オープンソースソフトウェアのビジネスモデルとは

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オープンソースソフトウェアのビジネスモデル

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/02/07 16:30 UTC 版)

オープンソースソフトウェアのビジネスモデルは、オープンソースソフトウェアを用いたビジネスモデルである。

脚注

^ Popp, Dr. Karl Michael (2015). Best Practices for commercial use of open source software. Norderstedt, Germany: Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3738619096
^ Solatan, Jean (2011). Advances in software economics: A reader on business models and Partner Ecosystems in the software industry. Norderstedt, Germany: BOD. ISBN 978-3-8448-0405-8
^ “Commercial License for OEMs, ISVs and VARs”. MySQL.com. Oracle (2010年7月). 2016年6月18日閲覧。 “Oracle makes its MySQL database server and MySQL Client Libraries available under both the GPL and a commercial license. As a result, developers who use or distribute open source applications under the GPL can use the GPL-licensed MySQL software, and OEMs, ISVs and VARs that do not want to combine or distribute the MySQL software with their own commercial software under a GPL license can purchase a commercial license.”
^ Ronacher, Armin (2013年7月23日). “Licensing in a Post Copyright World”. Armin Ronacher's Thoughts and Writings. 2016年6月18日閲覧。 “The AGPLv3 was a terrible success, especially among the startup community that found the perfect base license to make dual licensing with a commercial license feasible. MongoDB, RethinkDB, OpenERP, SugarCRM as well as WURFL all now utilize the AGPLv3 as a vehicle for dual commercial licensing. The AGPLv3 makes that generally easy to accomplish as the original copyright author has the rights to make a commercial license possible but nobody who receives the sourcecode itself through the APLv3 inherits that right. I am not sure if that was the intended use of the license, but that's at least what it's definitely being used for now.”
^ Germain, Jack M. (2013年11月5日). “FOSS in the Enterprise: To Pay or Not to Pay?”. LinuxInsider. ECT News Network, Inc.. 2016年6月18日閲覧。
^ Rubens, Paul (2013年2月13日). “6 Reasons to Pay for Open Source Software”. CIO. CXO Media Inc.. 2016年6月18日閲覧。 “Open source software is free to download, modify and use, but that doesn't mean it's not worth paying for sometimes. If you're using open source software in a commercial, enterprise capacity, here are six reasons why you should pay for free software.”
^ McMillan, Robert (2012年3月28日). “Red Hat Becomes Open Source’s First $1 Billion Baby”. Wired 2016年6月18日閲覧. "Other companies have made big money selling Linux — Intel, IBM, Dell, and others have used it as a way to sell hardware and support services — but Red Hat has managed the tricky business of building a software platform that big businesses will pay for."
^ Blankenhorn, Dana. “Revolution rebooting R with name change and new strategy”. ZDNet. 2011年7月14日閲覧。
^ Markham, Gervase (2004年3月16日). “Mozilla Foundation Open Letter Orders Unofficial Mozilla Merchandise Sellers to Stop, Legal Action Hinted”. MozillaZine. 2016年6月18日閲覧。
^ “Wikipedia Store”. Wikimedia Foundation (2016年). 2016年6月18日閲覧。
^ “Licenses”. GNU Project. Free Software Foundation. 2016年6月18日閲覧。 “We recommend that people consider using the GNU AGPL for any software which will commonly be run over a network.”
^ Tiemann, Michael (2007年6月7日). “GNU Affero GPL version 3 and the "ASP loophole"”. Open Source Initiative. 2016年6月18日閲覧。
^ Byfield, Bruce (2005年9月21日). “Google's Summer of Code concludes”. linux.com. 2016年6月18日閲覧。 “DiBona said that the SOC was designed to benefit everyone involved in it. Students had the chance to work on real projects, rather than academic ones, and to get paid while gaining experience and making contacts. FOSS projects benefited from getting new code and having the chance to recruit new developers.”
