無人テストミッション

ウィキペディア小見出し辞書

無人テストミッション

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2021/11/19 17:19 UTC 版)

「アポロ計画の一覧」の記事における「無人テストミッション」の解説

1961年から1968 年にかけて、サターンロケットとアポロ宇宙船のコンポーネントが無人飛行でテストされた。 最初の3つの無人アポロ-サターン (AS) またはアポロの飛行の番号付けと命名には、いくつかの不一致があった。これは、AS-204が事故後アポロ1号に改名されたためである。この有人飛行は、最初の3回の無人飛行に続くことになっていた。火災でAS-204の乗組員がテストおよび訓練中に死亡した後、サターンVロケットと月面モジュールのテストを行うために、無人のアポロの飛行が再開された。これらはアポロ 4、5、6 号と呼ばれていた。したがって、最初の有人アポロ計画はアポロ7号であった。AS-201、AS-202、AS-203をアポロ 1-A、アポロ2、アポロ3に改名することは一時的に検討されたものの、最初の3つの無人飛行に単純な「アポロ」番号が割り当てられることはなかった。 MissionLV Serial NoLaunchRemarksRefsSA-1Saturn ISA-1 27 October 196115:06 GMT Launch Complex 34 Test of Saturn I first stage S-I; dummy upper stages carried water SA-2Saturn ISA-2 25 April 196214:00 GMT Launch Complex 34 Dummy upper stages released 86,685リットル (22,900 US gal) of water into upper atmosphere, to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions SA-3Saturn ISA-3 16 November 196217:45 GMT Launch Complex 34 Repeat of SA-2 mission SA-4Saturn ISA-4 28 March 196320:11 GMT Launch Complex 34 Test premature shutdown of a single S-I engine SA-5Saturn ISA-5 29 January 196416:25 GMT Launch Complex 37B First flight of live second stage. First orbital flight. AS-101Saturn ISA-6 28 May 196417:07 GMT Launch Complex 37B Tested first boilerplate Apollo command and service module (CSM) for structural integrity AS-102Saturn ISA-7 18 September 196417:22 GMT Launch Complex 37B Carried first programmable-in-flight computer on the Saturn I vehicle; last launch vehicle development flight AS-103Saturn ISA-9 16 February 196514:37 GMT Launch Complex 37B Carried first Pegasus micrometeorite satellite (Pegasus A) in addition to boilerplate CSM AS-104Saturn ISA-8 25 May 196507:35 GMT Launch Complex 37B Carried Pegasus B and boilerplate CSM AS-105Saturn ISA-10 30 July 196513:00 GMT Launch Complex 37B Carried Pegasus C and boilerplate CSM AS-201Saturn IB AS-201 26 February 196616:12 GMT Launch Complex 34 First test of Saturn IB. First flight of Block I Apollo CSM. After a suborbital flight the CM landed in the Atlantic Ocean demonstrating the heat shield; however a propellant pressure loss caused premature SM engine shutdown. AS-203Saturn IB AS-203 5 July 196614:53 GMT Launch Complex 37B No Apollo spacecraft carried; successfully verified restartable S-IVB stage design for Saturn V. Additional testing designed to rupture the tank inadvertently destroyed the stage. AS-202Saturn IB AS-202 25 August 196617:15 GMT Launch Complex 34 Longer duration suborbital to Pacific Ocean splashdown. CM heat shield tested to higher speed and successful SM firings. Apollo 4Saturn V AS-501 9 November 196712:00 GMT Launch Complex 39A First flight of Saturn V rocket; successfully demonstrated S-IVB third stage restart and tested CM heat shield at lunar re-entry speeds. Apollo 5Saturn IB AS-204 22 January 196822:48 GMT Launch Complex 37B First flight of LM; successfully fired descent engine and ascent engine; demonstrated "fire-in-the-hole" landing abort test. Apollo 6Saturn V AS-502 4 April 196816:12 GMT Launch Complex 39A Second flight of Saturn V; severe "pogo" vibrations caused two second-stage engines to shut down prematurely, and third stage restart to fail. SM engine used to achieve high-speed re-entry, though less than Apollo 4. NASA identified vibration fixes and declared Saturn V man-rated.