ジェファーソン流民主主義とは何？わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

ジェファーソン流民主主義

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/07/11 10:09 UTC 版)

ジェファーソン流民主主義（ジェファーソンりゅうみんしゅしゅぎ、英: Jeffersonian democracy）は、1790年代から1820年代のアメリカ合衆国で支配的だった2つの政治的概念と動きのうちの1つを表すときに使われる言葉であり、第3代アメリカ合衆国大統領トーマス・ジェファーソンが指導者だったので、その名前を冠している。この言葉は、ジェファーソンがアレクサンダー・ハミルトンの連邦党に対抗して設立した民主共和党を指しても使われることが多い。ジェファーソン流民主主義の信奉者は「自作農」（ヨーマン）と「一般大衆」（プレーンフォーク）を優先し、民主主義と政治機会の平等を提唱した。商人や製造業者の貴族的なエリート主義とされるものに敵対し、さらに工場労働者を信頼せず、また恐怖感の残るイギリス統治制度の支持者に対する監視を続けた。特に市民としての義務を重んずる共和制の原則を遵守し、特権階級、貴族政治および政治的腐敗に反対した。

脚注

^ Michael Kazin, et al. eds. The Concise Princeton Encyclopedia of American Political History (2011) p 149
^ James J. Horn, Jan Ellen Lewis and Peter S. Onuf, eds. The Revolution of 1800: Democracy, Race, and the New Republic (2002)
^ Randolph was the Jeffersonian leader in Congress from 1801-5; he later broke with Jefferson because he thought the president no longer adhered to the true Jeffersonian principles of 1798. David A. Carson, "That Ground Called Quiddism: John Randolph's War with the Jefferson Administration," Journal of American Studies, April 1986, Vol. 20 Issue 1, pp 71-92
^ Benjamin F. Wright, "The Philosopher of Jeffersonian Democracy," American Political Science Review Vol. 22, No. 4 (Nov., 1928), pp. 870-892 in JSTOR
^ Calhoun was "a representative of South Atlantic republicanism" and closely followed Jeffersonian themes says H. Lee Cheek Jr. Calhoun and Popular Rule: The Political Theory of the Disquisition and Discourse (2001) p10; see also pp 38, 40.
^ Editorial, The Jeffersonian 1838 vol 1 p 287
^ Lance Banning, Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology (1978) pp 79–90
^ Noble E. Cunningham, The Jeffersonian party to 1801: a study of the formation of a party organization (1952)
^ Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American democracy (2006) p 138-39
^ Jeffrey L. Pasley, "'A Journeyman, Either in Law or Politics': John Beckley and the Social Origins of Political Campaigning," Journal of the Early Republic Vol. 16, No. 4 (Winter, 1996), pp. 531-569 in JSTOR
^ Elkins and McKitrick. (1995) ch 5; Wallace Hettle, The Peculiar Democracy: Southern Democrats in Peace and Civil War (2001) p. 15
^ Banning (1978) pp 105–15
^ Philip Hamburger, Separation of church and state (2002)
^ Robert Allen Rutland; The Birth of the Bill of Rights, 1776–1791(1955)
^ Banning (1978) pp 264–66
^ Banning (1978) pp 255-66-3
^ Jefferson letter to James Madison, September 6, 1789 | http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/tj3/writings/brf/jefl81.htm
^ Roy J. Honeywell, "A Note on the Educational Work of Thomas Jefferson," History of Education Quarterly, Winter 1969, Vol. 9 Issue 1, pp 64-72 in JSTOR
^ R. Kent Newmyer, John Marshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court (2001)
^ Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson, Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson (1990).
^ Lawrence S. Kaplan, Entangling alliances with none: American foreign policy in the age of Jefferson (1987)
^ Todd Estes, The Jay Treaty Debate, Public Opinion, and the Evolution of Early American Political Culture (2006)
^ Michael Hardt, "Jefferson and Democracy," American Quarterly 59.1 (2007) 41-78, quote on p 63
^ Merrill D. Peterson, "Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution," Tocqueville Review -- La Revue Tocqueville, Jan 1987, Vol. 9, pp 15-25
^ Banning (1978) pp 292–3
^ Noble Eballs. Cunningham, Jr., "Who Were the Quids?" in The Mississippi Valley Historical Review Vol. 50, No. 2 (Sep., 1963), pp. 252-263 in JSTOR
^ Richard P. McCormick, The Second American Party System: Party Formation in the Jacksonian Era (1966).
^ Bernard W. Sheehan, Seeds of Extinction: Jeffersonian Philanthropy and the American Indian (1974)
^ Junius P. Rodriguez, The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia (2002)
^ White, Richard (1991). "It's your misfortune and none of my own" : a new history of the American West. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-8061-2366-4
^ Thomas Jefferson (1900). John P. Foley. ed. The Jeffersonian Cyclopedia: A Comprehensive Collection Of The Views Of Thomas Jefferson Classified And Arranged In Alphabetical Order Under Nine Thousand Titles Relating To Government, Politics, Law, Education, Political Economy, Finance, Science, Art, Literature, Religious Freedom, Morals, Etc. Funk & Wagnalls company. p. 323 2010年3月26日閲覧。
^ Jenkinson, Becoming Jefferson's People, p. 27
^ Jenkinson, Becoming Jefferson's People, p. 26
^ Jefferson, "The Jeffersonian cyclopedia."
"These revenues will be levied entirely on the rich .... The Rich alone use imported article, and on these alone the whole taxes of the General Government are levied. The poor man ... pays not a farthing of tax to the General Government, but on his salt; and should we go into that manufacture also, as is probable, he will pay nothing."
^ ^a ^b ^c Ketcham, 259
^ ^a ^b Jenkinson, Becoming Jefferson's People, pp. 36–38
^ Padraig Riley, Northern Republicans and southern slavery: Democracy in the age of Jefferson, 1800-1819 (2007) p 161
^ Robert M. Johnstone, Jefferson and the Presidency: leadership in the young Republic (1978) p 44
^ Staaloff, Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson, p. 285–292
^ Bernard Bailyn, To Begin the World Anew: The Genius and Ambiguities of the American Founders (2004) p. 38
^ Bailyn, p. 45
^ Jenkinson, Becoming Jefferson's People, p. 8
^ Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn. Liberty or Equality: The Challenge of Our Time (1952) p. 7
^ Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (2006) p 136
^ Sean Wilentz, "Book Reviews," Journal of American History Sept. 2010 v. 97# 2 p 476.

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