スタンダップ・コメディとは？わかりやすく解説

スタンダップコメディ/スタンドアップコメディ（英：stand-up comedy）は、コメディ（即興話芸）の一つ。スタンダップコミック（スタンドアップコミック）やコミック、スタンダップ（スタンドアップ）とも呼ばれる^[1]。マイクを片手に立ちながらしゃべることが名称の由来だが、必ずしも立ったままでしゃべるとは限らない^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。

スタンダップコメディは、基本的に観衆との対話形式で進められるのが特徴である。よく似たものに「漫談」があるが、観客の反応を見ながらも一方的にしゃべる点が異なる。またスタンダップコメディの内容は、演者のモノローグや一行ジョーク（英語版）などを組み合わせたものが多い^[4]。

スタンダップコメディアンの中には、小道具、音楽、手品^[8]を使用する者もいる。スタンダップコメディは、演じる者の架空の「延長」と見なされる「自由な形のコメディライティング」であるともいわれている^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]。

概要

題材はユーモラスな物語やジョーク、人間観察、下ネタ、政治、宗教、人種差別など幅広く、演者が皮肉交じりにしゃべるのが特徴である。伝統的なジョークの形態と異なり、時として観客を不快にさせることがあるという点で「オルタナティヴコメディ（英語版）」の一つとも言われる。

スタンダップコメディは企業のイベントやライブハウス、バー、パブ、ナイトクラブ、ニュー・バーレスク、大学、劇場などでよく行われる。テレビやインターネットなどのメディアを通じた頒布も行われる^[17]。

プロとしてスタンダップコメディを演じられるようになるためには、人々を頻繁に笑いに巻き込むテクニックなどを取得するのに10年以上はかかると言われている^[18]^[19]^[20]。

日本では海外で修行を積んだ清水宏が会長、ぜんじろうが副会長となって「日本スタンダップコメディ協会」を立ち上げ活動している。

脚注

^ Fisher, J Tommy Cooper: Always Leave Them Laughing ISBN 978-0-00-721511-9
^ Wayne Federman (9 July 2019). "S2 Ep. 06: Meltdown". The History of Standup (Podcast). Dana Gould. The Podglomerate. 該当時間: 21:40-21:54. 2019年8月27日閲覧。A low ceiling and proximity to the stage is important because standup comedy is not a performance. It is a conversation in which the comedian does all of the talking.
^ Morris, Andrea (26 July 2018). “A Robot Stand-Up Comedian Learns The Nuts And Bolts Of Comedy”. Forbes. Forbes Media LLC.. 25 March 2019閲覧。 “[A lot of] stand-up comedy…as a general art form…is pre-scripted”
^ ^a ^b Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. p. 16. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "Jerry Seinfeld explains: ‘Comedy is a dialogue, not a monologue—that’s what makes an act click. The laughter becomes the audience’s part, and the comedian responds’"
^ Stewart Lee (3 July 2013). On Not Writing (Lecture) (YouTube) (English). St Edmund Hall: University of Oxford. 該当時間: 48:54-48:58. 2019年2月13日閲覧。On the whole, you have to give the illusion that it's a dialogue
^ Dean, Greg (2000). Step by Step to Stand-up Comedy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. p. 190. ISBN 0-325-00179-0
^ Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. p. 90. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "A comic's material about his life may have some connection to reality, but basically an act is just that, an act—it’s a fictionalized account with a few actual facts thrown in to make the act believable and, perhaps, more relevant to people’s lives."
^ Martin, Steve (2007). Born Standing Up: A Comic's Life. New York: Scribner. pp. 40–42. ISBN 978-1-4165-5364-9. "I was demonstrating tricks eight to twelve hours a day"
^ Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. Jerry Seinfeld. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 199. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "That’s the goal—to become yourself."
^ Mendrinos, James (2004). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Writing Comedy. NY, New York: ALPHA: A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.. p. 12. ISBN 1-59257-231-6
^ Munro, David (2018年). “The Art of the Joke”. CRAFTSMANSHIP Quarterly: The Architecture of Excellence. The Craftsmanship Initiative. 10 March 2019閲覧。
^ Evans, Bradford (7 August 2012). “Stand-Up Comedians and Their Alternate On-Stage Personas”. Vulture: Devouring Culture. NEW YORK MEDIA LLC.. 15 March 2019閲覧。
^ Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. pp. https://archive.org/details/comiclivesinside00born/page/90 90–91]. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "[A stand-up’s] act [is a] fictionalized account with a few actual facts thrown in to make the act believable and, perhaps more relevant to people’s lives...Every stand-up goes onstage as a character to some extent. Some may adopt a persona that’s very similar to their own personality, but it’s still a separate entity...even observational comics...use truth...as a foundation on which to build jokes by taking the truth to its farthest [sic] extreme."
^ Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. p. 262. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "(loosely) autobiographical comedy is the dominant form of stand-up today."
^ Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. Gary Shandling. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 209. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "I [Gary Shandling] think you can only be on stage what you are in real life."
^ Katzif, Mike (16 November 2018). “Mo Amer: Working The Classroom Comedy Circuit”. NPR 11 September 2019閲覧. "[I]f you're not real…people will sniff that out."
^ Fearless delivery sets Will Ferrell apart. The Denver Post, 24 June 2005. Accessed on 29 March 2010.
^ Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. George Wallace. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 240. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "How did you answer them? 'By being George Wallace, and finding out who you are as a comedian. And that takes between seven and eleven years.'"
^ Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. Jerry Seinfeld. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 200. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "How long did it take you to figure out your individual comedic essence? 'I'd [Jerry Seinfeld] say ten years.'"
^ Louis C.K., Charlie Rose (7 May 2014). Louis C.K. (Interview) (TV Show) (English). HBO. 該当時間: 3:59-4:03. 2019年2月3日閲覧。A stage presence comes pretty quickly [but] how to write jokes and how to generate material and know it's going to work; [concerning these, the] first ten years are building the [base] skills

