プラスキ砦の戦いとは? わかりやすく解説

Weblio 辞書 > 辞書・百科事典 > 百科事典 > プラスキ砦の戦いの意味・解説 

プラスキ砦の戦い

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2022/04/28 04:56 UTC 版)

プラスキ砦の戦い: Battle of Fort Pulaski)は、南北戦争中のジョージア州サバンナに近いタイビー島の北軍陸軍と海軍の戦隊が、南軍の保持していたプラスキ砦を112日間包囲した後、開戦からほぼ丸1年が経った1862年4月10日から11日に30時間の砲撃を行った後に砦を占領した。この戦闘は、既存の海岸防御地を無用にした革新的パロット砲を使ったことで重要である。北軍は砲火の下で大規模な水陸共同作戦を展開した。


  1. ^ Fort Pulaski under fire April 10–12, 1862. Viewed from northeast, North Channel, Savannah River. Union batteries bombard from Tybee Island. Brick thrown into the air is off the southeast corner of the fort by new Parrott Rifle cannon using percussion projectiles, making 7-foot penetrations.. (Leslie's Weekly Magazine)
  2. ^ CSS Georgia: Archival Study Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30
  3. ^ a b c New York Times, 04/20/1862 “Other official documents”. Fort Pulaski surrender.
  4. ^ CSS Georgia: Archival Study Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. Jan 31, 2007, p.30. On March 30, 1861, the vessels and crews of the Navy of Georgia were turned over to confederate authorities
  5. ^ Swanson, M. and Holcombe, R., op.cit. p.30
  6. ^ Jones, Charles C., Jr., chief of artillery of the Confederate Department of Georgia “Seizure and reduction of fort Pulaski” article in “The Magazine of American history with notes and queries, Volume 14”, 1885 edited by John Austin Stevens, et al. p. 56. Fort 48 guns of all calibers: five 10-inch and nine 8-inch columbiads unchambered, three 42-pounder and twenty 32-pounder guns, two 24-Blakely rifle guns, one 24-pounder iron howitzer, two 12-pounder bronze howitzers, two 12-inch iron mortars, three 10-inch sea-coast mortars, and one 6-pounder bronze field piece.
  7. ^ Savannah boasted a roundhouse repair facility. Three railroads at the time of the Civil War were (1) Central of Georgia Railroad, 1843, to cotton center of the state: Macon and Milledgeville; (2) Savannah, Albany and Gulf Railroad to the south central part of Georgia; and (3) the Savannah Charleston Railroad in 1860 (later the "Charleston Savannah Railway"). The value of 38 manufacturing establishments of all kinds totaled near $1 million, more than any other county in the state. CSS Georgia: Archival Study Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.13
  8. ^ National Park Service. General History of Fort Pulaski. Viewed 11/10/2011.
  9. ^ Pryor, Dayton E. (2009). The Beginning and the End: The Civil War Story of Federal Surrenders Before Ft. Sumter and Confederate Surrenders after Appomattox. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, Inc.. pp. 57. ISBN 978-0-7884-2007-8 
  10. ^ Official Records, Army, excerpts. 379 men and officers were assigned to Fort Pulaski, another 1,183 on Tybee Island, 658 on Skidaway Island, and 533 in Savannah’s camps.
  11. ^ Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island, Chatham County, Georgia Archived 2011年10月1日, at the Wayback Machine.. LAMAR Institute Publication Series, 127, By Daniel T. Elliott., Savannah, Georgia, 2008, p.14. Troops under the command of William Duncan Smith. Col. Olmstead would later command this regiment in the Army of Tennessee after service with his volunteers in the defense of Charleston, 1863.
  12. ^ On orders to proceed to Virginia by the Confederate government, General Lawson directed the 1st Georgia Regulars to make transit regardless of protests from the Governor of Georgia. Two 8-inch columbiads from their Tybee Island battery were dismounted and relocated into Fort Pulaski.
  13. ^ The pre-Civil War militia designation was used by the unit, officially Georgia’s Ninth Volunteer Regiment.
  14. ^ a b Elliott, op.cit.
  15. ^ Lattimore, Ralston B., “Fort Pulaski National Monument, Georgia, Historical Handbook Number Eighteen 1954 (reprint 1961).
