公衆衛生
公衆衛生
(public-health から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/08 19:58 UTC 版)
公衆衛生（こうしゅうえいせい、英: Public health）とは、「社会、組織、公的・私的機関、地域社会、個人の組織的な努力と十分な情報に基づく選択を通じて、疾病を予防し、生命を延長し、健康を促進する科学と芸術」である[1][2]。個体群の健康の決定要因とそれが直面する脅威を分析することが、公衆衛生の基礎となる[3]。公衆は、少人数でも、村や都市全体でもよく、パンデミックの場合は、いくつかの大陸を含むこともある。健康の概念は、身体的、心理的、社会的な幸福を考慮に入れている[1][4]。
- ^ a b Gatseva, Penka D.; Argirova, Mariana (1 June 2011). “Public health: the science of promoting health” (英語). Journal of Public Health 19 (3): 205–206. doi:10.1007/s10389-011-0412-8. ISSN 1613-2238.
- ^ Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory (1920). “The Untilled Field of Public Health”. Modern Medicine 2 (1306): 183–191. Bibcode: 1920Sci....51...23W. doi:10.1126/science.51.1306.23. PMID 17838891.
- ^ a b “What is Public Health”. Centers for Disease Control Foundation. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control. 2017年1月27日閲覧。
- ^ What is the WHO definition of health? from the Preamble to the Constitution of WHO as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19 June – 22 July 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of WHO, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948. The definition has not been amended since 1948.
- ^ PERDIGUERO, E. (2001-07-01). “Anthropology in public health. Bridging differences in culture and society.”. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 55 (7): 528b–528. doi:10.1136/jech.55.7.528b. ISSN 0143-005X. PMC 1731924.
- ^ Lincoln C Chen; David Evans; Tim Evans; Ritu Sadana; Barbara Stilwell; Phylida Travis; Wim Van Lerberghe; Pascal Zurn (2006). World Health Report 2006: working together for health. Geneva: WHO. OCLC 71199185
- ^ Jamison, D T; Mosley, W H (January 1991). “Disease control priorities in developing countries: health policy responses to epidemiological change.”. American Journal of Public Health 81 (1): 15–22. doi:10.2105/ajph.81.1.15. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1404931. PMID 1983911.
- ^ Rosen, George (2015). A history of public health (Revised expanded). Baltimore. ISBN 978-1-4214-1601-4. OCLC 878915301
- ^ Porter, Dorothy (1999). Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415200363
- ^ a b c d e Crook, Tom (2016). Governing systems: modernity and the making of public health in England, 1830–1910. Oakland, California. ISBN 978-0-520-96454-9. OCLC 930786561
- ^ “The World Health Organization and the transition from "international" to "global" public health”. Am J Public Health 96 (1): 62–72. (January 2006). doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831. PMC 1470434. PMID 16322464.
- ^ “Towards a common definition of global health”. Lancet 373 (9679): 1993–5. (June 2009). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60332-9. PMC 9905260. PMID 19493564.
- ^ “The World Health Organization and the transition from "international" to "global" public health”. Am J Public Health 96 (1): 62–72. (January 2006). doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831. PMC 1470434. PMID 16322464.
- ^ a b “Towards a common definition of global health”. Lancet 373 (9679): 1993–5. (June 2009). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60332-9. PMC 9905260. PMID 19493564.
- ^ a b c d e Jung, Paul; Lushniak, Boris D. (March 2017). “Preventive Medicine's Identity Crisis” (英語). American Journal of Preventive Medicine 52 (3): e85–e89. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.037. PMID 28012813.
