農業とは?

辞典・百科事典の検索サービス - Weblio辞書

初めての方へ

参加元一覧


用語解説|ニュース|動画|文献|商品|全文検索|用例
Weblio 辞書 > 同じ種類の言葉 > 産業 > 農業 > 農業 > 農業の意味・解説 

Weblioカテゴリー検索

辞典・百科事典の検索サービス - Weblio辞書辞典・百科事典の検索サービス - Weblio辞書

Weblioカテゴリー/辞書と一致するものが見つかりました。


三省堂 大辞林

三省堂三省堂

のうぎょう ―げふ 1 【農業】

土地耕し穀類野菜園芸作物などの有用な植物栽培し、また植物飼料として有益な動物を飼育して、人類の生活に必要な資材生産する産業広義には、畜産加工林業も含む。



日本標準産業分類

総務省総務省

農業

分類日本標準産業分類(平成19年[2007年]11月改定) > 農業,林業 > 農業
説明総   説
 この中分類には,耕種農業,畜産農業(養きん,養ほう,養蚕を含む)及び農業に直接関係するサービス業務を行う事業所分類される。
 請負築庭庭園植樹庭園花壇手入れなどを行う事業所本分類に含まれる


職業図鑑

職業図鑑職業図鑑

農業

読み方ノウギョウ

概要解説 農地としての自分土地をもち、農作物育て出荷する仕事を、農業といいます。季節地域周辺環境によって、作るものが変わったり、気候水害などの天候にも大きく影響を受けるので、長年知識技術蓄積が必要となります。もともと家が農家場合などが多いようですが、最近では、仕事をやめて都会からあえて地方移り専門家指導を受けて農業を始める人たちも増えてきています。 必要な能力資格など 関連する職業


ウィキペディア

ウィキペディアウィキペディア

農業

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2012/02/03 20:47 UTC 版)

農業(のうぎょう)とは、耕地等において植物農作物)を栽培・収穫したり(農耕)、動物家畜)を飼育し乳製品皮革を得て(畜産)、人が生きていくうえで必要な食料、繊維、副産物などを生産する人間の根幹産業である[1]。人類の文明発達の鍵であり、動物家畜化による畜産と植物(農産物)を生産者が消費する以上に生産することで人口の増大と社会の階層化を促した。農業を研究する学問分野を農学と呼ぶ。一部のアリやシロアリにも農耕を行うものがある[2][3]


