スペインによるアステカ帝国の征服
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/03/31 21:39 UTC 版)
メキシコ征服やスペイン・アステカ戦争(1519年–1521年)[6]、テノチティトラン征服としても知られるスペインによるアステカ帝国の征服(スペインによるアステカていこくのせいふく)はスペインによるアメリカ大陸の植民地化における主要な事件の一つであった。スペイン人コンキスタドールや先住民の連合、敗れたアステカによる事件の16世紀の多様な物語がある。単にアステカへの属国とのスペイン侵略者の連合を除くアステカ王国を破ったスペインの小規模な派遣団ではなく、殆どは特にアステカにとって先住民の敵であり対抗者であった。2年を超えてテノチティトランのメシカを破ろうと部隊を連合した。スペインにとってメキシコは25年間の永続的なスペイン人の入植と更にカリブ海地域の探検の後のスペインの新世界の植民地化計画の一環であった。
- ^ “Indigeniso e hispanismo”. Arqueología mexicana. 2016年3月4日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年10月20日閲覧。 (Spanish)
- ^ a b Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes, and the Fall of Old Mexico, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 528–529.
- ^ a b c Clodfelter 2017, p. 32.
- ^ Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0140441239: states that Cortes's men lost all the artillery they had initially arrived with during La Noche Triste.
- ^ Bernard Grunberg, "La folle aventure d'Hernan Cortés", in L'Histoire n°322, July–August 2007: states that Cortes arrived in Mexico with 15 cannons, before acquiring the forces of en:Pánfilo de Narváez.
- ^ a b c d Restall, Matthew (15 January 2019). When Montezuma met Cortés : the true story of the meeting that changed history. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-242727-4. OCLC 1042102952
- ^ a b “Conquest of the Aztec Empire Part I” (英語). www.spanishwars.net. 2017年5月6日閲覧。
- ^ Townsend, Camilla. Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. p. 92
- ^ a b Mark A. Burkholder, Lyman L. Johnson (2019). Colonial Latin America (10th ed.). 2019. pp. 54–57. ISBN 9780190642402 2020年12月6日閲覧。
- ^ Schwartz, Stuart B. (2000). Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico. Boston: Bedford/St Martin's. pp. 157. ISBN 978-0-312-39355-7
- ^ Ida Altman, et al. The Early History of Greater Mexico, Pearson, 2003, p. 59.
- ^ Schwartz, Stuart B. (2000). Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins. pp. 157. ISBN 978-0-312-39355-7
- ^ Egerton, Douglas R. (2007). The Atlantic World. Wheeling, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc.. pp. 100. ISBN 978-0-88295-245-1
- ^ a b Ross Hassig (2006). Aztec Warfare. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London. ISBN 978-0806137933 2020年12月6日閲覧。
- ^ Douglas, Daniel (1992). “Tactical Factors in the Spanish Conquest of the Aztecs”. Anthropological Quarterly 65 (4): 187–194. doi:10.2307/3317246. JSTOR 3317246.
- ^ Lockhart and Schwartz, Early Latin America (1983). See especially chapter 3, "From islands to the mainland: the Caribbean phase and subsequent conquests."
- ^ Townsend, Camilla. "Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico" University of New Mexico Press, 2006. p, 36
- ^ a b Timeline of Hernan Cortes' Conquest of the Aztecs, https://www.thoughtco.com/hernan-cortes-conquest-of-aztecs-timeline-2136533
- ^ Thomas, Hugh. “Conquest.” Apple Books https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/conquest/id593921773?mt=11
- ^ Cempoala http://www.mexicoarcheology.com/cempoala/
- ^ Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. p. 55-56
- ^ Levy, Buddy. Conquistador: Hernan Cortes, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs. p 62-64
- ^ Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes, and the Fall of Old Mexico. p. 237
- ^ Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortes, and the Fall of Old Mexico. p. 237-246
- ^ Townsend, Camilla. Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. p. 60-62
- ^ "Spaniards Attack Cholulans From Díaz del Castillo, Vol. 2, Chapter 83". American Historical Association. Archived from the original on 2012-10-08. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ Díaz del Castillo, Bernal; "Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España" cap CXXX pp.104-108.
- ^ Robert Ricard, The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico. Translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press 1966.
- ^ Sarah Cline, "Conquest Narratives," in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerica, David Carrasco, ed. New York: Oxford University Press 2001, vol. 1, p. 248
- ^ Ida Altman, Sarah Cline, and Javier Pescador, The Early History of Greater Mexico, chapter 4, "Narratives of the Conquest". Pearson, 2003, pp. 73–96
- ^ A BIBLIOGRAPHIC INTRODUCTION TO TWENTY MANUSCRIPTS OF CLASSICAL NAHUATL LITERATURE Willard P. Gingerich University of Pittsburgh 1975 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2502581
- ^ James Lockhart, We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, translated and edited. University of California Press, 1991, p. 39
- ^ Patricia de Fuentes, ed. The Conquistadors: First-Person Accounts the Conquest of Mexico, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1993. Previously published by Orion Press 1963.
