革新主義時代
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アメリカ合衆国の革新主義時代（かくしんしゅぎじだい、別名進歩主義時代 しんぽしゅぎじだい、英: Progressive Era）は、1890年代から1920年代にかけて、社会と政治の改革が著しく進んだ時代である[1]。進歩主義運動（革新主義運動）の主たる目的の1つは政府の浄化であり、政治を蝕んでいた政治マシーンとボスの内情を暴露し、その力を弱めることで政府内の腐敗を取り去ろうとした。進歩主義者（革新主義者）の全員ではないがその多くは、酒場を基盤とする地方ボスの政治力を殺ぐために禁酒法を支持した[2]。これと同時に「より純粋な」女性の票を政治に取り込むために女性参政権の承認取得を推進した[3]。運動の2つめの目的は、近代化を必要とする古いやり方を特定し、科学的、医学的かつ工学的な解決策を強調することで、あらゆる分野における効率化を成し遂げることだった。
- ^ John D. Buenker, John C. Burnham, and Robert M. Crunden, Progressivism (1986) pp 3–21
- ^ James H. Timberlake, Prohibition and the progressive movement, 1900–1920 (1970) pp 1–7
- ^ On purification, see David W. Southern, The Malignant Heritage: Yankee Progressives and the Negro Question, 1901–1914, (1968); Southern, The Progressive Era And Race: Reaction And Reform 1900–1917 (2005); Steven Mintz, "Beaner Restriction" in Digital History; Norman H. Clark, Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition (1976) p 170; and Aileen Kraditor, The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement: 1890–1920 (1967). 134–36
- ^ a b Richard Hofstadter, The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington (1968)
- ^ a b Joseph Dorfman, The economic mind in American civilization, 1918–1933 (vol 3, 1969
- ^ a b Barry Karl, Charles E. Merriam and the Study of Politics (1975)
- ^ George Mowry, The California Progressives (1963) p 91.
- ^ Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (1998)
- ^ Lewis L. Gould , America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914 (2000)
- ^ David B. Tyack, The One Best System: A History of American Urban Education (Harvard UP, 1974), p. 39
- ^ David E. Kyvig, Explicit and authentic acts: amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776–1995 (Kansas UP, 1996) pp 208–14
- ^ Robert Miraldi, ed. The Muckrakers: Evangelical Crusaders (Praeger, 2000)
- ^ Harry H. Stein, "American Muckrakers and Muckraking: The 50-Year Schol arship," Journalism Quarterly, Spring 1979 v56 n1 pp 9–17
- ^ John D. Buenker, and Robert M. Crunden. Progressivism (1986); Maureen Flanagan, America Reformed: Progressives and Progressivisms, 1890s–1920s (2007)
- ^ Samuel Haber, Efficiency and Uplift Scientific Management in the Progressive Era 1890–1920 (1964)656
- ^ John M. Allswang, The initiative and referendum in California, 1898–1998, (2000) ch 1
- ^ “State Initiative and Referendum Summary”. State Initiative & Referendum Institute at USC. 2006年11月27日閲覧。
- ^ Alan Ware, The American direct primary: party institutionalization and transformation (2002)
- ^ Christopher Hoebeke, The road to mass democracy: original intent and the Seventeenth Amendment (1995) p 18
- ^ Kenneth Finegold, "Traditional Reform, Municipal Populism, and Progressivism," Urban Affairs Review, Sept 1995, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p 20-42
- ^ Arthur E. DeMatteo, "The Progressive As Elitist: 'Golden Rule' Jones And The Toledo Charter Reform Campaign of 1901," Northwest Ohio Quarterly, 1997, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p 8-30
- ^ Eugene M. Tobin, "The Progressive as Single Taxer: Mark Fagan and the Jersey City Experience, 1900–1917," American Journal of Economics & Sociology, July 1974, Vol. 33 Issue 3, pp 287–298
- ^ Martin J. Schiesl, "Progressive Reform in Los Angeles under Mayor Alexander, 1909–1913," California Historical Quarterly, 1975, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p 37-56
- ^ G. Wayne Dowdy, "'A Business Government by a Business Man': E. H. Crump as a Progressive Mayor, 1910–1915," Tennessee Historical Quarterly, Sep 2001, Vol. 60 Issue 3, pp 162–175
