Math.E フィールドとは? わかりやすく解説

Math.E フィールド

定数 e指定して自然対数ベース表します

名前空間: System
アセンブリ: mscorlib (mscorlib.dll 内)
構文構文

解説解説

このフィールドの値は 2.7182818284590452354 です。

使用例使用例

次に示すのは、E を、累乗級数から計算された値と比較する例をです。

' Example for the Math.E field.
Imports System
Imports Microsoft.VisualBasic

Module EField
       
    Sub Main()
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "This example of Math.E = {0:E16}" &
 vbCrLf & _
            "generates the following output." &
 vbCrLf, _
            Math.E )
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]"
 )
        Console.WriteLine( " (limit n->infinity)PS(n) = e"
 )
        Console.WriteLine( _
            "Display PS(n) and Math.E - PS(n), " &
 _
            "and stop when delta < 1.0E-15" &
 vbCrLf )
          
        CalcPowerSeries()
    End Sub 'Main
       
    ' Approximate E with a power series.
    Sub CalcPowerSeries()
        Dim factorial As Double
 = 1.0
        Dim PS As Double
 = 0.0
          
        ' Stop iterating when the series converges,
        ' and prevent a runaway process.
        Dim n As Integer
        For n = 0 To 999

            ' Calculate a running factorial.
            If n > 0 Then
                factorial *= System.Convert.ToDouble(n)
            End If 

            ' Calculate and display the power series.
            PS += 1.0 / factorial
            Console.WriteLine( _
                "PS({0:D2}) = {1:E16},  Math.E - PS({0:D2}) =
 {2:E16}", _
                n, PS, Math.E - PS )

            ' Exit when the series converges.
            If Math.Abs( Math.E - PS ) < 1.0E-15 Then
                Exit For
            End If
        Next n
    End Sub 'CalcPowerSeries
    End Module 'EField

' This example of Math.E = 2.7182818284590451E+000
' generates the following output.
' 
' Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]
'  (limit n->infinity)PS(n) = e
' Display PS(n) and Math.E - PS(n), and stop when delta < 1.0E-15
' 
' PS(00) = 1.0000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(00) = 1.7182818284590451E+000
' PS(01) = 2.0000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(01) = 7.1828182845904509E-001
' PS(02) = 2.5000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(02) = 2.1828182845904509E-001
' PS(03) = 2.6666666666666665E+000,  Math.E - PS(03) = 5.1615161792378572E-002
' PS(04) = 2.7083333333333330E+000,  Math.E - PS(04) = 9.9484951257120535E-003
' PS(05) = 2.7166666666666663E+000,  Math.E - PS(05) = 1.6151617923787498E-003
' PS(06) = 2.7180555555555554E+000,  Math.E - PS(06) = 2.2627290348964380E-004
' PS(07) = 2.7182539682539684E+000,  Math.E - PS(07) = 2.7860205076724043E-005
' PS(08) = 2.7182787698412700E+000,  Math.E - PS(08) = 3.0586177750535626E-006
' PS(09) = 2.7182815255731922E+000,  Math.E - PS(09) = 3.0288585284310443E-007
' PS(10) = 2.7182818011463845E+000,  Math.E - PS(10) = 2.7312660577649694E-008
' PS(11) = 2.7182818261984929E+000,  Math.E - PS(11) = 2.2605521898810821E-009
' PS(12) = 2.7182818282861687E+000,  Math.E - PS(12) = 1.7287637987806193E-010
' PS(13) = 2.7182818284467594E+000,  Math.E - PS(13) = 1.2285727990501982E-011
' PS(14) = 2.7182818284582302E+000,  Math.E - PS(14) = 8.1490370007486490E-013
' PS(15) = 2.7182818284589949E+000,  Math.E - PS(15) = 5.0182080713057076E-014
' PS(16) = 2.7182818284590429E+000,  Math.E - PS(16) = 2.2204460492503131E-015
' PS(17) = 2.7182818284590455E+000,  Math.E - PS(17) = -4.4408920985006262E-016
// Example for the Math.E field.
using System;

class EField 
{
    public static void Main()
 
    {
        Console.WriteLine( 
            "This example of Math.E == {0:E16}\n" +
            "generates the following output.\n", 
            Math.E );
        Console.WriteLine( 
            "Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]" );
        Console.WriteLine( " (limit n->infinity)PS(n) == e" );
        Console.WriteLine( 
            "Display PS(n) and Math.E - PS(n), " + 
            "and stop when delta < 1.0E-15\n" );

        CalcPowerSeries();
    }

    // Approximate E with a power series.
    static void CalcPowerSeries()
    {
        double factorial = 1.0;
        double PS = 0.0;

        // Stop iterating when the series converges,
        // and prevent a runaway process.
        for( int n = 0; n < 999 &&
 Math.Abs( Math.E - PS ) > 1.0E-15; n++ )
        {
            // Calculate a running factorial.
            if( n > 0 )
                factorial *= (double)n;

            // Calculate and display the power series.
            PS += 1.0 / factorial;
            Console.WriteLine( 
                "PS({0:D2}) == {1:E16},  Math.E - PS({0:D2}) == {2:E16}"
,
                n, PS, Math.E - PS );
        }
    }
}

/*
This example of Math.E == 2.7182818284590451E+000
generates the following output.

Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]
 (limit n->infinity)PS(n) == e
Display PS(n) and Math.E - PS(n), and stop when delta < 1.0E-15

PS(00) == 1.0000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(00) == 1.7182818284590451E+000
PS(01) == 2.0000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(01) == 7.1828182845904509E-001
PS(02) == 2.5000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(02) == 2.1828182845904509E-001
PS(03) == 2.6666666666666665E+000,  Math.E - PS(03) == 5.1615161792378572E-002
PS(04) == 2.7083333333333330E+000,  Math.E - PS(04) == 9.9484951257120535E-003
PS(05) == 2.7166666666666663E+000,  Math.E - PS(05) == 1.6151617923787498E-003
PS(06) == 2.7180555555555554E+000,  Math.E - PS(06) == 2.2627290348964380E-004
PS(07) == 2.7182539682539684E+000,  Math.E - PS(07) == 2.7860205076724043E-005
PS(08) == 2.7182787698412700E+000,  Math.E - PS(08) == 3.0586177750535626E-006
PS(09) == 2.7182815255731922E+000,  Math.E - PS(09) == 3.0288585284310443E-007
PS(10) == 2.7182818011463845E+000,  Math.E - PS(10) == 2.7312660577649694E-008
PS(11) == 2.7182818261984929E+000,  Math.E - PS(11) == 2.2605521898810821E-009
PS(12) == 2.7182818282861687E+000,  Math.E - PS(12) == 1.7287637987806193E-010
PS(13) == 2.7182818284467594E+000,  Math.E - PS(13) == 1.2285727990501982E-011
PS(14) == 2.7182818284582302E+000,  Math.E - PS(14) == 8.1490370007486490E-013
PS(15) == 2.7182818284589949E+000,  Math.E - PS(15) == 5.0182080713057076E-014
PS(16) == 2.7182818284590429E+000,  Math.E - PS(16) == 2.2204460492503131E-015
PS(17) == 2.7182818284590455E+000,  Math.E - PS(17) == -4.4408920985006262E-016
*/
// Example for the Math::E field.
using namespace System;

// Approximate E with a power series.
void CalcPowerSeries()
{
   double factorial = 1.0;
   double PS = 0.0;
   
   // Stop iterating when the series converges,
   // and prevent a runaway process.
   for ( int n = 0; n < 999 && Math::Abs(
 Math::E - PS ) > 1.0E-15; n++ )
   {
      
      // Calculate a running factorial.
      if ( n > 0 )
            factorial *= (double)n;
      
      // Calculate and display the power series.
      PS += 1.0 / factorial;
      Console::WriteLine( "PS({0:D2}) == {1:E16},  Math::E - PS({0:D2}) == {2:E16}",
 n, PS, Math::E - PS );

   }
}

int main()
{
   Console::WriteLine( "This example of Math::E == {0:E16}\n"
   "generates the following output.\n", Math::E );
   Console::WriteLine( "Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]"
 );
   Console::WriteLine( " (limit n->infinity)PS(n) == e" );
   Console::WriteLine( "Display PS(n) and Math::E - PS(n), "
   "and stop when delta < 1.0E-15\n" );
   CalcPowerSeries();
}

/*
This example of Math::E == 2.7182818284590451E+000
generates the following output.

Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]
 (limit n->infinity)PS(n) == e
Display PS(n) and Math::E - PS(n), and stop when delta < 1.0E-15