  1. ^ International Labour Office  (1999). Safety and health in agriculture. International Labour Organization, 77–. ISBN 978-92-2-111517-5. 2010年9月13日閲覧。 
  2. ^ For sustainable architecture, think bug”. NewScientist. 2010年2月26日閲覧。
  3. ^ B. Hölldobler & E.O. Wilson  (1990). The Ants. Cambridge MA: Belknap. ISBN 978-0-674-48525-9. 
  4. ^ Human Health Issues | Pesticides | US EPA”. Epa.gov (2006年6月28日). 2009年11月26日閲覧。
  5. ^ EU Scientists Confirm Health Risks of Growth Hormones in Meat”. Organicconsumers.org. 2009年11月26日閲覧。
  6. ^ Brickates Kennedy, Val (October 16, 2007). “Plastics that are green in more ways than one”. The Wall Street Journal (New York). http://www.marketwatch.com/story/bioengineers-aim-to-cash-in-on-plants-that-make-green-plastics 
  7. ^ Growing Plants for Pharmaceutical Production vs. for Food and Feed Crops”. bio.org. Washington DC: Biotechnology Industry Organization. 2009年10月2日閲覧。
  8. ^ Key Indicators of the Labour Market Programme”. International Labour Organization (2009年9月7日). 2010年12月26日閲覧。
  9. ^ Barrionuevo, Alexei; Bradsher, Keith (December 8, 2005). “Sometimes a Bumper Crop Is Too Much of a Good Thing”. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/08/business/worldbusiness/08farmers.html 
  10. ^ Schneider, Keith (September 8, 1989). “Science Academy Recommends Resumption of Natural Farming”. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/08/us/science-academy-recommends-resumption-of-natural-farming.html 
  11. ^ European Commission (2003), CAP Reform.
  12. ^ “At Tyson and Kraft, Grain Costs Limit Profit”. The New York Times. Bloomberg. (September 6, 2007). http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/06/business/06tyson.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/W/Wheat 
  13. ^ McMullen, Alia (January 7, 2008). “Forget oil, the new global crisis is food”. Financial Post (Toronto). http://www.financialpost.com/story.html?id=213343 
  14. ^ a b Watts, Jonathan (December 4, 2007). "Riots and hunger feared as demand for grain sends food costs soaring", The Guardian (London).
  15. ^ a b Mortished, Carl (March 7, 2008)."Already we have riots, hoarding, panic: the sign of things to come?", The Times (London).
  16. ^ a b Borger, Julian (February 26, 2008). "Feed the world? We are fighting a losing battle, UN admits", The Guardian (London).
  17. ^ McKie, Robin; Rice, Xan (April 22, 2007). "Millions face famine as crop disease rages", The Observer' (London).
  18. ^ Mackenzie, Debora  (April 3, 2007). “Billions at risk from wheat super-blightNew Scientist (2598): 6–7. 2007年4月19日閲覧。
  19. ^ Leonard, K.J. Black stem rust biology and threat to wheat growers, USDA ARS
  20. ^ Sample, Ian (August 31, 2007). "Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land", The Guardian (London).
  21. ^ "Africa may be able to feed only 25% of its population by 2025", mongabay.com, December 14, 2006.
  22. ^ In particular, the history of maize cultivation in southern Mexico dates back 9000 years. New York Times, accessdate=2010-5-4
  23. ^ "Farming older than thought", University of Calgary, February 19, 2007.
  24. ^ S. Johannessen and C. A. Hastorf (eds.) Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
  25. ^ Heiser, Carl B., Jr. (1992) On Possible Sources of the Tobacco of Prehistoric Eastern North America. Current Anthropology 33:54-56.
  26. ^ Prehistoric Food Production in North America, edited by Richard I. Ford. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Anthropological Papers 75.
  27. ^ Adair, Mary J. (1988) Prehistoric Agriculture in the Central Plains. Publications in Anthropology 16. University of Kansas, Lawrence.
  28. ^ Paul E. Minnis (editor) (2003) People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
  29. ^ The seventy great inventions of the ancient world by Brian M.Fagan
  30. ^ "The Impact of the Potato", History Magazine.
  31. ^ Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger In Africa. The Ohio State University
  32. ^ "Maize Streak Virus-Resistant Transgenic Maize: an African solution to an African Problem", scitizen.com, August 7, 2007.
  33. ^ Noel Kingsbury (2009) Hybrid. The History and Science of Plant Breeding, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
  34. ^ a b c d Matson et al. (1997). Agricultural Intensification and Ecosystem Properties. Science.
  35. ^ a b c d Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R, Polasky S  (2002 August). “Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices”. Nature 418 (6898): 671–7. doi:10.1038/nature01014. PMID 12167873.
  36. ^ USDA NAL Special Collections. South China explorations: typescript, July 25, 1916-September 21, 1918