^ Naramore, Elizabeth (2011年3月4日). “SourceForge.net Donation System”. SourceForge. Slashdot Media. 2017年10月16日閲覧。
^ Sneddon, Joey-Elijah (2012年6月1日). “Will You Help Change The Way Open-Source Apps are Funded?”. OMGUbuntu. 2013年8月8日閲覧。 “Lunduke is pledging to open-source and distribute his portfolio of hitherto paid software – which includes the Linux distro management simulator Linux Tycoon - for free, under the GPL, if he can reach a donation-driven funding goal of $4000/m. Reaching this goal, Lunduke says, 'will provide proof for others, who would also like to move their software businesses to be open source, that it is doable.'”
^ Mozilla Foundation (2004年12月15日). “Mozilla Foundation Places Two-Page Advocacy Ad in the New York Times”. 2010年6月15日閲覧。
^ Marson, Ingrid (2004年12月16日). “New York Times runs Firefox ad”. cnet.com. 2013年8月12日閲覧。 “Fans of the Mozilla Foundation's Firefox browser who funded an advertisement in The New York Times will finally get to see their names in print on Thursday.”
^ OSSのバグを直して賞金がゲットできる Bountysource
^ David Rappo (2006年5月8日). “New SVN Browser Added”. Bounty Source - Development. 2006年5月9日閲覧。
^ Leyden, John (2004-08-03), Mozilla to pay bounty on bugs, The Register（英語版） 2013年8月10日閲覧。
^ Evers, Joris (2005年7月25日). “Offering a bounty for security bugs”. CNET. CBS Interactive. 2007年8月12日閲覧。
^ “Mozilla Foundation Announces Security Bug Bounty Program”. Mozilla Foundation (2004年8月2日). 2013年8月10日閲覧。
^ “What IS Crowdfunding And How Does IT Benefit The Economy” (2012年11月27日). 2012年12月6日閲覧。
^ Lunduke, Bryan (2013年8月7日). “Open source gets its own crowd-funding site, with bounties included - Bountysource is the crowd-funding site the open source community has been waiting for.”. networkworld.com. 2013年8月10日閲覧。 “Many open source projects (from phones to programming tools) have taken to crowd-funding sites (such as Kickstarter and indiegogo) in order to raise the cash needed for large-scale development. And, in some cases, this has worked out quite well.”
^ Arceri, Timothy (2013年7月26日). “Help improve OpenGL support for the Linux Graphics Drivers”. Indiegogo. 2013年8月11日閲覧。 “Helping fund the time for me to become a Mesa contributor and document the experience to make it easier for others to understand where to start with the Mesa codebase. Many people have brought up the idea of crowd sourcing open source driver development. This is a small scale experiment to see if it could actually work.”
^ “Bountysource Raises $1.1 Million for the First Crowdfunding Platform for Open-Source Software Projects”. Yahoo Finance. Marketwired (2013年7月16日). 2016年6月18日閲覧。
^ Jamie Rigg (2013年8月22日). “Ubuntu Edge Indiegogo campaign ends with over $19 million outstanding”. 2018年2月20日閲覧。
^ Hunt, Katherine (2007年5月24日). “Sourceforge quarterly profit surges as revenue rises”. marketwatch.com. 2013年8月13日閲覧。 “Software Corp., late Thursday reported third-quarter net earnings of $6.49 million, or 9 cents a share, up from $997,000, or 2 cents a share, during the year-ago period. Pro forma earnings from continuing operations were $2.1 million, or 3 cents a share, compared with $1.2 million, or 2 cents a share, last year. The Fremont, Calif.-based maker of computer servers and storage systems said revenue for the three months ended April 30 rose to $10.3 million from $7.9 million. Analysts, on average, had forecast a per-share profit of 2 cents on revenue of $12 million.”
^ “SourceForge Reports Second Quarter Fiscal 2009 Financial Results”. 2015年6月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2018年2月15日閲覧。
^ Callaham, John (2013年6月6日). “Report: Google paying AdBlock Plus to not block Google's ads”. neowin.com. 2013年8月13日閲覧。 “Google is paying money to Eyeo, the company behind AdBlock Plus, so that its ads get through the browser ad remover.”