- ^ William E. Ellis, "Robert Worth Bingham and Louisville Progressivism, 1905–1910," Filson Club History Quarterly, 1980, Vol. 54 Issue 2, pp 169–195
- ^ William Thomas Hutchinson, Lowden of Illinois: the life of Frank O. Lowden (1957) vol 2
- ^ “Progressivism and the Wisconsin Idea”. Wisconsin Historical Society (2008年2月6日). 2012年6月9日閲覧。
- ^ Gwendoline Alphonso, "Hearth and Soul: Economics and Culture in Partisan Conceptions of the Family in the Progressive Era, 1900–1920," Studies in American Political Development, Oct 2010, Vol. 24 Issue 2, pp 206–232
- ^ D'Ann Campbell, "Judge Ben Lindsey and the Juvenile Court Movement, 1901–1904," Arizona and the West, 1976, Vol. 18 Issue 1, pp 5–20
- ^ Marc T. Law, "The Origins of State Pure Food Regulation," Journal of Economic History, Dec 2003, Vol. 63 Issue 4, pp 1103–1131
- ^ Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press 1994
- ^ a b J. Stanley Lemons, "The Sheppard-Towner Act: Progressivism in the 1920s," Journal of American History Vol. 55, No. 4 (Mar., 1969), pp. 776–786 in JSTOR
- ^ Leonard, Thomas C. (2005) Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4): 207–224
- ^ Nancy Cohen, The reconstruction of American liberalism, 1865–1914 (2002) p 243
- ^ Celeste Michelle Condit, The meanings of the gene: public debates about human heredity (1999) p. 51
- ^ David E. Kyvig, Explicit and authentic acts: amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776–1995 (1996)
- ^ K. Austin Kerr, Organized for Prohibition: A New History of the Anti-Saloon League (1985).
- ^ James Timberlake, Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900–1920 (Harvard UP, 1963)
- ^ Jack S. Blocker, American Temperance Movements: Cycles of Reform (1989)
- ^ Jed Dannenbaum, Drink and Disorder: Temperance Reform in Cincinnati from the Washingtonian Revival to the WCTU (1984)
- ^ Kerr, Organized for Prohibition: A New History of the Anti-Saloon League (1985)
- ^ S.J. Mennell, "Prohibition: A Sociological View," Journal of American Studies 3, no. 2 (1969): 159–175.
- ^ David E. Kyvig,Repealing National Prohibition (Kent State University Press. 2000)
- ^ a b Kyvig, Repealing National Prohibition
- ^ David B. Tyack, The One Best System: A History of American Urban Education (Harvard University Press, 1974)
- ^ State Compulsory School Attendance Laws
- ^ Engs, Ruth C. (2003). The progressive era's health reform movement: a historical dictionary. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. pp. 20–22. ISBN 0-275-97932-6
- ^ Abraham Flexner, Flexner Report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada 1910 (new edition 1960)
- ^ Lawrence Friedman and Mark McGarvie, Charity, philanthropy, and civility in American history (2003) p. 231
- ^ W. Bruce Fye, "The Origins and Evolution of the Mayo Clinic from 1864 to 1939: A Minnesota Family Practice Becomes an International 'Medical Mecca'", Bulletin of the History of Medicine Volume 84, Number 3, Fall 2010 pp. 323–357 in Project MUSE
- ^ Steven J. Diner, A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era (1998) p. 186
- ^ Ballard Campbell, "Economic Causes of Progressivism," Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, Jan 2005, Vol. 4 Issue 1, pp 7–22
- ^ a b Harold U. Faulkner, The Decline of Laissez Faire, 1897–1917 (1951)
- ^ Vincent W. Howard, "Woodrow Wilson, The Press, and Presidential Leadership: Another Look at the Passage of the Underwood Tariff, 1913," CR: The Centennial Review, 1980, Vol. 24 Issue 2, pp 167–184