PS(00) == 1.0000000000000000E+000,  Math::E - PS(00) == 1.7182818284590451E+000
PS(01) == 2.0000000000000000E+000,  Math::E - PS(01) == 7.1828182845904509E-001
PS(02) == 2.5000000000000000E+000,  Math::E - PS(02) == 2.1828182845904509E-001
PS(03) == 2.6666666666666665E+000,  Math::E - PS(03) == 5.1615161792378572E-002
PS(04) == 2.7083333333333330E+000,  Math::E - PS(04) == 9.9484951257120535E-003
PS(05) == 2.7166666666666663E+000,  Math::E - PS(05) == 1.6151617923787498E-003
PS(06) == 2.7180555555555554E+000,  Math::E - PS(06) == 2.2627290348964380E-004
PS(07) == 2.7182539682539684E+000,  Math::E - PS(07) == 2.7860205076724043E-005
PS(08) == 2.7182787698412700E+000,  Math::E - PS(08) == 3.0586177750535626E-006
PS(09) == 2.7182815255731922E+000,  Math::E - PS(09) == 3.0288585284310443E-007
PS(10) == 2.7182818011463845E+000,  Math::E - PS(10) == 2.7312660577649694E-008
PS(11) == 2.7182818261984929E+000,  Math::E - PS(11) == 2.2605521898810821E-009
PS(12) == 2.7182818282861687E+000,  Math::E - PS(12) == 1.7287637987806193E-010
PS(13) == 2.7182818284467594E+000,  Math::E - PS(13) == 1.2285727990501982E-011
PS(14) == 2.7182818284582302E+000,  Math::E - PS(14) == 8.1490370007486490E-013
PS(15) == 2.7182818284589949E+000,  Math::E - PS(15) == 5.0182080713057076E-014
PS(16) == 2.7182818284590429E+000,  Math::E - PS(16) == 2.2204460492503131E-015
PS(17) == 2.7182818284590455E+000,  Math::E - PS(17) == -4.4408920985006262E-016
*/
// Example for the Math.E field.
import System.*;

class EField
{
    public static void main(String[]
 args)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("This example of Math.E == {0}\n" 
            + "generates the following output.\n",
            ((System.Double)Math.E).ToString("E16"));
        Console.WriteLine("Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]");
        Console.WriteLine(" (limit n->infinity)PS(n) == e");
        Console.WriteLine(("Display PS(n) and Math.E - PS(n), " 
            + "and stop when delta < 1.0E-15\n"));
        CalcPowerSeries();
    } //main
 
    // Approximate E with a power series.
    static void CalcPowerSeries()
    {
        double factorial = 1.0;
        double pS = 0.0;
        // Stop iterating when the series converges,
        // and prevent a runaway process.
        for (int n=0; n < 999 &&
 System.Math.Abs((Math.E - pS)) > 1E-15; n++) {
            // Calculate a running factorial.
            if (n > 0) {
                factorial *= (double)(n);
            }

            // Calculate and display the power series.
            pS += 1.0 /factorial;
            Console.WriteLine("PS({0}) == {1},  Math.E - PS({0}) == {2}"
,
                ((System.Int32) n).ToString("D2"),
                ((System.Double )pS).ToString("E16"),
                ((System.Double )(Math.E - pS)).ToString("E16"));
        } 
    } //CalcPowerSeries
} //EField

/*
This example of Math.E == 2.7182818284590451E+000
generates the following output.

Define the power series PS(n) = Sum(k->0,n)[1/k!]
 (limit n->infinity)PS(n) == e
Display PS(n) and Math.E - PS(n), and stop when delta < 1.0E-15

PS(00) == 1.0000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(00) == 1.7182818284590451E+000
PS(01) == 2.0000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(01) == 7.1828182845904509E-001
PS(02) == 2.5000000000000000E+000,  Math.E - PS(02) == 2.1828182845904509E-001
PS(03) == 2.6666666666666665E+000,  Math.E - PS(03) == 5.1615161792378572E-002
PS(04) == 2.7083333333333330E+000,  Math.E - PS(04) == 9.9484951257120535E-003
PS(05) == 2.7166666666666663E+000,  Math.E - PS(05) == 1.6151617923787498E-003
PS(06) == 2.7180555555555554E+000,  Math.E - PS(06) == 2.2627290348964380E-004
PS(07) == 2.7182539682539684E+000,  Math.E - PS(07) == 2.7860205076724043E-005
PS(08) == 2.7182787698412700E+000,  Math.E - PS(08) == 3.0586177750535626E-006
PS(09) == 2.7182815255731922E+000,  Math.E - PS(09) == 3.0288585284310443E-007
PS(10) == 2.7182818011463845E+000,  Math.E - PS(10) == 2.7312660577649694E-008
PS(11) == 2.7182818261984929E+000,  Math.E - PS(11) == 2.2605521898810821E-009
PS(12) == 2.7182818282861687E+000,  Math.E - PS(12) == 1.7287637987806193E-010
PS(13) == 2.7182818284467594E+000,  Math.E - PS(13) == 1.2285727990501982E-011
PS(14) == 2.7182818284582302E+000,  Math.E - PS(14) == 8.1490370007486490E-013
PS(15) == 2.7182818284589949E+000,  Math.E - PS(15) == 5.0182080713057076E-014
PS(16) == 2.7182818284590429E+000,  Math.E - PS(16) == 2.2204460492503131E-015
PS(17) == 2.7182818284590455E+000,  Math.E - PS(17) == -4.4408920985006262E-016
*/
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