^ Hustvedt, Eskild (2009年2月8日). “Our new way to meet the LGPL”. 2009年2月20日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年3月9日閲覧。 “You can use a special keyword $ORIGIN to say 'relative to the actual location of the executable'. Suddenly we found we could use -rpath $ORIGIN/lib and it worked. The game was loading the correct libraries, and so was stable and portable, but was also now completely in the spirit of the LGPL as well as the letter!”
^ Polese, Kim (9 November 2005). Twenty Years of Experience in Developing Software in Silicon Valley. Stanford eCorner. Stanford University.
^ “TTimo/doom3.gpl”. GitHub (2012年4月7日). 2013年8月10日閲覧。 “Doom 3 GPL source release [...] This source release does not contain any game data, the game data is still covered by the original EULA and must be obeyed as usual.”
^ “STEEL STORM EPISODE 1 LIMITED USER SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT”. steel-storm.com. 2013年8月10日閲覧。 “For the purpose of this Agreement, the Art Assets include pk3 archive inside of 'steelstorm/gamedata/' folder that contain two-dimensional and three-dimensional works of graphic art, photographs, prints and art reproductions, maps, charts, diagrams, models, and technical drawings, sound effects and musical arrangements, documentation and tutorial videos, and are licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. The Engine, which includes Windows, Linux and Mac binaries, and the Engine's source code, are licensed under GNU GPL v2 license.”
^ Simpson, Kristina (2015年4月26日). “LICENCE”. anura-engine - GitHub. 2015年10月10日閲覧。
^ frogatto. “License”. GitHub. 2018年3月9日閲覧。 “CC-BY 3.0 LICENSE [...] assets under copyright”
^ Nick (2011年1月14日). “Arx Fatalis source code, patch released!”. bethblog.com. 2011年8月10日閲覧。
^ Larabel, Michael (2014年6月6日). “id Software's Softdisk Open-Sources Some Really Old Games”. Phoronix（英語版）. 2014年6月6日閲覧。
^ Ohle, Tom (4 December 2008). "Straight out of the Dungeon, Arx Fatalis invades GOG.com". Develop-Online.net (Press release). Warsaw, Poland.
^ “gnu.org” (英語). www.gnu.org. 2017年11月10日閲覧。
^ Montague, Bruce (2013年11月13日). “Why you should use a BSD style license for your Open Source Project - GPL Advantages and Disadvantages”. FreeBSD. 2015年11月28日閲覧。 “In contrast to the GPL, which is designed to prevent the proprietary commercialization of Open Source code, the BSD license places minimal restrictions on future behavior. This allows BSD code to remain Open Source or become integrated into commercial solutions, as a project's or company's needs change. In other words, the BSD license does not become a legal time-bomb at any point in the development process. In addition, since the BSD license does not come with the legal complexity of the GPL or LGPL licenses, it allows developers and companies to spend their time creating and promoting good code rather than worrying if that code violates licensing.”
^ Larabel, Michael (2010年3月26日). “NVIDIA Drops Their Open-Source Driver, Refers Users To VESA Driver”. Phoronix. 2018年3月10日閲覧。 “The xf86-video-nv driver has been around that provides very basic 2D acceleration and a crippled set of features besides that (no proper RandR 1.2/1.3, KMS, power management, etc.) while the code has also been obfuscated to try to protect their intellectual property.”
^ “What is free software?”. Free Software Foundation. 2018年3月10日閲覧。 “Obfuscated “source code” is not real source code and does not count as source code.”
^ “Reasoning behind the "preferred form" language in the GPL”. lwn.net (2011年3月7日). 2013年8月19日閲覧。
^ Olson, Mike (13 November 2013). Opportunities Abound in the Big Data Space. Stanford eCorner. Stanford University.