  37. ^ USDA NAL Special Collections. Dorsett-Morse Oriental Agricultural Exploration Expedition Collection
  38. ^ USDA ERS. Agricultural Productivity in the United States
  39. ^ a b "The Food Bubble Economy". The Institute of Science in Society.
  40. ^ "Global Water Shortages May Lead to Food Shortages-Aquifer Depletion", Lester R. Brown [リンク切れ]
  41. ^ "India grows a grain crisis", Asia Times (Hong Kong). July 21, 2006.
  42. ^ U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. "Analysis of farming systems". Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  43. ^ a b Acquaah, G. 2002. Agricultural Production Systems. pp. 283-317 in "Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology". Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h Chrispeels, M.J.; Sadava, D.E. 1994. "Farming Systems: Development, Productivity, and Sustainability". pp. 25-57 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA.
  45. ^ Gold, M.V. 1999. USDA National Agriculture Library. Beltsville, MD. "Sustainable Agriculture: Definitions and Terms". Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  46. ^ Earles, R.; Williams, P. 2005. ATTRA National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. Fayetville, AR. "Sustainable Agriculture:An Introduction". Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  47. ^ a b Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT)”. 2007年10月11日閲覧。
  48. ^ Sere, C.; Steinfeld, H.; Groeneweld, J. 1995. "Description of Systems in World Livestock Systems - Current status issues and trends". U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  49. ^ FAO Database, 2003
  50. ^ Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  51. ^ Acquaah, G. 2002. "Land Preparation and Farm Energy" pp.318-338 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  52. ^ Acquaah, G. 2002. "Pesticide Use in U.S. Crop Production" pp.240-282 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  53. ^ Acquaah, G. 2002. "Soil and Land" pp.165-210 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  54. ^ Chrispeels, M.J.; Sadava, D.E. 1994. "Nutrition from the Soil" pp.187-218 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA.
  55. ^ Brady, N.C.; Weil, R.R. 2002. "Practical Nutrient Management" pp.472-515 in Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  56. ^ Acquaah, G. 2002. "Plants and Soil Water" pp.211-239 in Principles of Crop Production, Theories, Techniques and Technology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  57. ^ Pimentel, D.; Berger, D.; Filberto, D.; Newton, M.; et al. 2004. "Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues". Bioscience 54:909-918.
  58. ^ Sexton,R.J.  (2000). “Industrialization and Consolidation in the US Food Sector: Implications for Competition and Welfare”. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 82 (5): 1087–1104. doi:10.1111/0002-9092.00106.
  59. ^ History of Plant Breeding. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
  60. ^ Stadler, L. J. , Sprague, G.F. (October 15, 1936). “Genetic Effects of Ultra-Violet Radiation in Maize. I. Unfiltered Radiation” (PDF)Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 22 (10): 572–578. US Department of Agriculture and Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. doi:10.1073/pnas.22.10.572. PMID 16588111. PMC 1076819. 2007年10月11日閲覧。
  61. ^ Berg, Paul ; Singer, Maxine (August 15, 2003). George Beadle: An Uncommon Farmer. The Emergence of Genetics in the 20th century. Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 978-0-87969-688-7. 
  62. ^ Ruttan, Vernon W.  (1999 December). “Biotechnology and Agriculture: A Skeptical Perspective” (–Scholar search)AgBioForum 2 (1): 54–60. 2007年10月11日閲覧。
  63. ^ Cassman, K.  (December 5, 1998). “Ecological intensification of cereal production systems: The Challenge of increasing crop yield potential and precision agriculture”Proceedings of a National Academy of Sciences Colloquium, Irvine, California. University of Nebraska.
  64. ^ a b Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the US: Extent of Adoption. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
  65. ^ a b Farmers Guide to GMOs. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
  66. ^ Report Raises Alarm over 'Super-weeds'. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
  67. ^ Ozturk, et al., "Glyphosate inhibition of ferric reductase activity in iron deficient sunflower roots", New Phtologist, 177:899-906, 2008.
  68. ^ Kimbrell, A. Faltal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture, Island Press, Washington, 2002.
  69. ^ Conway, G.  (2000). “Genetically modified crops: risks and promise4(1): 2. Conservation Ecology.
