第一次コンゴ戦争
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/04/13 13:43 UTC 版)
第一次コンゴ戦争(だいいちじコンゴせんそう、フランス語: Première Guerre du Congo、英語: First Congo War)は、ザイールで1996年11月から1997年5月にかけて行われた戦争。
- ^ Duke, Lynne (1997年5月20日). “Congo Begins Process of Rebuilding Nation”. Washington Post. p. A10 . "Guerrillas of Angola's former rebel movement UNITA, long supported by Mobutu in an unsuccessful war against Angola's government, also fought for Mobutu against Kabila's forces."
- ^ a b Duke, Lynne (1997年4月15日). “Passive Protest Stops Zaire's Capital Cold”. Washington Post. p. A14 . "Kabila's forces -- which are indeed backed by Rwanda, Angola, Uganda and Burundi, diplomats say -- are slowly advancing toward the capital from the eastern half of the country, where they have captured all the regions that produce Zaire's diamonds, gold, copper and cobalt."
- ^ a b c Thom, William G. (1999). Congo-Zaire's 1996-97 Civil War in the Context of Evolving Patterns of Military Conflict in Africa in the Era of Independence. XIX. Journal of Conflict Studies .
- ^ a b This number was self-declared and was not independently verified. Johnson, Dominic: Kongo — Kriege, Korruption und die Kunst des Überlebens, Brandes & Apsel, Frankfurt am Main, 2. Auflage 2009 ISBN 978-3-86099-743-7
- ^ http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aipub/1998/AFR/16203698.html
- ^ a b Democratic Republic of Congo. An long-standing crisis spinning out of control. Amnesty International, 3 September 1998. p. 9. AI Index: AFR 62/33/98
- ^ CDI: The Center for Defense Information, The Defense Monitor, "The World At War: January 1, 1998".
- ^ “コンゴ・カビラ大統領とルワンダの利権 ----コンゴ中央部、国連とムクウェゲ医師の「忘れられた危機」”. ニューズウィーク日本版 (2017年9月11日). 2018年11月24日閲覧。
- ^ Gondola, Ch. Didier. The History of Congo. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002. p. 6
- ^ a b Kennes, Erik. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Structures of Greed, Networks of Need." Rethinking the Economics of War. Ed. Cynthia J. Arnson and I. William Zartman. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2005. p. 147
- ^ Kennes, Erik. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Structures of Greed, Networks of Need." Rethinking the Economics of War. Ed. Cynthia J. Arnson and I. William Zartman. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2005. p. 157
- ^ “Congo's Curse”. IRIN (2010年10月5日). 2013年1月14日閲覧。
- ^ Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 190
- ^ Vlassenroot, Koen. "Conflict & Malitia Formation in Eastern Congo." Ed. Preben Kaarsholm. Violence, Political Culture & Development in Africa. Athens: Ohio UP, 2006. 49-65. p. 53
- ^ a b Lemarchand, René. The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2009. p. 32
- ^ Vlassenroot, Koen. “Citizenship, Identity Formation & Conflict in South Kivu: The Case of the Banyamulenge.” Review of African Political Economy. 2002. 499-515.
- ^ Autesserre, Severine. “The Trouble With Congo: How Local Disputes Fuel Regional Conflict.” Foreign Affairs. 2008. 87(3). 94-110.
- ^ Kinyarwandaはルワンダ語、Kinyarwandanはルワンダ人の意。
- ^ Lemarchand, René. The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2009. p. 13
- ^ Lemarchand, René. The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2009. pp. 15-16
- ^ Vlassenroot, Koen. “Citizenship, Identity Formation & Conflict in South Kivu: The Case of the Banyamulenge.” Review of African Political Economy. 2002. 499-515. p. 508
- ^ Lemarchand, René. The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2009. pp. 13-14
- ^ Lemarchand, René. The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2009. p.16
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 45
- ^ David Mugnier (2007年12月3日). “North Kivu: How to end a war”. OpenDemocracy. 2013年1月14日閲覧。
- ^ Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 143
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 30
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 18
- ^ a b c Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 48
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 49
- ^ Afoaku, Osita. "Congo's Rebels: Their Origins, Motivations, and Strategies." Ed. John F. Clark. The Africa Stakes of the Congo War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 109-28. p. 121
- ^ a b Pomfret, John. "Rwandans Led Revolt in Congo; Defense Minister Says Arms, Troops Supplied for Anti-Mobutu Drive." Washington Post. 09 July 1997: A1.
