SortedList.System.Collections.IDictionary.Add メソッドとは? わかりやすく解説

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SortedList.System.Collections.IDictionary.Add メソッド

メモ : このメソッドは、.NET Framework version 2.0新しく追加されたものです。

指定したキーおよび値を持つ要素を IDictionary に追加します

名前空間: System.Collections.Generic
アセンブリ: System (system.dll 内)
構文構文

Private Sub System.Collections.IDictionary.Add
 ( _
    key As Object, _
    value As Object _
) Implements IDictionary.Add
Dim instance As SortedList(Of
 TKey, TValue)
Dim key As Object
Dim value As Object

CType(instance, IDictionary).Add(key, value)
void IDictionary.Add (
    Object key,
    Object value
)
private:
virtual void System.Collections.IDictionary.Add (
    Object^ key, 
    Object^ value
) sealed = IDictionary::Add

パラメータ

key

追加する要素キーとして使用する Object

value

追加する要素の値として使用する Object

例外例外
例外種類条件

ArgumentNullException

keynull 参照 (Visual Basic では Nothing) です。

ArgumentException

key が、IDictionaryキーの型 TKey代入できない型です。

または

value が、IDictionary値型 TValue代入できない型です。

または

同じキー持つ要素が、IDictionary に既に存在します

解説解説

Item プロパティ使用すると、ディクショナリ内に存在しないキーの値を設定することで、新し要素追加することもできます (例 : myCollection["myNonexistentKey"] = myValue)。ただし、指定したキーがディクショナリに既に存在する場合Item プロパティ設定すると、既存の値が上書きされます対照的にAdd メソッド既存要素変更しません。

このメソッドは、並べ替えられていないデータ対する O(n) 操作です。ここで、nCount です。新し要素リスト末尾追加される場合は、O(log n) 操作です。挿入によってサイズ変更発生する場合操作は O(n) になります

使用例使用例

System.Collections.IDictionary インターフェイス使って SortedList クラスアクセスする方法次のコード例示します。このコード例では、文字列キーを含む文字列の空の SortedList作成しSystem.Collections.IDictionary.Add メソッド使用していくつかの要素追加します。この例では、重複するキー追加しようとした場合、またはデータ型適切でないキーや値を指定した場合に、System.Collections.IDictionary.Add メソッドによって ArgumentExceptionスローされることを示してます。

このコード例では、System.Collections.IDictionary インターフェイスにあるその他いくつかのメンバについても使用方法示してます。

Imports System
Imports System.Collections
Imports System.Collections.Generic

Public Class Example
    
    Public Shared Sub Main()
 

        ' Create a new sorted list of strings, with string keys,
        ' and access it using the IDictionary interface.
        '
        Dim openWith As IDictionary = _
            New sortedList(Of String,
 String)
        
        ' Add some elements to the sorted list. There are no 
        ' duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        ' IDictionary.Add throws an exception if incorrect types
        ' are supplied for key or value.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe")
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe")
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe")
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe")
        Try
            openWith.Add(42, New Example())
        Catch ex As ArgumentException
            Console.WriteLine("An exception was caught for "
 & _
                "IDictionary.Add. Exception message:"
 & vbLf _
                & vbTab & ex.Message & vbLf)
        End Try
        
        ' The Add method throws an exception if the new key is 
        ' already in the sorted list.
        Try
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe")
        Catch 
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = ""txt""
 already exists.")
        End Try

        ' The Item property is the default property, so you 
        ' can omit its name when accessing elements. 
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""rtf"",
 value = {0}.", _
            openWith("rtf"))
        
        ' The default Item property can be used to change the value
        ' associated with a key.
        openWith("rtf") = "winword.exe"
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""rtf"",
 value = {0}.", _
            openWith("rtf"))
        
        ' If a key does not exist, setting the default Item property
        ' for that key adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith("doc") = "winword.exe"

        ' The default Item property returns Nothing if the key
        ' is of the wrong data type.
        Console.WriteLine("The default Item property returns Nothing"
 _
            & " if the key is of the wrong type:")
        Console.WriteLine("For key = 2, value = {0}.",
 _
            openWith(2))

        ' The default Item property throws an exception when setting
        ' a value if the key is of the wrong data type.
        Try
            openWith(2) = "This does not get added."
        Catch 
            Console.WriteLine("A key of the wrong type was specified"
 _
                & " when setting the default Item property.")
        End Try

        ' Unlike the default Item property on the SortedList class
        ' itself, IDictionary.Item does not throw an exception
        ' if the requested key is not in the sorted list.
        Console.WriteLine("For key = ""tif"",
 value = {0}.", _
            openWith("tif"))

        ' Contains can be used to test keys before inserting 
        ' them.
        If Not openWith.Contains("ht")
 Then
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe")
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = ""ht"":
 {0}", _
                openWith("ht"))
        End If

        ' IDictionary.Contains returns False if the wrong data 
        ' type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine("openWith.Contains(29.7) returns {0}",
 _
            openWith.Contains(29.7))

        ' When you use foreach to enumerate sorted list elements
        ' with the IDictionary interface, the elements are retrieved
        ' as DictionaryEntry objects instead of KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each de As DictionaryEntry
 In openWith
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}",
 _
                de.Key, de.Value)
        Next 

