タンパク質構造予測とは? わかりやすく解説

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タンパク質構造予測

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/04/03 08:41 UTC 版)

タンパク質構造予測 (たんぱくしつこうぞうよそく、: protein structure prediction) は、タンパク質についてそのアミノ酸配列をもとに3次元構造(立体配座)を推定することであり、バイオインフォマティクスおよび計算化学における研究分野の一つである。専門的な言葉では「タンパク質の一次構造をもとに二次構造三次構造を予測すること」と表現できる。構造予測は、逆問題であるタンパク質設計とは異なる。タンパク質のアミノ酸配列は一次構造と呼ばれる。タンパク質のアミノ酸配列は、その遺伝子が記録されたDNAの塩基配列から、遺伝コード(コドン)の対応表に基づいて、導出することができる。生体内において、ほとんどのタンパク質の一次構造は一意的に3次元構造(三次構造、コンフォメーション)を形成する。これをタンパク質が折りたたまれる(フォールディング)という。タンパク質の3次元構造を知ることは、そのタンパク質の機能を理解する上で有力な手がかりとなる。医学(例:医薬品設計)や、バイオテクノロジー(例:新しい酵素の設計)において重要な役割を果たしている。


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