- ^ Kennes, Erik. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Structures of Greed, Networks of Need." Rethinking the Economics of War. Ed. Cynthia J. Arnson and I. William Zartman. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2005. p. 147
- ^ Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 107, 201
- ^ a b Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 213-14
- ^ Longman, Timothy. “The Complex Reasons for Rwanda's Engagement in Congo." Ed. John F. Clark. The African Stakes of the Congo War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 129-44. p. 131
- ^ Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 175-76
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 147-48
- ^ Samset, Ingrid. ‘Conflict of Interests or Interests in Conflict? Diamonds & War in the DRC.’ Review of African Political Economy. 2002. 463-480. pp. 470-471
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 54, 58
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 59
- ^ Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 218
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 62
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 63
- ^ Pomfret, John. "Rwandans Led Revolt in Congo; Defense Minister Says Arms, Troops Supplied for Anti-Mobutu Drive." Washington Post. 09 July 1997: A1
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 42, 61
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 65-66
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 44
- ^ Musah, Abdel-Fatau, Kayode Fayemi. Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma. Pluto Press, 2000.
- ^ Fitzsimmons, Scott. Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 55
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. pp. 61-63
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 100
- ^ Gribbin, Robert E. In the Aftermath of Genocide: the U.S. Role in Rwanda. New York: IUniverse, 2005. p. 213
- ^ Reyntjens, Filip. The Great African War: Congo and Regional Geopolitics, 1996-2006. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. p. 130
- ^ Kennes, Erik. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Structures of Greed, Networks of Need." Rethinking the Economics of War. Ed. Cynthia J. Arnson and I. William Zartman. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2005. p. 154
- ^ Longman, Timothy. “The Complex Reasons for Rwanda's Engagement in Congo." Ed. John F. Clark. The African Stakes of the Congo War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 129-44. pp. 131-32
- ^ Vlassenroot, Koen. “Citizenship, Identity Formation & Conflict in South Kivu: The Case of the Banyamulenge.” Review of African Political Economy. 2002. 499-515. p. 173
- 1 第一次コンゴ戦争とは
- 2 第一次コンゴ戦争の概要
- 3 外国勢力
- 4 1996年
- 5 参考文献
- 6 関連項目
第一次コンゴ戦争
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2022/04/26 14:51 UTC 版)
このような国際的な混乱期にあった1996年11月に、フツ系難民流入以前からのツチ系難民内部のバニャムレンゲはルワンダ軍のカモフラージュ役を行なって第一次コンゴ戦争が始まった。1997年、アンゴラがザイール(現コンゴ民主共和国)に出兵してキンシャサを制圧し、モブツ政権が崩壊した。
※この「第一次コンゴ戦争」の解説は、「ルワンダ紛争」の解説の一部です。
「第一次コンゴ戦争」を含む「ルワンダ紛争」の記事については、「ルワンダ紛争」の概要を参照ください。
第一次コンゴ戦争
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2022/06/18 23:45 UTC 版)
「ゴマ (コンゴ民主共和国)」の記事における「第一次コンゴ戦争」の解説
ルワンダ難民はフツ系が多くそれ以前からのツチ系難民やバニャムレンゲと呼ばれるコンゴ在住のツチ系と対立した。旧政権関係者はルワンダ解放軍 (ALiR) として反ルワンダ政府活動を続けた。1997年モブツ・セセ・セコはバニャムレンゲの蜂起によりウガンダ及びルワンダの支援するコンゴ・ザイール解放民主勢力連合 (ADFL) により追放された。
※この「第一次コンゴ戦争」の解説は、「ゴマ (コンゴ民主共和国)」の解説の一部です。
「第一次コンゴ戦争」を含む「ゴマ (コンゴ民主共和国)」の記事については、「ゴマ (コンゴ民主共和国)」の概要を参照ください。
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