制限酵素
英訳・(英)同義/類義語：restriction endonuclease, restriction enzyme
原核生物や、一部の真核細胞が持つ防御系の一つで、DNAの特定配列を認識する酵素。様々なDNA配列に対する制限酵素が知られており、遺伝子組換え技術の中核となる酵素。
原核生物や、一部の真核細胞が持つ防御系の一つで、DNAの特定配列を認識する酵素。様々なDNA配列に対する制限酵素が知られており、遺伝子組換え技術の中核となる酵素。
「生物学用語辞典」の他の用語
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制限酵素
バクテリア（細菌）は、常にバクテリオファージ（バクテリオファージφX174など）の攻撃にさらされている。それらから身を守るために、バクテリアの多くの種は外から入ってきたDNAを切ることでバクテリオファージを攻撃する方法を編み出してきた。
これらのバクテリアはエンドヌクレアーゼ（DNAを切る酵素）を作る。その酵素はバクテリアの細胞質に滞留し、バクテリオファージDNA切断する。エンドヌクレアーゼが「制限酵素」と呼ばれるのは、バクテリオファージの感染を「制限」するからである。
1RVA - HydrolaseDNA
Mg2+ Binding To The Active Site Of Eco Rv Endonuclease: A Crystallographic Study Of Complexes With Substrate And Product Dna At 2 Angstroms Resolution
1RVC - HydrolaseDNA
Mg2+ Binding To The Active Site Of Eco Rv Endonuclease: A Crystallographic Study Of Complexes With Substrate And Product Dna At 2 Angstroms Resolution
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制限酵素
制限酵素
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/01/29 04:30 UTC 版)
制限酵素（せいげんこうそ、英：Restriction enzyme; REase）は、制限部位として知られるDNAの特定の配列部位の内部、あるいはその近くでDNAを特異的に切断する酵素の一種である[1][2][3]。制限酵素はDNA切断活性を持つエンドヌクレアーゼと呼ばれる酵素群のうちの1つであり、特に制限エンドヌクレアーゼとも呼ばれる。タンパク質の複合体構造やDNA基質の認識部位、切断位置などの点から、一般的には5種類に分類される。すべての制限酵素は、DNA二重らせんの各糖リン酸骨格（つまり主鎖）を切断する活性を持つ。
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- ^ Types of Restriction Endonucleases | NEB
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- ^ Types of Restriction Endonucleases | NEB
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