性格
(性格学 から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/08/20 00:11 UTC 版)
性格（せいかく、英: Personality）は、生物学的・環境的要因から進化する行動、認知、そして情動パターンの特徴的な集合として定義される[1]。一般的に合意されている性格の定義はないが、ほとんどの理論は、動機づけと環境との心理的相互作用に焦点を当ている[2]。レイモンド・キャッテルによって定義されたもののような伝統に基づく性格理論は、性格を人の行動を予測する特質として定義する。一方、より行動に基づくアプローチにおいては、学習や習慣を通じて性格を定義する。それにもかかわらず、ほとんどの理論は性格を比較的安定したものとみなしている[1]。
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- ^ Sadock, Benjamin; Sadock, Virginia; Ruiz, Pedro (2017). Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1
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- ^ Denis, McKim (2017-11-30). Boundless dominion : providence, politics, and the early Canadian presbyterian worldview. Montreal. ISBN 978-0-7735-5240-1. OCLC 1015239877
- ^ Eysenck (1967). The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas
- ^ Lucas & Baird 2004, pp. 473-485.
- ^ Briley, D.A., Tucker-Drob, E.M. (2014). “Genetic and environmental continuity in personality development: A meta-analysis”. Psychological Bulletin 140 (5): 1303–1331. doi:10.1037/a0037091. PMC 4152379. PMID 24956122.
- ^ Holder, Mark D.; Klassen, Andrea (13 June 2009). “Temperament and Happiness in Children”. Journal of Happiness Studies 11 (4): 419–439. doi:10.1007/s10902-009-9149-2.
- ^ a b c Zelenski, John M.; Santoro, Maya S.; Whelan, Deanna C. (2012). “Would introverts be better off if they acted more like extraverts? Exploring emotional and cognitive consequences of counterdispositional behavior”. Emotion 12 (2): 290–303. doi:10.1037/a0025169. PMID 21859197.
- ^ a b Lucas, Richard E.; Baird, Brendan M. (2004). “Extraversion and Emotional Reactivity.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (3): 473–485. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.3.473. PMID 15008650.
- ^ a b c Strobel, Maria; Tumasjan, Andranik; Spörrle, Matthias (February 2011). “Be yourself, believe in yourself, and be happy: Self-efficacy as a mediator between personality factors and subjective well-being”. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52 (1): 43–48. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2010.00826.x. PMID 20497398.
- ^ Joshanloo, Mohsen; Afshari, Samaneh (26 November 2009). “Big Five Personality Traits and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Life Satisfaction in Iranian Muslim University Students”. Journal of Happiness Studies 12 (1): 105–113. doi:10.1007/s10902-009-9177-y.
- ^ a b Lischetzke, Tanja; Eid, Michael (August 2006). “Why Extraverts Are Happier Than Introverts: The Role of Mood Regulation”. Journal of Personality 74 (4): 1127–1162. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00405.x. PMID 16787431.
- ^ Trnka, Radek; Balcar, Karel; Kuška, Martin; Hnilica, Karel (1 June 2012). “Neuroticism and Valence of Negative Emotional Concepts”. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 40 (5): 843–844. doi:10.2224/sbp.2012.40.5.843.
- ^ B, Sadock; V, Sadock; P, Ruiz (June 2017). “Personality Disorders”. In Cloninger, R; Svrakic, D. Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Wolter Kluwer. ISBN 978-1-4511-0047-1[要ページ番号]
- ^ Briley, Daniel A.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M. (2014). “Genetic and environmental continuity in personality development: A meta-analysis”. Psychological Bulletin 140 (5): 1303–1331. doi:10.1037/a0037091. PMC 4152379. PMID 24956122.
- ^ Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Riese, Harriëtte; Sanderman, Robbert; Ormel, Johan (2014). “Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences: A five-wave, 16-year study to test reciprocal causation.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107 (4): 751–764. doi:10.1037/a0037009. PMID 25111305.
- ^ Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Riese, Harriëtte; Sanderman, Robbert; Ormel, Johan (2014). “Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences: A five-wave, 16-year study to test reciprocal causation.”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107 (4): 751–764. doi:10.1037/a0037009. PMID 25111305.
- ^ Kail, Robert; Barnfield, Anne (2014). Children and Their Development. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-205-99302-4[要ページ番号]
- ^ Harris, Judith Rich (1995). “Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development”. Psychological Review 102 (3): 458–489. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.3.458.