- ^ a b c Valles, Sean A. (2018). Philosophy of population health : philosophy for a new public health era. London. ISBN 978-1-351-67078-4. OCLC 1035763221
- ^ a b Crook, Tom (2016). Governing systems: modernity and the making of public health in England, 1830–1910. Oakland, California. ISBN 978-0-520-96454-9. OCLC 930786561
- ^ Joint Task Group on Public Health Human Resources; Advisory Committee on Health Delivery & Human Resources; Advisory Committee on Population Health & Health Security (2005). Building the public health workforce for the 21st century. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada. OCLC 144167975
- ^ Joint Task Group on Public Health Human Resources; Advisory Committee on Health Delivery & Human Resources; Advisory Committee on Population Health & Health Security (2005). Building the public health workforce for the 21st century. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada. OCLC 144167975
- ^ Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap. Handwashing research Archived 16 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 19 April 2011.
- ^ Wang, Fahui (2020-01-02). “Why public health needs GIS: a methodological overview” (英語). Annals of GIS 26 (1): 1–12. Bibcode: 2020AnGIS..26....1W. doi:10.1080/19475683.2019.1702099. ISSN 1947-5683. PMC 7297184. PMID 32547679.
- ^ a b c d e f g Holland, Stephen (2015). Public health ethics (Second ed.). Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-7456-6218-3. OCLC 871536632
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Michael (2002-01-04) (英語). The Tyranny of Health: Doctors and the Regulation of Lifestyle. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-56346-3
- ^ a b Fiona, Sim; Martin, McKee (2011-09-01) (英語). Issues In Public Health. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). ISBN 978-0-335-24422-5
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Katie; Tinning, Richard (2014-02-05) (英語). Health Education: Critical perspectives. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-07214-8
- ^ Zembylas, Michalinos (2021-05-06) (英語). Affect and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism: Pedagogies for the Renewal of Democratic Education. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-83840-5
- ^ “The declines in infant mortality and fertility: Evidence from British cities in demographic transition”. 2012年12月17日閲覧。
- ^ “10 facts on breastfeeding”. World Health Organization. 2011年4月20日閲覧。
- ^ World Health Organization. Diabetes Fact Sheet N°312, January 2011. Accessed 19 April 2011.
- ^ The Lancet (2010). “Type 2 diabetes—time to change our approach”. The Lancet 375 (9733): 2193. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61011-2. PMID 20609952.
- ^ World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight Fact sheet N°311, Updated June 2016. Accessed 19 April 2011.
- ^ “How can local authorities reduce obesity? Insights from NIHR research”. NIHR Evidence. (19 May 2022).
- ^ Flynn, Michael A. (2018-11-19). “Im/migration, Work, and Health: Anthropology and the Occupational Health of Labor Im/migrants”. Anthropology of Work Review: AWR 39 (2): 116–123. doi:10.1111/awr.12151. ISSN 0883-024X. PMC 6503519. PMID 31080311.
- ^ Victora, Cesar G; Vaughan, J Patrick; Barros, Fernando C; Silva, Anamaria C; Tomasi, Elaine (2000). “Explaining trends in inequities: evidence from Brazilian child health studies”. The Lancet 356 (9235): 1093–1098. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02741-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 11009159.
- ^ coaccess. doi:10.51952/9781847423221.ch005 2023年6月6日閲覧。.
- ^ Flynn, Michael A.; Check, Pietra; Steege, Andrea L.; Sivén, Jacqueline M.; Syron, Laura N. (2021-12-29). “Health Equity and a Paradigm Shift in Occupational Safety and Health”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (1): 349. doi:10.3390/ijerph19010349. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 8744812. PMID 35010608.
- ^ “The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization” (英語). The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (2019年1月24日). 2020年3月18日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年3月18日閲覧。
- ^ “WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition”. 2020年4月1日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ “What we do” (英語). www.who.int. 2020年3月17日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年3月17日閲覧。
- ^ Alkhuli, Muhammad Ali (英語). English for Nursing and Medicine. دار الفلاح للنشر والتوزيع. ISBN 978-9957-552-36-7
- ^ "Public health principles and neurological disorders". Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges (Report). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2006.
- ^ “Collaboration between local health and local government agencies for health improvement”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012 (10): CD007825. (17 October 2012). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007825.pub6. PMC 9936257. PMID 23076937.