外部リンク

日本スタンダップコメディ協会
Hoffstetter. “Resources”. COMEDYSOAPBOX. 26 January 2019閲覧。
“Vulture: Comedy”. Vulture: Devouring Culture. NEW YORK MEDIA LLC.. 28 January 2019閲覧。
“The Guardian: Comedy”. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. 28 January 2019閲覧。
Fox (2015–2019). “Good One: A Podcast About Jokes”. HEADGUM. HEADGUM, LLC. 28 January 2019閲覧。
McBride. “Let's Talk About Sets”. letstalkaboutsets. Jeffcorp Enterprises: A Jeff Company. 28 January 2019閲覧。
Federman. “The History of Standup”. Podglomerate. The Podglomerate. 10 March 2019閲覧。

この項目は、舞台芸術に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（Portal:舞台芸術）。

[ReferenceA-1] Fisher, J Tommy Cooper: Always Leave Them Laughing ISBN 978-0-00-721511-9

[2] Wayne Federman (9 July 2019). "S2 Ep. 06: Meltdown". The History of Standup (Podcast). Dana Gould. The Podglomerate. 該当時間: 21:40-21:54. 2019年8月27日閲覧。A low ceiling and proximity to the stage is important because standup comedy is not a performance. It is a conversation in which the comedian does all of the talking.

[3] Morris, Andrea (26 July 2018). “A Robot Stand-Up Comedian Learns The Nuts And Bolts Of Comedy”. Forbes. Forbes Media LLC.. 25 March 2019閲覧。 “[A lot of] stand-up comedy…as a general art form…is pre-scripted”

[Borns-16-4] Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. p. 16. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "Jerry Seinfeld explains: ‘Comedy is a dialogue, not a monologue—that’s what makes an act click. The laughter becomes the audience’s part, and the comedian responds’"

[5] Stewart Lee (3 July 2013). On Not Writing (Lecture) (YouTube) (English). St Edmund Hall: University of Oxford. 該当時間: 48:54-48:58. 2019年2月13日閲覧。On the whole, you have to give the illusion that it's a dialogue

[6] Dean, Greg (2000). Step by Step to Stand-up Comedy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. p. 190. ISBN 0-325-00179-0

[7] Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. p. 90. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "A comic's material about his life may have some connection to reality, but basically an act is just that, an act—it’s a fictionalized account with a few actual facts thrown in to make the act believable and, perhaps, more relevant to people’s lives."

[8] Martin, Steve (2007). Born Standing Up: A Comic's Life. New York: Scribner. pp. 40–42. ISBN 978-1-4165-5364-9. "I was demonstrating tricks eight to twelve hours a day"

[9] Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. Jerry Seinfeld. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 199. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "That’s the goal—to become yourself."

[10] Mendrinos, James (2004). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Writing Comedy. NY, New York: ALPHA: A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.. p. 12. ISBN 1-59257-231-6

[11] Munro, David (2018年). “The Art of the Joke”. CRAFTSMANSHIP Quarterly: The Architecture of Excellence. The Craftsmanship Initiative. 10 March 2019閲覧。

[12] Evans, Bradford (7 August 2012). “Stand-Up Comedians and Their Alternate On-Stage Personas”. Vulture: Devouring Culture. NEW YORK MEDIA LLC.. 15 March 2019閲覧。

[13] Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. pp. https://archive.org/details/comiclivesinside00born/page/90 90–91]. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "[A stand-up’s] act [is a] fictionalized account with a few actual facts thrown in to make the act believable and, perhaps more relevant to people’s lives...Every stand-up goes onstage as a character to some extent. Some may adopt a persona that’s very similar to their own personality, but it’s still a separate entity...even observational comics...use truth...as a foundation on which to build jokes by taking the truth to its farthest [sic] extreme."

[14] Borns, Betsy (1987). Comic Lives: Inside the World of American Stand-up comedy. Simon & Schuster, Inc.. p. 262. ISBN 0-671-62620-5. "(loosely) autobiographical comedy is the dominant form of stand-up today."

[15] Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. Gary Shandling. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 209. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "I [Gary Shandling] think you can only be on stage what you are in real life."

[16] Katzif, Mike (16 November 2018). “Mo Amer: Working The Classroom Comedy Circuit”. NPR 11 September 2019閲覧. "[I]f you're not real…people will sniff that out."

[signonsandiego.com-17] Fearless delivery sets Will Ferrell apart. The Denver Post, 24 June 2005. Accessed on 29 March 2010.

[18] Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. George Wallace. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 240. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "How did you answer them? 'By being George Wallace, and finding out who you are as a comedian. And that takes between seven and eleven years.'"

[19] Ajaye, Franklyn (2002). Comic Insights: The Art of Stand-up Comedy. Jerry Seinfeld. Los Angeles: Silman-James Press. pp. 200. ISBN 1-879505-54-1. "How long did it take you to figure out your individual comedic essence? 'I'd [Jerry Seinfeld] say ten years.'"

[20] Louis C.K., Charlie Rose (7 May 2014). Louis C.K. (Interview) (TV Show) (English). HBO. 該当時間: 3:59-4:03. 2019年2月3日閲覧。A stage presence comes pretty quickly [but] how to write jokes and how to generate material and know it's going to work; [concerning these, the] first ten years are building the [base] skills

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スタンダップ・コメディとは？わかりやすく解説