  70. ^ . R. Pillarisetti and Kylie Radel  (2004 June). “Economic and Environmental Issues in International Trade and Production of Genetically Modified Foods and Crops and the WTO” 19 (2): 332–352. Journal of Economic Integration.
  71. ^ UN biodiversity meet fails to address key outstanding issues, Third World Network. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
  72. ^ Who Owns Nature?. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
  73. ^ a b Shiva, Vandana. Biopiracy, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997.
  74. ^ Nabhan, Gary Paul. Enduring Seeds, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1989.
  75. ^ Shiva, Vanadana. Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply South End Press, Cambrdge, MA, 2000, pp. 90-93.
  76. ^ Shiva, Vandana. Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability, and Peace, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005.
  77. ^ Jowit, Juliette (September 22, 2010). “Corporate Lobbying Is Blocking Food Reforms, Senior UN Official Warns: Farming Summit Told of Delaying Tactics by Large Agribusiness and Food Producers on Decisions that Would Improve Human Health and the Environment”. The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/sep/22/food-firms-lobbying-samuel-jutzi 2010年12月23日閲覧。 , The Guardian (UK), 2010 Sept. 22
  78. ^ Pretty et al., J  (2000). “An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture”Agricultural Systems 65 (2): 113–136. doi:10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00031-7.
  79. ^ Tegtmeier, E.M.; Duffy, M.  (2005). “External Costs of Agricultural Production in the United StatesThe Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Agriculture.
  80. ^ Livestock a major threat to environment”. UN Food and Agriculture Organization (2006年11月29日). 2008年3月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年8月7日閲覧。
  81. ^ Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C. 2006. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome. "Livestock's Long Shadow - Environmental issues and options."
  82. ^ Vitousek, P.M.; Mooney, H.A.; Lubchenco, J.; Melillo, J.M. 1997. "Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems". Science 277:494-499.
  83. ^ Bai, Z.G., D.L. Dent, L. Olsson, and M.E. Schaepman. 2008. Global assessment of land degradation and improvement 1:identification by remote sensing. Report 2008/01, FAO/ISRIC - Rome/Wageningen. Retrieved on December 5, 2008 from "Land degradation on the rise"
  84. ^ Carpenter, S.R., N.F. Caraco, D.L. Correll, R.W. Howarth, A.N. Sharpley, and V.H. Smith. 1998. "Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen". Ecological Applications 8:559-568.
  85. ^ Pimentel, D. T.W. Culliney, and T. Bashore. 1996. "Public health risks associated with pesticides and natural toxins in foods in Radcliffe's IPM World Textbook". Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  86. ^ WHO. 1992. Our planet, our health: Report of the WHU commission on health and environment. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  87. ^ a b Chrispeels, M.J. and D.E. Sadava. 1994. "Strategies for Pest Control" pp.355-383 in Plants, Genes, and Agriculture. Jones and Bartlett, Boston, MA.
  88. ^ Avery, D.T. 2000. Saving the Planet with Pesticides and Plastic: The Environmental Triumph of High-Yield Farming. Hudson Institute, Indianapolis, IN.
  89. ^ Center for Global Food Issues. Churchville, VA. "Center for Global Food Issues.". Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  90. ^ Lappe, F.M., J. Collins, and P. Rosset. 1998. "Myth 4: Food vs. Our Environment" pp. 42-57 in World Hunger, Twelve Myths, Grove Press, New York.
  91. ^ Fraser, E.: “Crop yield and climate change”, Retrieved on September 14, 2009.
  92. ^ a b Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. "Soil Organic Matter" pp.353-385 in Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  93. ^ Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 2002. "Nitrogen and Sulfur Economy of Soils" pp.386-421 in Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  94. ^ Baxter, Joan (May 19, 2003). “Cotton subsidies squeeze Mali”. BBC News Online (London). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3027079.stm 2010年1月1日閲覧。 
  95. ^ socio en su producción” (Spanish). megaagro.com.uy. 2009年2月18日閲覧。
  96. ^ China: Feeding a Huge Population”. Kansas-Asia (ONG). 2009年2月18日閲覧。 “average farming household in China now cultivates about one hectare” [リンク切れ]
  97. ^ Paraguay farmland real estate”. Peer Voss. 2009年2月18日閲覧。
  98. ^ Brazil frontier farmland”. AgBrazil. 2009年2月18日閲覧。