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h Lattimore, Ralston B., op.cit.
  17. ^ *Jones, Charles C. , Jr., “Military lessons inculcated on the Coast of Georgia during the Confederate War” an address before the Confederate survivors’ association, Augusta Georgia, April 26, 1883. by Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., pres. of the association.
  18. ^ DAILY CONSTITUTIONALIST, Augusta, GA, May 17, 1861, p. 2, c. 1. The newspaper’s anonymous correspondent at Fort Pulaski was signed “Novissimus”, possibly an officer in the First Georgia Regulars
  19. ^ Lee’s strategic considerations are outlined in his official correspondence as commanding officer of the department from Savannah on November 29 and December 20 to Confederate Secretary of War Judah P. Benjamin, January 29, to General Samuel Cooper, March 1 to General Gen. James H. Trapier, and March 3 to General Alexander Lawton.
  20. ^ Official Records, Armies, Chapter XV. Operations on the Coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and middle and east Florida. August 21, 1861 – April 11, 1862. Correspondence, etc. – Confederate. November 29 on p. 32, December 20 on p. 42.
  21. ^ 1855 Navigation Chart. City of Savannah (red, left edge). "Old Fort Jackson" (red, center) at the river bend.
    Fort Pulaski (red, right) on Cockspur Island at river's mouth. North shore of Tybee Island is due east (lower right). The inset extends the map northeast up the coast towards Charleston, S.C. Map shows sailing directions: piloting offshore, finding anchorage, beating over the bar, tides, currents, navigational aides. Click once to the Wikimedia site. Click again for map full screen, click again for magnification to read notes.
  22. ^ Fort Pulaski – National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series, “General Lee Returns to Fort Pulaski” (about 1962).
  23. ^ Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. p. 85, January 29, 1862
  24. ^ Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. March 1, 1862. p. 403
  25. ^ Official Records, Armies, op.cit. Chap. XV. March 3, 1862, p. 34
  26. ^ CSS Georgia: Archival Study Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.25
  27. ^ Porter, David D., “The Naval History of the Civil War” Chapter 9, operations of Admiral Du Pont’s squadron in the sounds of South Carolina. page 83+.
  28. ^ “Fort McAllister I” National Park Service (nps), Heritage Preservation Services, The American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP).
  29. ^ アーカイブされたコピー”. 2011年10月1日時点のオリジナル[リンク切れ]よりアーカイブ。2011年10月7日閲覧。 | Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island, Chatham County, Georgia. LAMAR Institute Publication Series, #127, By Daniel T. Elliott., Savannah, Georgia, 2008, p.14
  30. ^ Brown, David A. "Fort Pulaski: April 1862." The Civil War Battlefield Guide: Second Edition. Edited by Frances H. Kennedy. Goughton Mifflin Company, New York, 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6
  31. ^ a b c Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. “Investment of Fort Pulaski”
  32. ^ Elliott, 2008, p. 153.
  33. ^ National Park Service battle description
  34. ^ History of the Confederate States navy”, Scharf, John, p. 89. The brig Bonita (also “Bonito”), built in New York in 1853, 276 tons burden. A fast sailer. Formerly engaged in the slave trade, captured on the coast of Africa, taken to Charleston, then Savannah, where she was seized and converted into a Georgia privateer.
  35. ^ Swanson, M. and Holcombe, R., op.cit. p. 30. Minimal losses were suffered on either side.
  36. ^ The CSS Sampson, also Samson. The sidewheeler steamboat had been a tugboat prior to purchase by the Confederate Government, 1861.