- ^ "Two Letters of Pedro de Alvarado" in The Conquistadors, Patricia de Fuente, editor and translator. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1993, pp. 182–96
- ^ "The Cronicle of the Anonymous Conquistador" in The Conquistadors: First-person Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico Patricia de Fuente, (editor and trans). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1993, pp. 165–81
- ^ James Lockhart, We People Here, University of California Press 1991, pp. 289–97
- ^ Fernando Alva Ixtlilxochitil, Ally of Cortés: Account 13 of the Coming of the Spaniards and the Beginning of the Evangelical Law. Douglass K. Ballentine, translator. El Paso: Texas Western Press 1969
- ^ Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, The Conquest of New Spain, 1585 Revision translated by Howard F. Cline, with an introduction by S.L. Cline. University of Utah Press 1989.
- ^ Fray Diego Durán, The History of the Indies of New Spain [1581], Trans., annotated, and with an introduction by Doris Heyden. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
- ^ James Lockhart, We People Here: Nahuatl Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, University of California Press 1991, pp. 256–73
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k León-Portilla, M. 1992, The Broken Spears: The Aztec Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico. Boston: Beacon Press, ISBN 978-0807055014
- ^ S.L. Cline "Introduction," History of the Conquest of New Spain, 1585 Revision by Bernardino de Sahagún, Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press 1989.
- ^ Lockhart, James, "Introduction" to William Hickling Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico, New York: The Modern Library, 2001, p. xxv.
- ^ Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of the Things of New Spain (The Florentine Codex). Book 12. Arthur J.O. Anderson and Charles Dibble, translators. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
- ^ a b c Tsouras, Peter (2005). Moctezuma: Warlord of the Aztecs. Washington, DC: University of Nebraska Press
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0140441239
- ^ a b Egerton, Douglas R. (2007). The Atlantic World. Wheeling, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc.. pp. 97. ISBN 978-0-88295-245-1
- ^ Camilla Townsend, "Burying the White Gods: New Perspectives on the Conquest of Mexico" The American Historical Review Vol. 108, No. 3 (June 2003), pp. 659–87
- ^ Levy, Thomas. Conquest: Cortes, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico. p. 43
- ^ Restall, Matthew. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. Oxford University Press (2003), ISBN 0-19-516077-0
- ^ Schwartz, Stuart B., ed. Victors and Vanquished: Spanish and Nahua Views of the Conquest of Mexico. Boston: Bedforf, 2000.
- ^ (p. 192)
- ^ a b Cohen, Sara E. (March 1972). “How the Aztecs Appraised Montezuma”. The History Teacher 5 (3): 21–30. doi:10.2307/491417. JSTOR 491417.
- ^ a b Hassig, Ross, Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. Longman: London and New York, 1994. p. 45
- ^ Ida Altman, S.L. (Sarah) Cline, The Early History of Greater Mexico, Pearson, 2003, p. 54
- ^ David A. Boruchoff, "Hernán Cortés," International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd ed. (Detroit: Macmillan, 2008), vol. 2, pp. 146–49.
- ^ Boruchoff, "Hernán Cortés."
- ^ Hassig, Ross, Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. Longman: London and New York, 1994. p. 46.
- ^ Thomas, Hugh. Conquest: Montezuma, Cortés, and the Fall of Old Mexico p. 141
- ^ James Lockhart, Spanish Peru, 1532–1560, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1968.
- ^ ゲレロは「アギラール兄さん、私は結婚し子供が3人いて、人々はここでは私をカシケと見、戦時には指導者になります・・・しかし顔には刺青があり耳にはピアスがあります。このような私を見たらスペイン人は何と言うでしょうか。この子達が何と目鼻立ちが整っているか見てください!」と答えたと伝えられている。( 60頁)
- ^ Townsend, Camilla (2006) (English). Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 12. ISBN 978-0826334053
- ^ “Conquistadors – Cortés”. PBS. 2010年10月31日閲覧。[リンク切れ]
- ^ Karttunen, Frances. "Malinche and Malinchismo" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 2, p. 777-78. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997.
- ^ Tuck, Jim (2008年10月9日). “Affirmative action and Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) : Mexico History”. Mexconnect.com. 2010年10月31日閲覧。
- ^ Karttunen, Frances. "Rethinking Malinche," in Indian Women: Gender Differences and Identity in Early Mexico. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1993.
- ^ See: Restall, Matthew. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2003.