- ^ Kawamoto, Tetsuya (April 2016). “Personality Change from Life Experiences: Moderation Effect of Attachment Security”. Japanese Psychological Research 58 (2): 218–231. doi:10.1111/jpr.12110.
- ^ a b Funder, David C. (February 2001). “Personality”. Annual Review of Psychology 52 (1): 197–221. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.197. PMID 11148304.
- ^ McCrae, R.R., & Allik, I.U. (2002). The five-factor model of personality across cultures. Springer Science & Business Media.[要ページ番号]
- ^ a b c d McCrae, Robert R.; Costa, Paul T. (1997). “Personality trait structure as a human universal.”. American Psychologist 52 (5): 509–516. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509.
- ^ a b Schmitt, David P.; Allik, Jüri; McCrae, Robert R.; Benet-Martínez, Verónica (26 July 2016). “The Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 38 (2): 173–212. doi:10.1177/0022022106297299.
- ^ a b Church, A. Timothy (August 2000). “Culture and Personality: Toward an Integrated Cultural Trait Psychology”. Journal of Personality 68 (4): 651–703. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00112. PMID 10934686.
- ^ Greenblatt (2011). The Swerve: how the world became modern. pp. 3, 16
- ^ Gélis (1989). “The Child: from anonymity to individuality”. In Ariès, Philippe; Duby, Georges. A History of Private Life III: Passions of the Renaissance. p. 309
- ^ a b Inkeles, Alex; Smith, David H. (1974). Becoming Modern. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674499348. ISBN 978-0-674-49934-8[要ページ番号]
- ^ a b c James, William (1970). Pragmatism and Other Essays. New York: Washington Square Press
- ^ James, William (1970). Pragmatism and other essays. New York: Washington Square Press. p. 16
- ^ James, William (1970). Pragmatism and other essays. New York: Washington Square Press. p. 32
- ^ Locke, John (1974). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Toronto: Random House[要ページ番号]
- ^ James, William (1970). Pragmatism and other essays. New York: Washington Square Press. p. 69
- ^ Hume, David (1955). An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding. US: Liberal Arts Press Inc[要ページ番号]
- ^ Descartes, Rene (1974). Meditations on the First Philosophy. New York: Anchor Books[要ページ番号]
- ^ Spinoza, Benedictus (1974). The Ethics (The Rationalists ed.). New York: Anchor Books
- ^ Spinoza, Benedictus (1974). The Ethics (The Rationalists ed.). New York: Random House. p. 241
- ^ Spinoza, Benedictus (1974). The Ethics (The Rationalists ed.). New York: Random House. p. 253
- ^ Spinoza, Benedictus (1974). The Ethics (The Rationalists ed.). New York: Random House. p. 256
- ^ DeYoung, Colin G.; Hirsh, Jacob B.; Shane, Matthew S.; Papademetris, Xenophon; Rajeevan, Nallakkandi; Gray, Jeremy R. (30 April 2010). “Testing Predictions From Personality Neuroscience”. Psychological Science 21 (6): 820–828. doi:10.1177/0956797610370159. PMC 3049165. PMID 20435951.
- ^ Explorations in personality. Murray, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1893–1988., Harvard University. Harvard Psychological Clinic. (70th anniversary ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (2008). ISBN 978-0-19-804152-8. OCLC 219738947[要ページ番号]
- ^ Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.[要ページ番号]
- ^ Strack, S. (2005). Handbook of Personology and Psychopathology. Wiley[要ページ番号]
- ^ Jeronimus, B. F.; Kotov, R.; Riese, H.; Ormel, J. (15 August 2016). “Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants”. Psychological Medicine 46 (14): 2883–2906. doi:10.1017/S0033291716001653. PMID 27523506.
- ^ Ormel, Johan; Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Kotov, Roman; Riese, Harriëtte; Bos, Elisabeth H.; Hankin, Benjamin; Rosmalen, Judith G.M.; Oldehinkel, Albertine J. (July 2013). “Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship”. Clinical Psychology Review 33 (5): 686–697. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003. PMC 4382368. PMID 23702592.
- ^ Shorter, Edward (November 2008). “History of psychiatry”. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 21 (6): 593–597. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32830aba12. PMC 3714299. PMID 18852567.
[続きの解説]
- 性格学のページへのリンク
