カリフォルニア・トレイル
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/04/05 00:22 UTC 版)
カリフォルニア・トレイル（英: California Trail）は、北アメリカ大陸の西半分を越える全長約2,000マイル (3,200 km) の移民が通った山越えの主要路であり、ミシシッピ川の町から現在のカリフォルニア州に至るものである。主に1841年から1869年まで使われた。東からはオレゴン・トレイルやモルモン・トレイルと同じ経路や様々な川の流域を辿り、現在のアイダホ州、ワイオミング州あるいはユタ州からは南西に分かれて、ハンボルト川流域に至る道を辿った。現在のネバダ州グレートベースンを横切る経路の大半は、あらゆる旅人にとって必要だった水、草および焚きつけを得るためにハンボルト川流域にそって進んだ。ネバダ州西部やカリフォルニア州東部に出れば、開拓者達は岩の多いシエラネバダ山脈を越える幾つかの道を通り、カリフォルニア州西部の金鉱地、開拓地および都市に入っていった。
- ^ Californios [1] Accessed 25 July 2009
- ^ Californios revolt 1845[2] Accessed 25 July 2009
- ^ Oregon-California Trail Association [3]
- ^ National Trail Map [4]
- ^ Union Pacific Chronological History [5] Accessed 14 July 2009
- ^ Mattes, Merrill J.' "The Great Platte River Road"; Bison Books; 1987; ISBN 978-0803281530
- ^ Meldahl, Keith Heyer;"Hard Road West: History and Geology along the Gold Rush Trail"; pp51-68; University Of Chicago Press; ;2008; ISBN 978-0226519623
- ^ Meldahl, Keith Heyer;p 78; op.cite.
- ^ Meldahl, Keith Heyer, p 143, op. cit.
- ^ Sublette-Greenwood Cutoff Map [6]
- ^ Lander Road Cutoff Map [7]
- ^ "Emigrant Trails of Southern Idaho"; Bureau of Land Management & Idaho State Historical Society;1993; pp 117-125 ASIN: B000KE2KTU
- ^ Petersen, Jesse G.; "Route for the Overland Stage: James H. Simpson's 1859 Trail Across the Great Basin"; # Utah State University Press; 2008;ISBN 978-0874216936
- ^ United States Topographical Engineers Links[8] Accessed 9 Feb 2009
- ^ Pony Express Trail map[9] accessed 28 Jan 2009
- ^ Oregon-California Trail interpretive center[10] Accessed 4 Mar 2009
- ^ Big Hill Idaho (OCTA Idaho) [11] accessed 5 Feb 2009
- ^ Hudspeth cutoff map (OCTA-Idaho) [12] accessed 5 Feb 2009
- ^ Oregon National Historic Trail Map [13] accessed 28 Jan 2009
- ^ Northern Nevada and Utah, Southern Idaho Tail Map[14] Accessed 9 Feb 2009
- ^ Forty Mile Desert[15] accessed 5 Feb 2009.
- ^ Forty Mile Desert Pictures [16] Accessed 9 Feb 2009
- ^ Several Pictures of Forty Mile Desert and Brady's Hot Springs[17] Accessed 7 Feb 2009
- ^ Meldahl, Keith Heyer; pp 229; op.cit.
- ^ Brady's (Emigrant) Hot Springs Power Plant [18] Accessed 7 Feb 2009
- ^ Forty Mile Desert Statistics [19] accessed 5 Feb 2009.