  37. ^ “Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept., Naval Historical Center, online at CSS Savannah, CSS Sampson, CSS Lady Davis, Resolute, CSS Ida, CSS Georgia: Archival Study Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30
  38. ^ Jones, Charles C., Jr. The life and services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall 1878. Morning News steam printing house, Savannah.
  39. ^ a b c NPS battle description, op.cit.
  40. ^ Elliott, op.cit. p.9. They were USS Flag, USS Seneca and USS Pocahontas.
  41. ^ Elliott, Daniel, Archaeological Reconnaissance at the Drudi Tract, Tybee Island ... op.cit. p. 14. After early misleadingly optimistic reports, within a few days, Federal reports described the firing as having caused substantial internal damage to the lighthouse, and the lens appeared to have been removed by the evacuating Confederates sometime earlier.
  42. ^ Marines in the Civil War, excerpts. Sullivan, David.
  43. ^ Elliot, op.cit.
  44. ^ Elliott, op.cit.p.10
  45. ^ Victor, op.cit.
  46. ^ CSS Atlanta, USS Atlanta. Navy Heritage Following her successful blockade run into Savannah, ownership was transferred to the Confederate government as pre-arranged. Fingal was converted into a casemate ironclad and renamed CSS Atlanta (1862–1863). In her first attack on Union blockaders, she was blocked by obstructions. In the second in spring 1863, Atlanta was met by U.S. monitors Nahant and Weehawken, overwhelmed in a gunnery duel and surrendered. In early 1864, the ship was re-commissioned the USS Atlanta and took up station in the James River supporting Grant’s siege of Richmond.
  47. ^ “Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept., Naval Historical Center, online at CSS Savannah, CSS Sampson, CSS Lady Davis, Resolute, CSS Ida, "CSS Georgia: Archival Study" Swanson, Mark and Robert Holcombe. January 31, 2007, p.30
  48. ^ Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. “The New Weapon”
  49. ^ “Battles and leaders of the civil war”, vol.1, p. 691, cites Major General Thomas W. Sherman as senior commander, land forces. Succeeded by Major General David Butler at the time of the April bombardment. See “Official records of the Union and Confederate armies”, Chapter XV, p. 135. Cornell University.
  50. ^ a b c d e Victor, op. cit. p.106
  51. ^ a b Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit.
  52. ^ For a contemporary narrative of the process, see “chapter V... building batteries on Jones and Bird Islands” in Captain (later Colonel) James M. Nichols memoir, “Perry’s Saints, or the fighting parson’s regiment in the War of Rebellion”. 1886. the 48th New York State Volunteers regimental history from survivor interviews and soldier journals under the command of Methodist minister, Colonel James H. Perry. This regiment would later garrison Fort Pulaski. One of the earliest photographs of baseball is of this regiment playing in the fort yard. See the NPS website photos.
  53. ^ CSS Georgia: Archival Study Swanson, Mark and Holcombe, Robert. January 31, 2007, p.27, “Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Navy Dept. , Naval Historical Center, online at CSS Savannah
  54. ^ Fort Pulaski – National Monument, Historical Handbook, NPS, Op. Cit. “Gillmore sets the stage”
  55. ^ This early in the conflict, it was still a “white man’s war”, and contrabands/freedmen were not yet employed under considerations for slave-holder ‘property’. Victor, op.cit., p.107.
  56. ^ Victor, op.cit., p.106.
  57. ^ Battery McClellan (two 42 and 32-pounders, James, 1,620 yards from the work), Battery Totten (four 10-inch siege mortars, 1,685 yards from the works), Battery Sigel (five 30-pounder Parrotts and one 24-pounder James, 1,620 yards from the works), Battery Scott (three 10-inch and one 8-inch columbiads) 1,077 yards from the work, and Battery Halleck (2,400 yards from the work, two 13-inch mortars.)