        ' To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        Dim icoll As ICollection = openWith.Values
        
        ' The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        ' with the type that was specified for sorted list values,
        ' even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        ' typed.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String
 In  icoll
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s)
        Next s

        ' To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        icoll = openWith.Keys
        
        ' The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        ' with the type that was specified for sorted list keys,
        ' even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        ' typed.
        Console.WriteLine()
        For Each s As String
 In  icoll
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s)
        Next s

        ' Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair. No
        ' exception is thrown if the wrong data type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine(vbLf + "Remove(""dib"")")
        openWith.Remove("dib")
        
        If Not openWith.Contains("dib")
 Then
            Console.WriteLine("Key ""dib""
 is not found.")
        End If

    End Sub

End Class

' This code example produces the following output:
'
'An exception was caught for IDictionary.Add. Exception message:
'        The value "42" is not of type "System.String"
 and cannot be used in this generic collection.
'Parameter name: key
'
'An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
'For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
'For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
'The default Item property returns Nothing if the key is of the wrong
 type:
'For key = 2, value = .
'A key of the wrong type was specified when setting the default Item
 property.
'For key = "tif", value = .
'Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
'openWith.Contains(29.7) returns False
'
'Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
'Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
'Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
'Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
'Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
'Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
'
'Value = notepad.exe
'Value = paint.exe
'Value = paint.exe
'Value = winword.exe
'Value = winword.exe
'Value = hypertrm.exe
'
'Key = txt
'Key = bmp
'Key = dib
'Key = rtf
'Key = doc
'Key = ht
'
'Remove("dib")
'Key "dib" is not found.
' 
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create a new sorted list of strings, with string keys,
        // and access it using the IDictionary interface.
        //
        IDictionary openWith = new SortedList<string,
 string>();

        // Add some elements to the sorted list. There are no 
        // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        // IDictionary.Add throws an exception if incorrect types
        // are supplied for key or value.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");
        try
        {
            openWith.Add(42, new Example());
        }
        catch (ArgumentException ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An exception was caught for
 " + 
                "IDictionary.Add. Exception message:\n\t{0}\n",
                ex.Message);
        }

        // The Add method throws an exception if the new key is 
        // already in the sorted list.
        try
        {
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe");
        }
        catch (ArgumentException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already
 exists.");
        }

        // The Item property is another name for the indexer, so you
 
        // can omit its name when accessing elements. 
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
 
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // The indexer can be used to change the value associated
        // with a key.
        openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.",
 
            openWith["rtf"]);

        // If a key does not exist, setting the indexer for that key
        // adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe";

        // The indexer returns null if the key is of the wrong data
 
        // type.
        Console.WriteLine("The indexer returns null"
 
            + " if the key is of the wrong type:");
        Console.WriteLine("For key = 2, value = {0}.", 
            openWith[2]);

        // The indexer throws an exception when setting a value
        // if the key is of the wrong data type.
        try
        {
            openWith[2] = "This does not get added.";
        }
        catch (ArgumentException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("A key of the wrong type was specified" 
                + " when assigning to the indexer.");
        }

        // Unlike the default Item property on the SorteList class
        // itself, IDictionary.Item does not throw an exception
        // if the requested key is not in the sorted list.
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.",
 
            openWith["tif"]);

        // Contains can be used to test keys before inserting 
        // them.
        if (!openWith.Contains("ht"))
        {
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe");
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\":
 {0}", 
                openWith["ht"]);
        }

        // IDictionary.Contains returns false if the wrong data
        // type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine("openWith.Contains(29.7) returns {0}",
            openWith.Contains(29.7));

        // When you use foreach to enumerate sorted list elements
        // with the IDictionary interface, the elements are retrieved
        // as DictionaryEntry objects instead of KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( DictionaryEntry de in openWith
 )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", 
                de.Key, de.Value);
        }

        // To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        ICollection icoll = openWith.Values;

        // The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        // with the type that was specified for values,
        // even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        // typed.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in
 icoll )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s);
        }

        // To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        icoll = openWith.Keys;

        // The elements of the collection are strongly typed
        // with the type that was specified for keys,
        // even though the ICollection interface is not strongly
        // typed.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in
 icoll )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s);
        }

        // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair. No
        // exception is thrown if the wrong data type is supplied.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(\"dib\")");
        openWith.Remove("dib");

        if (!openWith.Contains("dib"))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key \"dib\" is not found.");
        }
    }
}

/* This code example produces the following output:

An exception was caught for IDictionary.Add. Exception message:
        The value "42" is not of type "System.String" and cannot
 be used in this generic collection.
Parameter name: key

An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
The indexer returns null if the key is of the
 wrong type:
For key = 2, value = .
A key of the wrong type was specified when assigning to the indexer.
For key = "tif", value = .
Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
openWith.Contains(29.7) returns False

Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe

Value = notepad.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = hypertrm.exe

Key = txt
Key = bmp
Key = dib
Key = rtf
Key = doc
Key = ht

Remove("dib")
Key "dib" is not found.
 */
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バージョン情報バージョン情報
参照参照
関連項目
SortedList ジェネリック クラス
SortedList メンバ
System.Collections.Generic 名前空間
IDictionary.Item プロパティ



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