolitan Shanghai (The Publishing House, 1984):230,231.
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  149. ^ Who's Who of the Asian Pacific Rim (Barons Who's Who, 1999):381.
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