- ^ Forty Mile Desert OCTA[20] Accessed 7 Feb 2009
- ^ Trans-Sierra roads[21] Accessed 16 July 2009
- ^ Gradydon, Charles; "Trail of the First Wagons Over the Sierra Nevada"; p 10; The Patrice Press; 1986; ISBN 978-0935284591
- ^ Roller Pass Truckee Trail Map[22]
- ^ Stewart, George R.; "The California Trail: An Epic with Many Heroes"; Bison Books; 1983; p 140; ISBN 978-0803291430
- ^ Central Pacific toll road over Sierras[23] Accessed 17 July 2009
- ^ Henness Pass Road [24] Accessed 16 July 2009
- ^ Webber Lake Hotel [25] Accessed 17 July 2009
- ^ Virginia and Truckee Railroad[26] Accessed 21 July 2009
- ^ Beckworth Trail[27] accessed 5 Feb 2009
- ^ Oroville-Quincy Highway[28] Accessed 16 July 2009
- ^ Mormon-Carson Pass Emigrant Trail [29] Accessed 13 July 2009
- ^ Pictures and text Forty Mile Desert[30] Accessed 13 July 2009
- ^ Ox carts[31] accessed / July 2009
- ^ Tragedy Spring[32]
- ^ Hope Valley Pictures [33] Accessed 27 Mar 2009
- ^ Owens,Kenneth N.; "Gold Rush Saints: California Mormons And the Great Rush for Riches"; p 184; University of Oklahoma Press; 2005; ISBN 978-0806136813.
- ^ Pictures of Hope Valley CA[34] Accessed 8 Mar 2009
- ^ Carson Pass[35] accessed 5 Feb 2009
- ^ Howard, Thomas Frederick; "Sierra Cossings: First Roads to California"; University of California Press; 2000; p 84; ISBN 978-0520226869
- ^ Alternate trails over the Sierras [36] Accessed 6 Feb 2009
- ^ Howard, pp. 62-65
- ^ California Highways and Public Works: Centennial Edition, September 9, 1950, pp. 61, 64, 66
- ^ Ebbets Pass road picture[37]
- ^ Applegate-Lassen [38] Accessed 13 July 2009
- ^ Applegate-Lassen Trail Pictures text [39] Accessed 13 July 2009
- ^ -Hoover, Wilfred B., Rensch, Hero Eugene, Rensch, Ethel Grace; "Historic Spots in California": p77-81 (3rd ed.); Stanford University Press; 1966;ISBN 978-0804744829 (5th Ed. 2002)
- ^ Ford, Eliot; "Comstock Mining and Miners"; pp 190-97; Orig published 1883, republished 1959 Howell-North Berkeley Calif.; ASIN: B000MYUMMK
- ^ Dutch Flat and Donner Lake Wagon Road[ http://cprr.org/Museum/DFDLWR_Duncan.html] Accessed 23 July 2009
- ^ Howard, Thomas F.; p. 175; op.cite
- ^ First State Highway[40] Accessed 16 Feb 2009
- ^ The Adventures of Captain Bonneville accessed 5 Jan. 2009
- ^ Greeley, Horace; "An Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859"; XXXIV; [41]
- ^ 1850 census Male female ratio California [42]
- ^ Unruh, John David (1993). The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. University of Illinois Press. pp. 149-155. ISBN 9780252063602
- ^ Unruh: page 119-120
- ^ a b Mormon Pioneer Companies [43] Accessed 11 Apr 2009
- ^ Mattes, Merril J.; "The Great Platte River Road"; p23; Nebraska State Historical Society; 1979: ISBN 978-0686262541
- ^ Mattes, Merrill J.; op. cit.; p 23
- ^ Lloyd W. Coffman, 1993, Blazing A Wagon Trail To Oregon
- ^ U.S. Census 1790-1870 [44]
- ^ Dary, David (2004). The Oregon Trail an American Saga. Alfred p. Knopf New York. pp. 272-275. ISBN 0-375-41399-5
- ^ Unruh: page 408
- ^ Unruh: pp 408-410, 516
- ^ Steele, Volney M.D.; "Bleed, Blister, And Purge: A History Of Medicine On The American Frontier"; Mountain Press Publishing Company"; 2005;pp 115, 116; ISBN 978-0878425051
- ^ Unruh, John David (1993). The Plains Across: The Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840-60. University of Illinois Press. pp. 408-410, 516. ISBN 9780252063602.
[続きの解説]
「カリフォルニア・トレイル」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 カリフォルニア・トレイルとは
- 2 カリフォルニア・トレイルの概要
- 3 カリフォルニア・トレイルの経路
- 4 歴史
- 5 統計
- 6 遺産
- カリフォルニア・トレイルのページへのリンク
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