南部戦略とは? わかりやすく解説

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南部戦略

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/07/13 13:36 UTC 版)

南部戦略(Southern Strategy)は、1968年大統領選挙において、アフリカ系アメリカ人に対する人種差別を利用して南部白人の支持を獲得しようとした共和党の選挙戦略である[1][2][3]。 1950年代と1960年代の公民権運動とこれに伴うジム・クロウ法の廃止に伴う差別是正措置の副産物として、米国南部の大部分で既存の人種間の緊張が顕著に深まった。この状況を背景に、リチャード・ニクソン共和党大統領候補やバリー・ゴールドウォーター上院議員などの共和党の政治家は、伝統的に民主党を支持してきた保守的な南部白人を取り込む戦略を開発し政界再編を成功した。この結果、共和党は政治的スタンスを大きく右に旋回させ、現代アメリカ政治の地域的基盤を固定化させるとともに、二大政党の政治的スタンスも分極して固定化(共和党:保守、民主党:リベラルという大まかな図式)することとなった[4]


注釈

  1. ^ 当時の黒人には領収書を保存する習慣がなかったといわれており、領収書提示要求はこのことを利用した黒人排除の障壁といえる。
  2. ^ Quoted from Reagan's speech: "I still believe the answer to any problem lies with the people. I believe in states' rights and I believe in people doing as much as they can for themselves at the community level and at the private level. I believe we have distorted the balance of our government today by giving powers that were never intended to be given in the Constitution to that federal establishment". Sound file” (MP3). Onlinemadison.com. 2016年3月4日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年9月27日閲覧。
  3. ^ 要はニクソンが共和党候補として初めて南部まで含めた全国的な選挙戦略を展開したということを主張している。

出典

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  115. ^ Joan Hoff (1995). Nixon Reconsidered. BasicBooks. p. 79. ISBN 978-0465051052. https://books.google.com/books?id=uzBPnPPcoSoC&pg=PA79 




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