  58. ^ Victor, op. cit., p. 107.
  59. ^ Victor, op. cit. p.108
  60. ^ Gillmore, Q. A., Official report ... of the siege and reduction of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, March and April, 1862. by Brig.-Gen. Q.A. Gillmore, Captain of Engineers, U.S.A., to the United States Engineer Department, 1862, D.Van Nostrand, NY. The columbiads failed due to incompatible bolts shearing off. They were not inspected before they were placed in the line for firing.
  61. ^ Fort Pulaski – National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series (about 1962). “Significance of the Siege”
  62. ^ Gillmore, Q. A., Op.Cit, 1862, Appendix Tables of battery and gun fire.
  63. ^ Gillmore’s orders had specified James guns having grooves cleaned every 5–6 rounds fired. NYT, op.cit.
  64. ^ Anderson, Bern. “By Sea and by River: the naval history of the Civil War” 1962. Reprinted unabridged 1989 Da Capo paperback. ISBN 0-306-80367-4. p. 279-284. Admiral David D. Porter assumed command of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron on 1 October 1864 to assemble fleet (p.278). On December 24–25, at rates of fire at times of 115 shells per minute, 20,000 shells amounting to more than 600 tons, the naval bombardment did little damage, killed three and 61 wounded. General Butler made no attack, but withdrew, resulting in his relief and court martial. (p. 280-281). In the January bombardment, Porter ranged four ironclads about 700 yards from the fort, with an additional 44 ships’ bombardment with specific targets assigned for each ship. While the Confederates were repelling the landing party assault, General A. J. Terry secured two fort guns before his attack was discovered. Porter and Terry conducted the “best coordinated amphibious assault of the war” against the “most formidable position taken”. The scholar Admiral Bern Anderson mentions these were the successful naval gunnery tactics used in World War II in battles such as the Bombardment of Cherbourg.
  65. ^ CSS Atlanta, USS Atlanta. Navy Heritage The Fingal was converted to the ironclad CSS Atlanta. It made two sorties, was captured, repaired, and returned to service as the ironclad USS Atlanta supporting Grant's Siege of Petersburg.
  66. ^ Commander Matthew Fontaine Maury”, Maury, Richard Launcelot.1901.
  67. ^ http://www.navyandmarine.org/ondeck/1862ConfTorpedoService.htm Confederate Torpedo Service By R. O. Crowley The Century / Volume 56, Issue 2, The Century Company, New York, June 1898
  68. ^ Anderson, Bern. “By Sea and by River: the naval history of the Civil War” 1962. Reprinted unabridged 1989 Da Capo paperback. ISBN 0-306-80367-4. p. 156-177.
  69. ^ "Presidential Proclamation May 19, 1862", Abraham Lincoln.
  70. ^ Saving Savannah: The City and the Civil War by Jacqueline Jones , ISBN 978-1-4000-7816-5 Vintage Books, 2009 p. 152
  71. ^ Fort Pulaski – National Monument, National Park Service Historical Handbook Series (about 1962). “The immortal six-hundred” Confederate Gen. Samuel Jones initiated human shield tactics to save Confederate Fort Sumter. Union Gen. J.G. Jones retaliated. Senior commanders on both sides contributed to abuse of their prisoners.
  72. ^ Restored Fort Pulaski on view at Fort Pulaski National Monument, Savannah, GA


「プラスキ砦の戦い」の続きの解説一覧



英和和英テキスト翻訳>> Weblio翻訳
英語⇒日本語日本語⇒英語
  

辞書ショートカット

すべての辞書の索引

「プラスキ砦の戦い」の関連用語

プラスキ砦の戦いのお隣キーワード
検索ランキング

   

英語⇒日本語
日本語⇒英語
   



プラスキ砦の戦いのページの著作権
Weblio 辞書 情報提供元は 参加元一覧 にて確認できます。

   
ウィキペディアウィキペディア
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
この記事は、ウィキペディアのプラスキ砦の戦い (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、GNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 Weblio辞書に掲載されているウィキペディアの記事も、全てGNU Free Documentation Licenseの元に提供されております。

©2024 GRAS Group, Inc.RSS