原核細胞
原核細胞
原核生物
(原核細胞 から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/08 09:11 UTC 版)
原核生物（げんかくせいぶつ、英: prokaryote, or procaryote[1]）は、核や他の膜結合細胞小器官を持たない単細胞生物である[2]。原核生物という用語は、古代ギリシア語の πρό (pró)「前」と κάρυον (káruon)「仁、核」に由来する[3][4]。エドゥアール・シャットンの研究に基づく2帝系では、原核生物は原核生物帝（Prokaryota）に分類されていた[5]。しかし、分子的分析に基づく3ドメイン系では、原核生物は 細菌（Bacteria、旧: Eubacteria）と古細菌（Archaea、旧: Archaebacteria）の2つのドメインに分けられる。細胞核（核）を持つ生物は、第3のドメインである真核生物（Eukaryota or Eucarya）に位置づけられる[6]。
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[続きの解説]
「原核生物」の続きの解説一覧
原核細胞
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2021/08/12 02:26 UTC 版)
細菌の細胞膜（グラム陰性菌では内膜）にも真核細胞と同様のSec分泌系があるが、タンパク質は膜外に直接分泌され、小胞体やゴルジ装置などの複雑なメカニズムはない。 しかしSec分泌系と別に（または協働する）特有の分泌メカニズムがあり、IからIVの4タイプに分類される。これらは外毒素の分泌やグラム陰性菌の外膜を通しての分泌などに関与し、またべん毛や線毛の構築にも類似の機序がある。
※この「原核細胞」の解説は、「分泌」の解説の一部です。
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