^ Sprewell (2010年4月29日). “Towards A Real Business Model For Open-Source Software”. Phoronix. 2018年3月10日閲覧。
^ ^a ^b Martin, Alexander J (2016年8月24日). “MySQL daddy Widenius: Open-source religion won't feed MariaDB”. The Register（英語版）
^ Phipps, Simon (2016年8月19日). “Uproar: MariaDB Corp. veers away from open source”. InfoWorld. 2018年3月10日閲覧。
^ “id Software releases Doom 3 source code”. The H Open (2011年11月23日). 2013年12月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2018年2月20日閲覧。
^ Spencer, Spanner (2009年3月24日). “id Software makes iPhone Wolfenstein open source”. PocketGamer.co.uk. 2018年2月20日閲覧。
^ Siegler, Joe (2005年4月1日). “Shadow Warrior Source Code Released”. 3D Realms. 2018年2月20日閲覧。
^ “Games”. 3D Realms. 2018年2月20日閲覧。 “Selected games have had their source code released by us. These games are: Duke Nukem 3D, Shadow Warrior, Rise of the Triad, Word Whiz, Beyond the Titanic, Supernova, & Kroz. You can obtain these from our downloads page.”
^ Andersen, John (2011年1月27日). “Where Games Go To Sleep: The Game Preservation Crisis, Part 1”. Gamasutra. 2013年1月10日閲覧。 “The existence of decaying technology, disorganization, and poor storage could in theory put a video game to sleep permanently -- never to be played again. Troubling admissions have surfaced over the years concerning video game preservation. When questions concerning re-releases of certain game titles are brought up during interviews with developers, for example, these developers would reveal issues of game production material being lost or destroyed. Certain game titles could not see a re-release due to various issues. One story began to circulate of source code being lost altogether for a well-known RPG, preventing its re-release on a new console.”
^ Bell, John (2009年10月1日). “Opening the Source of Art”. Technology Innovation Management Review. 2014年3月30日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月9日閲覧。 “[...]that no further patches to the title would be forthcoming. The community was predictably upset. Instead of giving up on the game, users decided that if Activision wasn't going to fix the bugs, they would. They wanted to save the game by getting Activision to open the source so it could be kept alive beyond the point where Activision lost interest. With some help from members of the development team that were active on fan forums, they were eventually able to convince Activision to release Call to Power II's source code in October of 2003.”
^ “NETSCAPE ANNOUNCES PLANS TO MAKE NEXT-GENERATION COMMUNICATOR SOURCE CODE AVAILABLE FREE ON THE NET”. Netscape Communications Corporation (1998年1月22日). 2007年4月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年8月8日閲覧。 “BOLD MOVE TO HARNESS CREATIVE POWER OF THOUSANDS OF INTERNET DEVELOPERS; COMPANY MAKES NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR AND COMMUNICATOR 4.0 IMMEDIATELY FREE FOR ALL USERS, SEEDING MARKET FOR ENTERPRISE AND NETCENTER BUSINESSES”
^ “MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., April 1 /PRNewswire/ -- Netscape Communications and open source developers are celebrating the first anniversary, March 31, 1999, of the release of Netscape's browser source code to mozilla.org”. Netscape Communications (1999年3月31日). 2013年1月10日閲覧。 “[...] The organization that manages open source developers working on the next generation of Netscape's browser and communication software. This event marked a historical milestone for the Internet as Netscape became the first major commercial software company to open its source code, a trend that has since been followed by several other corporations. Since the code was first published on the Internet, thousands of individuals and organizations have downloaded it and made hundreds of contributions to the software. Mozilla.org is now celebrating this one-year anniversary with a party Thursday night in San Francisco.”
^ Proffitt, Brian (2000年10月13日). “StarOffice Code Released in Largest Open Source Project”. linuxtoday.com. 2013年10月16日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年1月10日閲覧。 “Sun's joint effort with CollabNet kicked into high gear on the OpenOffice Web site at 5 a.m. PST this morning with the release of much of the source code for the upcoming 6.0 version of StarOffice. According to Sun, this release of 9 million lines of code under GPL is the beginning of the largest open source software project ever.”