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デジタル大辞泉デジタル大辞泉

アールエヌエー‐アイ【RNAi】

読み方：あーるえぬえーあい

《RNA interference》⇒RNA干渉


生物学用語辞典
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JabionJabion

RNA干渉

同義/類義語：RNAi
英訳・(英)同義/類義語：RNA interference, RNAi

特定配列を持つ二本鎖RNAが、その配列に対応するmRNAの発現を阻害する現象で、これを利用して特異的に遺伝子機能を調べる実験そのものをさすこともある。遊離の二本鎖RNAはRNAヘリカーゼーRNAヌクレアーゼ複合体によって検出されて23塩基のRNAに分解され、さらにその配列に相補的なRNAに複合体を結合させて対象RNAを分解し、RNAiが現れると考えられている。

バイテク用語集
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バイテクコミュニケーションハウスバイテクコミュニケーションハウス

RNA干渉

【英】： RNA Interference, Ribonucleic Acid Interference, RNAi

ウィキペディア
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ウィキペディアウィキペディア

RNA干渉

(ＲＮＡi から転送)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/12/02 08:00 UTC 版)

RNA干渉（RNAかんしょう、英: RNA interference、RNAi）は、二本鎖RNA（dsRNA）が翻訳抑制または転写抑制によって遺伝子の発現を配列特異的に抑制する生物学的過程である。RNAiは歴史的には、"co-suppression"、"post-transcriptional gene silencing"（PTGS）、"quelling"といった名称で知られていた。これらの過程は見かけ上異なるものの、それぞれに対して詳細な研究が行われ、これらの実体はすべてRNAiであることが明らかにされた。アンドリュー・ファイアーとクレイグ・メローは、1998年に発表された線虫Caenorhabditis elegansにおけるRNAiに関する業績によって、2006年にノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。RNAiとその調節の可能性が発見されて以降、RNAiが目的の遺伝子を抑制する多大な可能性を有していることが明らかとなった。現在ではRNAiは、遺伝子抑制を目的としたアンチセンス治療よりも正確かつ効率的で安定なより良い治療法であることが知られている[1]。


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[続きの解説]

「RNA干渉」の続きの解説一覧

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RNAi

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/04/01 13:56 UTC 版)

「機能ゲノミクス」の記事における「RNAi」の解説

RNA干渉(RNAi)法は、一過性に遺伝子発現をノックダウンできる。

※この「RNAi」の解説は、「機能ゲノミクス」の解説の一部です。
「RNAi」を含む「機能ゲノミクス」の記事については、「機能ゲノミクス」の概要を参照ください。

RNAi

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2021/02/24 03:00 UTC 版)

「RNA治療」の記事における「RNAi」の解説

RNA干渉（Interfering RNA）は、翻訳または翻訳後の遺伝子発現を抑制するように作用する短いノンコーディングRNAの一群である。これらの発見と、その後の転写後遺伝子調節の鍵となるエフェクターとしての同定により、低分子干渉RNA（siRNA）とマイクロRNA（miRNA）は、全身性疾患の潜在的な治療薬として可能性があると考えられている。RNAiシステムは、1990年にペチュニアに着色遺伝子を導入する研究をしていたヨルゲンセンらによって発見されたもので、もともとは二本鎖RNAウイルスに対する自然免疫の手段として発展されたと考えられている。

※この「RNAi」の解説は、「RNA治療」の解説の一部です。
「RNAi」を含む「RNA治療」の記事については、「RNA治療」の概要を参照ください。

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この記事は、ウィキペディアのRNA干渉 (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、GNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 Weblio辞書に掲載されているウィキペディアの記事も、全てGNU Free Documentation Licenseの元に提供されております。
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Weblio辞書に掲載されている「ウィキペディア小見出し辞書」の記事は、Wikipediaの機能ゲノミクス (改訂履歴)、RNA治療 (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、GNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。

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