  99. ^ "World oil supplies are set to run out faster than expected, warn scientists". The Independent. June 14, 2007.
  100. ^ The limits of a Green Revolution?
  101. ^ Rebecca White (2007). "Carbon governance from a systems perspective: an investigation of food production and consumption in the UK," Oxford University Center for the Environment
  102. ^ a b Martin Heller and Gregory Keoleian (2000). "Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Indicators for Assessment of the U.S. Food System," University of Michigan Center for Sustainable Food Systems.
  103. ^ a b Patrick Canning, Ainsley Charles, Sonya Huang, Karen R. Polenske, and Arnold Waters (2010). "Energy Use in the U.S. Food System," USDA Economic Research Service Report No. ERR-94.
  104. ^ Christine Wallgren & Mattias Hojer (2009). "Eating energy—Identifying possibilities for reduced energy use in the future." Energy Policy 37: 5803–5813. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.046
  105. ^ a b c Randy Schnepf (2004). "Energy use in Agriculture: Background and Issues," CRS Report for Congress.
  106. ^ a b Realities of organic farming
  107. ^ a b Comparison of Organic and Conventional Corn, Soybean, Alfalfa, Oats, and Rye Crops at the Neely-Kinyon LTAR
  108. ^ a b Organic Farming can Feed The World!
  109. ^ a b Organic Farms Use Less Energy And Water
  110. ^ Smith, Kate; Edwards, Rob (March 8, 2008)."2008: The year of global food crisis", The Herald (Glasgow).
  111. ^ "The global grain bubble", The Christian Science Monitor (Boston), January 18, 2008.
  112. ^ "The cost of food: Facts and figures", BBC News Online (London), October 16, 2008.
  113. ^ Walt, Vivienne (February 27, 2008)."The World's Growing Food-Price Crisis", Time (New York).
  114. ^ Raw Material Reserves - International Fertilizer Industry Association [リンク切れ]
  115. ^ Integrated Crop Management-Iowa State University January 29, 2001 [1]
  116. ^ "The Hydrogen Economy", Physics Today, December 2004.
  117. ^ Strochlic, R.; Sierra, L. (2007). Conventional, Mixed, and "Deregistered" Organic Farmers: Entry Barriers and Reasons for Exiting Organic Production in California. California Institute for Rural Studies.
  118. ^ "Carbon cycle management with increased photo-synthesis and long-term sinks", (2007) Royal Society of New Zealand. [リンク切れ]
  119. ^ Greene, Nathanael (December 2004). How biofuels can help end America's energy dependence.
  120. ^ Srinivas et al.  (2008 June). “Reviewing The Methodologies For Sustainable Living7: 2993–3014. The Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
  121. ^ Conway, G.  (2000). “Genetically modified crops: risks and promise4(1): 2. Conservation Ecology.
  122. ^ Pillarisetti, R.; Radel, Kylie  (2004 June). “Economic and Environmental Issues in International Trade and Production of Genetically Modified Foods and Crops and the WTO19 (2): 332–352. Journal of Economic Integration. [リンク切れ]
  123. ^ Lopez Villar, Juan; Freese, Bill (2008年1月). “Who Benefits from GM Crops? (PDF)”. Friends of the Earth International. 2010年12月22日閲覧。
  124. ^ “Monsanto failure”. New Scientist (London) 181 (2433). (February 7, 2004). http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124330.700-monsanto-failure.html 2008年4月18日閲覧。 
  125. ^ Kuyek, Devlin (2002年8月). “Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Implications for Small Farmers (PDF)”. Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN). 2010年12月22日閲覧。
  126. ^ Cooke, Jeremy (May 30, 2008). “Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Implications for Small Farmers”. BBC News Online (London). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7428789.stm 2008年6月6日閲覧。 
  127. ^ Record rise in wheat price prompts UN official to warn that surge in food prices may trigger social unrest in developing countries
  128. ^ Trumbull, Mark (July 24, 2007). "Rising food prices curb aid to global poor", The Christian Science Monitor (Boston).






農業と同じ種類の言葉



農業に関係した商品



農業のページへのリンク

[PR] おすすめ情報

「農業」の関連用語
農業のお隣キーワード
モバイル
モバイル版のWeblioは、下記のURLからアクセスしてください。
http://m.weblio.jp/
» モバイルで「農業」を見る
_ _   


農業のページの著作権
Weblio 辞書情報提供元は参加元一覧にて確認できます。

  
三省堂三省堂
Copyright (C) 2001-2012 Sanseido Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.
株式会社 三省堂三省堂 Web Dictionary
総務省総務省
Copyright(c)2012 総務省 統計局 All rights reserved
政府統計の総合窓口(e-Stat)
職業図鑑職業図鑑
All contents Copyright(C)2012 Foundation.,All rights reserved.
A six Japan職業図鑑
ウィキペディアウィキペディア
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
この記事は、ウィキペディアの農業 (改訂履歴)の記事を複製、再配布したものにあたり、GNU Free Documentation Licenseというライセンスの下で提供されています。 Weblio辞書に掲載されているウィキペディアの記事も、全てGNU Free Documentation Licenseの元に提供されております。

©2012 Weblio RSS