- ^ a b c Butcher, Lola (17 November 2020). “Pandemic puts all eyes on public health”. Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-111720-1 2022年3月2日閲覧。.
- ^ World Health Organization. The role of WHO in public health, accessed 19 April 2011.
- ^ World Health Organization. Public health surveillance, accessed 19 April 2011.
- ^ Botchway, Stella; Hoang, Uy (2016). “Reflections on the United Kingdom's first public health film festival”. Perspectives in Public Health 136 (1): 23–24. doi:10.1177/1757913915619120. PMID 26702114.
- ^ Valerie Curtis and Robert Aunger. "Motivational mismatch: evolved motives as the source of—and solution to—global public health problems". In Roberts, S. C. (2011). Roberts, S. Craig. ed. Applied Evolutionary Psychology. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001. ISBN 9780199586073
- ^ Gillam Stephen; Yates, Jan; Badrinath, Padmanabhan (2007). Essential Public Health: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 144228591
- ^ Pencheon, David; Guest, Charles; Melzer, David; Gray, JA Muir (2006). Pencheon, David. ed. Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice. Oxford University Press. OCLC 663666786
- ^ Smith, Sarah; Sinclair, Don; Raine, Rosalind; Reeves, Barnarby (2005). Health Care Evaluation. Understanding Public Health. Open University Press. OCLC 228171855
- ^ Sanderson, Colin J.; Gruen, Reinhold (2006). Analytical Models for Decision Making. Understanding Public Health. Open University Press. OCLC 182531015
- ^ Byrd, Nick; Białek, Michał (2021). “Your Health vs. My Liberty: Philosophical beliefs dominated reflection and identifiable victim effects when predicting public health recommendation compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic” (英語). Cognition 212: 104649. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104649. PMC 8599940. PMID 33756152.
- ^ United Nations. Press Conference on General Assembly Decision to Convene Summit in September 2011 on Non-Communicable Diseases. New York, 13 May 2010.
- ^ Lincoln C Chen; David Evans; Tim Evans; Ritu Sadana; Barbara Stilwell; Phylida Travis; Wim Van Lerberghe; Pascal Zurn (2006). World Health Report 2006: working together for health. Geneva: WHO. OCLC 71199185
- ^ a b Jamison, D T; Mosley, W H (January 1991). “Disease control priorities in developing countries: health policy responses to epidemiological change.”. American Journal of Public Health 81 (1): 15–22. doi:10.2105/ajph.81.1.15. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1404931. PMID 1983911.
- ^ “Malaria – Malaria Worldwide – Impact of Malaria” (英語). CDC (2021年1月26日). 2021年10月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Fact sheet about Malaria” (英語). www.who.int. 2021年10月19日閲覧。
- ^ “10 facts on breastfeeding”. World Health Organization. 2011年4月20日閲覧。
- ^ Organization, World Health (2010). Equity, Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes. World Health Organization. ISBN 9789241563970
- ^ Richard G. Wilkinson; Michael G. Marmot, eds (2003). The Solid Facts: Social Determinants of Health. WHO. OCLC 54966941
- ^ Bank, European Investment (2023年2月2日). “Health Overview 2023” (英語). 2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ Leider, Jonathon P.; Yeager, Valerie A.; Kirkland, Chelsey; Krasna, Heather; Hare Bork, Rachel; Resnick, Beth (1 April 2023). “The State of the US Public Health Workforce: Ongoing Challenges and Future Directions” (英語). Annual Review of Public Health 44 (1): annurev–publhealth–071421-032830. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071421-032830. ISSN 0163-7525. PMID 36692395 2023年3月14日閲覧。.
- ^ Robert Huish and John M. Kirk (2007), "Cuban Medical Internationalism and the Development of the Latin American School of Medicine", Latin American Perspectives, 34; 77
- ^ a b c d Bendavid, Eran; Bhattacharya, Jay (2014). “The Relationship of Health Aid to Population Health Improvements”. JAMA Internal Medicine 174 (6): 881–887. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.292. PMC 4777302. PMID 24756557.
