ラムソン719作戦
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/03/28 06:16 UTC 版)
ラムソン719作戦 (ベトナム語: Chiến dịch Lam Sơn 719／戰役藍山719 若しくは Chiến dịch đường 9 – Nam Lào、英語: Operation Lam Son 719)は、ベトナム戦争の間の1971年2月8日から3月25日の間に南ベトナム軍によってラオス王国の南東部の一部で行われた局地的な攻撃作戦であった。アメリカ合衆国は兵站、空軍および砲兵をこの作戦に投じたが、その地上部隊がラオスの領土に入る事は法律で禁止されていた。作戦の目的はホーチミン・ルートに基づいた北ベトナム軍 (PAVN)による攻撃を混乱させることであった。
- ^ William Nolan, Into Laos. Novato CA: Presidio Press, 1986, tr. 358
- ^ US XXIV Army. David Fulgham & Terrence Maitland, South Vietnam on Trial. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1984, tr. 90
- ^ <http://www.btlsqsvn.org.vn/danhnhan_Trandanh/?%5E?=87.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Viện Sử học, Lịch sử Việt Nam 1965–1975, NXB Khoa học xã hội, Hà Nội – 2002.
- ^ Jacob Van Staaveren Interdiction in Southern Laos. Washington, D.C.: Center of Air Force History, 1993.
- ^ Bernard C. Nalty, The War Against Trucks. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program, 2005
- ^ John L. Plaster, Secret Commandos. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, p. 65.
- ^ Arnold Isaacs, Gordon Hardy and MacAlister Brown, Pawns of War. Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1987, p. 89.
- ^ Shelby L. Stanton, The Rise and Fall of An American Army. New York: Dell, 1985, p. 333.
- ^ Dave R. Palmer, Summons of the Trumpet. Novato CA: Presidio Press, 1978, p. 303.
- ^ Nolan, p. 14.
- ^ Nolan, p. 15.
- ^ John Prados, The Blood Road. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998, pp. 216–320.
- ^ Sorely, p. 230
- ^ Prados, p. 317
- ^ Sorley, pp. 230–231.
- ^ a b c Fulghum and Maitland, p. 66.
- ^ Alexander M. Haig, Inner Circles, New York: Warner Books, 1992, p. 273.
- ^ Although technically neutral, the Laotian government had allowed the CIA and U.S. Air Force to conduct a covert war against an indigenous guerrilla insurgency (the Pathet Lao), that was, in turn, heavily supported by regular North Vietnamese forces. Nalty, p. 247.
- ^ Nolan, p. 30.
- ^ a b Palmer, p. 304.
- ^ U.S. planners had previously estimated that such an operation would require the commitment of four U.S. divisions (60,000 men), while Saigon would only commit a force half that size. Stanley Karnow, Vietnam. New York, Viking, 1983, p. 629.
- ^ Prados, pp. 322–324.
- ^ Nalty, p. 252.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, pp. 57–58
- ^ Karnow, p. 630
- ^ Nolan, pp. 104–105.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, p. 70.
- ^ a b c Fulghum and Maitland, p. 72.
- ^ Nolan, p. 31.
- ^ Stanton, p. 334.
- ^ Prados, pp. 330–331.
- ^ Palmer, 306.
- ^ a b Nolan, p. 82.
- ^ a b c Karnow, p. 630.
- ^ Sorely, pp. 235, 236.
- ^ Prados, p. 321.
- ^ Sorely, p. 241.
- ^ Hinh, pp. 8–12.
- ^ Nalty, Air War, p. 256.
- ^ Hinh, p. 38.
- ^ Hinh, p. 43.
- ^ "Indochina: Tough Times on the Trail"', Time Magazine, 8 March 1971.
- ^ Prados, p. 338.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, p. 76.
- ^ Nalty, Air War, p. 262.
- ^ Hinh, p. 63.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, p. 78.
- ^ "Indochina: The Soft Sell Invasion", Time Magazine, 22 February 1971.
- ^ Prados, p. 339.
- ^ Hinh, p. 64.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, p. 82.
- ^ Nolan, pp. 144–145.
- ^ Ironically, the two pilots were not recovered by the search and rescue effort that had abandoned the firebase. They wandered in the jungle for two more days before being picked up. Nolan, p. 150. At a meeting held at Dong Ha between Generals Sutherland and Dong, the Airborne commander railed against Lam and the Americans for not supporting his forces adequately. He was supported in his allegations by Colonel Arthur Pence, the senior U.S. advisor to the Airborne Division. Sutherland, infuriated by Pence's open support of Dong, relieved him of his duties. Nolan, pp. 145–150.
- ^ a b Fulghum and Maitland, p. 85.
- ^ Hinh, pp. 66–67.
- ^ Fulghum and Maitland, p. 85. See also Prados, p. 341.
- ^ The Army Aviation Story Part XII: The Late 1960's
- ^ Gloria Emerson, "Spirit of Saigon's Army Shaken in Laos", The New York Times, 28 March 1973. William D. Morrow, Jr., an advisor with the ARVN Airborne Division during the incursion, was succinct in his appraisal of North Vietnamese forces – "they would have defeated any army that tried the invasion." Prados, p. 361.
- ^ Victory in Vietnam, p. 372, 4ff.
- ^ Hinh, pp. 100, 103.
- ^ Henry Kissinger, The White House Years. New York: little, Brown, 1979, p. 1004. See also Phillip Davidson, Vietnam at War. Novato CA: Presidio Press, 1987, p. 646.
- ^ Stanton, p. 336.
- ^ Sorley, p. 253.
- ^ The new bases were named for actresses whose names American aviators would be familiar with: Gina Lollobrigida, Sophia Loren, Elizabeth Taylor, and Hope Lang.
- ^ By the time this request was made, South Vietnam possessed only one Marine brigade in its entire national reserve. Thieu responded to Abrams by requesting that U.S. forces be deployed to Laos, knowing that such an option was impossible. Sorley, p. 255.
- ^ Nalty, p. 269.
- ^ Stanton, p. 336–337.
- ^ Nalty, p. 271.
- ^ Nolan, p. 313.
- ^ Prados, p. 355.
- ^ Earl H. Tilford, Setup. Maxwell Air force base AL: Air University Press, 1991, p. 203.
- ^ Truck sightings in the Route 9 area reached 2,500 per month post the offensive, numbers usually seen only during peak periods. Prados, p. 361.
- ^ a b Nalty, p. 273.
- ^ Stanton, p. 337.
- ^ Davidson, p. 699.
- ^ Tilford, p. 201.
- ^ Nalty, p. 272.
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