- ^ Matthew Restall, "Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest", 2003
- ^ Cortés Burns His Boats pbs.org
- ^ “Conquistadors – Cortés”. PBS. 2010年10月31日閲覧。
- ^ Hugh Tomas, The conquest of Mexico, 1994
- ^ Evans, Susan Toby (2001). Archaeology of ancient Mexico and Central America, an Encyclopedia. New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 139–41
- ^ “Empires Past: Aztecs: Conquest”. Library.thinkquest.org. 2009年2月2日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年10月31日閲覧。
- ^ Informantes de Sahagún: Códice Florentino, lib. XII, cap. X.; Spanish version by Angel Ma. Garibay K.
- ^ a b Russell, Philip L. (2010). The history of Mexico from pre-conquest to present. New York: Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 9781136968280 2016年10月21日閲覧。
- ^ Denevan, William M., ed (1992). The Native population of the Americas in 1492 (2nd ed.). Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 148–49. ISBN 9780299134334 2016年10月21日閲覧。
- ^ Carrasco, David (2000). The Return of Quetzalcoatl and the Irony of Empire: Myths and Prophecies in the Aztec Tradition. University Press of Colorado. pp. 150
- ^ a b c Brooks, Francis J. (May 1995). “Motecuzoma Xocoyotl, Hernán Cortés, and Bernal Díaz del Castillo: The Construction of an Arrest”. The Hispanic American Historical Review 75. No. 2: 149–83.
- ^ Prescott, William H. (1873). The History of the Conquest of Mexico. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. pp. 82–83
- ^ Egerton, Douglas R. (2007). The Atlantic World. Wheeling, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc.. pp. 98. ISBN 978-0-88295-245-1
- ^ Anonymous informants of Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book XII, chapter XVI, translation from Nahuatl by Angel Ma. Garibay
- ^ Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. (1990). “Review: Aztec Religion and Warfare: Past and Present Perspectives”. Latin American Research Review 25 N.2: 248–59. doi:10.1017/S0023879100023487.
- ^ Nagao, Debra (Winter 1990). “Reviewed Work: The Great Temple of Tenochtitlan: Center and Periphery in the Aztec World by Johanna Broda, David Carrasco, Eduardo Matos Moctezuma”. Ethnohistory 37 (1): 97–99. doi:10.2307/481953. JSTOR 481953.
- ^ a b Egerton, Douglas R. (2007). The Atlantic World. Wheeling, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc.. pp. 99. ISBN 978-0-88295-245-1
- ^ Matthew, Laura E. (2012). Memories of Conquest: Becoming Mexicano in Colonial Guatemala. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-0179-3
- ^ Díaz del Castillo, Bernal (1800). The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
- ^ Hakim, Joy (2005). The First Americans: Prehistory - 1600 (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 110
- ^ Gorenstein (1993, xiv).
- ^ Gorenstein (1993, xv). ある出典によるとタンガスアン2世は馬に引きずられ焼かれた。
- ^ Nancy Marguerite Farriss (1984). Maya Society Under Colonial Rule: The Collective Enterprise of Survival. Princeton UP. pp. 58–59. ISBN 0691101582
- ^ “John P. Schmal”. Somosprimos.com. 2010年10月31日閲覧。
- ^ Charles Gibson, Tlaxcala in the Sixteenth Century, New Haven: Yale University Press 1952
- ^ Charles Gibson, The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810, Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964.
- ^ Review by Benjamin Keen in Hispanic American Historical Review Vol. 45, No. 3 (Aug. 1965), pp. 477–80
- ^ James Lockhart, The Nahuas After the Conquest: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology, Stanford: Stanford University Press 1992.
- ^ Frances Karttunen, "Aztec Literacy," in George A. Coller et al., eds. The Inca and Aztec States, pp. 395–417. New York: Academic Press 1982.
- ^ Fray Alonso de Molina, Vocabulario en lengua cstellana y mexicana y mexcana y castellana(1571), Mexico: Editorial Porrúa, 1970
- ^ Fray Alonso de Molina, Confessionario mayor en la lengua castellana y mexicana (1569), With an introduction by Roberto Moreno. Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- ^ Howard F. Cline, "Evolution of the Historia General" in Handbook of Middle American Indians, Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, vol. 13, part 2, Howard F. Cline, volume editor, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973 p. 196.
- ^ Blackburn 1997: 136; Friede 1971: 165–66
- ^ West, Robert. Early Silver Mining in New Spain, 1531–1555 (1997). Bakewell, Peter. ed. Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas. Aldershot: Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited. pp. 65–66
- ^ Guzmán, Gastón (2008-11-01). “Hallucinogenic Mushrooms in Mexico: An Overview” (英語). Economic Botany 62 (3): 404–412. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9033-8. ISSN 1874-9364.
- ^ Axtell, James (September–October 1991). “The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America”. Humanities 12 (5): 12–18. オリジナルの17 May 2008時点におけるアーカイブ。 2008年10月8日閲覧。.
- ^ 訳注:この節の仮リンクの邦題は全て翻訳者の付けた仮訳である。
- ^ “The Conquest of Mexico” (2017年5月25日). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー:引数 accessdate は必須です。
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