心理学的ユートピア
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2019/03/10 06:05 UTC 版)
『心理学的ユートピア』（しんりがくてきユートピア、原題: Walden Two、別訳ウォールデン2、ウォールデン・ツー）は、心理学者で行動分析学の創始者であるバラス・スキナーによって書かれたユートピア小説である。初版は1948年に出版された。本作品をサイエンス・フィクションと呼ぶことは、出版当時は可能であった。なぜなら人間の行動を科学的根拠に基いて修正する手法が、当時はまだ存在しなかったからである[1][2]。こうした手法は、現在では応用行動分析として知られている。
- ^ Skinner, B.F. (1986). "Some Thoughts About the Future". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45(2), p. 229. "What the protagonist in Walden Two called a behavioral technology was at the time still science fiction, but it soon moved into the real world.（この小説の主人公が「behavioral technology」と呼ぶ技術は当時はサイエンス・フィクションだったが、すぐに現実のものとなった）"
- ^ Skinner, B.F. (1948). Walden Two. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Revised 1976 edition, page vi. ISBN 0-87220-779-X. "The 'behavioral engineering' I had so frequently mentioned in the book was, at the time, little more than science fiction"（本書で私が何度も言及している「behavioral engineering」は、当時はサイエンス・フィクションに過ぎなかった）.
- ^ Aschner, Mary Jane McCue (1965). "The Planned Man: Skinner". The Educated Man: Studies in the History of Educational Thought. Paul Nash, Andreas M. Kazamias, and Henry J. Perkinson (Editors). John Wiley & Sons, pp. 389–421. "Public reaction to Walden Two, with its proposal for planned man, was initially slow. But eventually Skinner found himself at the storm center of a controversy that has scarcely abated to this day. Philosophers and psychologists charged into the latest jousting match in the perennial tourney between proponents of determinism and defenders of free will"（『心理学的ユートピア』や、そこで提起された計画的人間育成という考えに、世間は当初ほとんど反応しなかった。しかし作者のスキナーは、やがて轟々たる論争の嵐の真っ只中に身を置くことになった。激しい論争はいまだに続いている。哲学者や心理学者が、決定論者と自由意志論者の果てしなく続く一騎打ちになだれこんだ）. p. 402.
- ^ Ivie, Stanley D. (2006). "Models and Metaphors". Journal of Philosophy and History of Education 56, pp. 82–92. Retrieved August 23, 2012. "Skinner’s system does not provide for a God or a human soul"（スキナーの体系には神や人間の魂の存在余地がない）. p. 88.
- ^ Skinner, B.F. (1938). The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: B.F. Skinner Foundation. ISBN 1-58390-007-1, ISBN 0-87411-487-X.
- ^ Skinner, B.F. (1971). Beyond Freedom and Dignity. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0394425553, ISBN 978-0394425559.
- ^ Skinner, B. F. (1985). "News From Nowhere, 1984". The Behavior Analyst, 8(1), pp. 5–14. "My name is Burris. I live in an experimental community called Walden Two". p. 5.
- ^ Altus, Deborah E., and Morris, Edward K. (2009). "B. F. Skinner's Utopian Vision: Behind and Beyond Walden Two". The Behavior Analyst, 32(2), pp. 319–335. B. F. Skinner regarded Walden Two as his "book about an experimental community". p. 320.
- ^ Walden Two, p. 18.
- ^ Walden Two, p. 25.
- ^ a b c d e f g Walden Two, p. 48.
- ^ Walden Two, p. 254
- ^ a b Walden Two, p. 49.
- ^ Walden Two, p. 49–50.
- ^ Thoreau, Henry David (1854). Walden; or, Life in the woods. Boston, Massachusetts: Ticknor and Fields. "The sun is but a morning star." p. 357.
- ^ 邦訳はB.F. スキナー『人間と社会の省察―行動分析学の視点から』（岩本隆茂、長野幸治、佐藤香訳、1996年、勁草書房）に収録
- ^ Skinner, B.F. (1985). "News From Nowhere, 1984". The Behavior Analyst, 8(1), p. 6.
- ^ Kuhlmann, Hilke (2005). Living Walden Two. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02962-3.
- ^ Bjork, Daniel W. (1997). B.F. Skinner: A Life. American Psychological Association. ISBN 978-1-55798-416-6.
- ^ "New Walden II Will Open in Fall". The Harvard Crimson, March 9, 1968. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ^ Gonnerman, Jennifer (August 20, 2007). "Matthew Israel Interviewed by Jennifer Gonnerman". Mother Jones. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
- ^ Feallock, R. and Miller, L. K. (1976). "The design and evaluation of a worksharing system for experimental group living". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9(3), pp. 277–288.
- ^ Ulrich, Roger E. (1973). Toward Experimental Living. Available on microfiche at Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
- ^ Bonfiglio, Olga (July 3, 2011). "Lake Village Homestead Farm celebrates its 40th year in operation". Kalamazoo Gazette. MLive Media Group. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
- ^ Ramsey, Richard David (December 1979). Morning Star: The Values-Communication of Skinner's Walden Two. Unpublished doctoral dissertation; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. Available from University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI.
- ^ Kinkade, Kathleen (1973). A Walden Two experiment: The first five years of Twin Oaks Community. William Morrow and Company. ISBN 0-688-00020-7.
- ^ Comunidad Los Horcones (February 25, 2012). "Communities Directory". Fellowship for Intentional Community, Retrieved August 23, 2012. "We value the participation of all members in decision making. We call our organization 'personocracy'"（私たちは、意思決定に全メンバーが参加することを大切にしています。私たちは、私たちの組織のあり方を「パーソナクラシー」と呼んでいます）.
- ^ Sanguinetti, Angela (2012). "The Design of Intentional Communities: A Recycled Perspective on Sustainable Neighborhoods". Behavior and Social Issues, 21, pp. 5-25. "The Walden Two-inspired community of Los Horcones in Sonora, Mexico, proclaims an egalitarian system of governance developed through ongoing experimentation, called 'Personocracy' (Los Horcones), which they describe as equitable and unrestricted access to power, participation, and responsibility." p. 20.
- ^ Lamal, Peter (2009). "From Rats and Pigeons to Cultural Practices: A Review of Beyond the Box: B. F. Skinner's Technology of Behavior from Laboratory to Life, 1950s to 1970s". Behavior and Social Issues, 18, p. 176.
- ^ Rohter, Larry (1989年11月7日). “Isolated Desert Community Lives by Skinner's Precepts”. The New York Times
- ^ Skinner, B.F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior Archived 2013年1月8日, at the Wayback Machine., Chapter XXVIII: "Designing a Culture". Cambridge, Massachusetts: B.F. Skinner Foundation. Paperback edition: Free Press (March 1, 1965). ISBN 0029290406, ISBN 978-0029290408.
- ^ Gamble, Harvey L., Jr., (1999). "Walden Two, Postmodern Utopia, and the Problems of Power, Choice, and the Rule of Law". Texas Studies in Literature and Language, 41(1), p. 3. Retrieved September 19, 2009 from accessmylibrary.com
- ^ Staddon, John (2014) The New Behaviorism (2nd edition) Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
- ^ Beyond freedom and dignity, 1971, August Psychology Today 37-81
[続きの解説]
「心理学的ユートピア」の続きの解説一覧
- 心理学的ユートピアのページへのリンク