- ^ Arthur S. Link, Woodrow Wilson and the progressive Era, 1910-1917 (1954) pp 25–80
- ^ Julie Greene, Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism, 1881–1917 (1998)
- ^ Robert D. Parmet, Labor and immigration in industrial America (1987) p. 146
- ^ Gwendolyn Mink, Old Labor and New Immigrants in American Political Development: Union, Party and State, 1875–1920 (1990)
- ^ Daniel J. Tichenor, Dividing lines: the politics of immigration control in America (2002) p. 71
- ^ Claudia Goldin, "The Political Economy of Immigration Restriction in the United States, 1890 to 1921," in Goldin, The regulated economy (1994) ch 7
- ^ Thomas C. Leonard, "Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era" Journal of Economic Perspectives, (2005) 19(4): 207–224
- ^ James R. Barrett, "Americanization from the Bottom, Up: Immigration and the Remaking of the American Working Class, 1880–1930," Journal of American History 79 (December 1992): 996–1020. in JSTOR
- ^ Christina A. Ziegler-McPherson, Americanization in the States: Immigrant Social Welfare Policy, Citizenship, and National Identity in the United States, 1908–1929 (2009)
- ^ Eric Goldman, Rendezvous with Destiny: A History of Modern American Reform (1952)
- ^ Melvin G. Holli, Reform in Detroit: Hazen S. Pingree and Urban Politics (1969)
- ^ David P. Thelen, The New Citizenship: Origins of Progressivism in Wisconsin, 1885–1900 (1972)
- ^ Paul L. Murphy, World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States (1979)
- ^ John Milton Cooper, Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations (2010)
- ^ Richard Hofstadter, The Age of Reform (1955) p. 287
- ^ Arthur S. Link, “What Happened to the Progressive Movement in the 1920s?," American Historical Review Vol. 64, No. 4 (Jul., 1959), pp. 833–851 in JSTOR
- ^ Niall A. Palmer, The twenties in America: politics and history (2006) p 176
- ^ Patrick Gerster and Nicholas Cords, Myth in American history (1977) p 203
- ^ Stanley Coben, "Ordinary white Protestants: The KKK of the 1920s," Journal of Social History, Fall 1994, Vol. 28 Issue 1, pp 155–65
- ^ Rodney P. Carlisle, Hearst and the New Deal: The Progressive as Reactionary (1979)
- ^ Reynold M. Wik, "Henry Ford's Science and Technology for Rural America," Technology & Culture, July 1962, Vol. 3 Issue 3, pp 247–257
- ^ George B. Tindall, "Business Progressivism: Southern Politics in the Twenties," South Atlantic Quarterly 62 (Winter 1963): 92–106.
- ^ George B. Tindall, The Emergence of the New South, 1913–1945 (1970)
- ^ William A. Link, The Paradox of Southern Progressivism, 1880–1930 (1997) p 294
- ^ Judith Sealander, Grand Plans: Business Progressivism and Social Change in Ohio's Miami Valley, 1890–1929 (1991)
- ^ Maureen A. Flanagan, America Reformed: Progressives and Progressivisms, 1890s–1920s (2006)
- ^ Susan Zeiger, "Finding a cure for war: Women's politics and the peace movement in the 1920s," Journal of Social History, Fall 1990, Vol. 24 Issue 1, pp 69–86 in JSTOR
- ^ Jayne Morris-Crowther, "Municipal Housekeeping: The Political Activities of the Detroit Federation of Women's Clubs in the 1920s," Michigan Historical Review, March 2004, Vol. 30 Issue 1, pp 31–57
- ^ Kristi Andersen, After suffrage: women in partisan and electoral politics before the New Deal (1996)
- ^ Paula S. Fass, The damned and the beautiful: American youth in the 1920s (1977) p 30
- ^ Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (2000) ch 9
- ^ Otis L. Graham, An Encore for Reform: The Old Progressives and the New Deal (1968)
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