- ^ Twumasi, Patrick (1 April 1981). “Colonialism and international health: A study in social change in Ghana”. Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology 15 (2): 147–151. doi:10.1016/0160-7987(81)90037-5. ISSN 0160-7987. PMID 7244686.
- ^ a b c Afridi, Muhammad Asim; Ventelou, Bruno (1 March 2013). “Impact of health aid in developing countries: The public vs. the private channels”. Economic Modelling 31: 759–765. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.009. ISSN 0264-9993.
- ^ “TDR | World Health Organization”. 2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ a b Shwank, Oliver. “Global Health Initiatives and Aid Effectiveness in the Health Sector”. 2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ Afridi, Muhammad Asim; Ventelou, Bruno (1 March 2013). “Impact of health aid in developing countries: The public vs. the private channels”. Economic Modelling 31: 759–765. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.009. ISSN 0264-9993.
- ^ a b Bendavid, Eran; Bhattacharya, Jay (2014). “The Relationship of Health Aid to Population Health Improvements”. JAMA Internal Medicine 174 (6): 881–887. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.292. PMC 4777302. PMID 24756557.
- ^ “2015 – United Nations sustainable development agenda”. United Nations Sustainable Development. 2015年11月25日閲覧。
- ^ a b “Sustainable development goals – United Nations”. United Nations Sustainable Development. 2015年11月25日閲覧。
- ^ “Health – United Nations Sustainable Development”. United Nations Sustainable Development. 2015年11月25日閲覧。
- ^ World Development Report 2015年11月25日閲覧。.
- ^ Rosen, George (2015). A history of public health (Revised expanded). Baltimore. ISBN 978-1-4214-1601-4. OCLC 878915301
- ^ Porter, Dorothy (1999). Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415200363
- ^ Cosmacini, Giorgio (2005). Storia della medicina e della sanità in Italia: dalla peste nera ai giorni nostri. Bari: Laterza
- ^ Shephard, Roy J. (2015). An illustrated history of health and fitness, from pre-history to our post-modern world. Cham: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-11671-6. OCLC 897376985
- ^ Berridge, V; (2016) Public Health: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 9780199688463
- ^ Chattopadhyay, Aparna (1968). “Hygienic Principles in the Regulations of Food Habits in the Dharma Sūtras”. Nagarjun 11: 194–99.
- ^ Leung, Angela Ki Che. "Hygiène et santé publique dans la Chine pré-moderne". In Les hygienists. Enjeux, modèles et practiques. Edited by Patrice Bourdelais, 343–71 (Paris: Belin, 2001)
- ^ Harvey, Herbert R. (1981). “Public Health in Aztec Society”. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 57 (2): 157–65. PMC 1805201. PMID 7011458.
- ^ Gunyah, Goondie + Wurley: the Aboriginal architecture of Australia. (2008-09-01)
- ^ Gammage, Bill. (2014). Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines made Australia.. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74269-352-1. OCLC 956710111
- ^ Stearns, Justin K. (2011). Infectious ideas: contagion in premodern Islamic and Christian thought in the Western Mediterranean. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9873-0. OCLC 729944227
- ^ Rawcliffe, Carole. (2019). Urban Bodies - Communal Health in Late Medieval English Towns and Cities.. Boydell & Brewer, Limited. ISBN 978-1-78327-381-2. OCLC 1121393294
- ^ Geltner, G. (2019). Roads to Health: Infrastructure and Urban Wellbeing in Later Medieval Italy. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-5135-7. OCLC 1076422219
- ^ Varlik, Nükhet (2015-07-22). Plague and Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean World. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139004046. ISBN 978-1-139-00404-6
- ^ McVaugh, Michael R. "Arnald of Villanova's Regimen Almarie (Regimen Castra Sequentium) and Medieval Military Medicine". Viator 23 (1992): 201–14
- ^ Nicoud, Marilyn. (2013). Les régimes de santé au Moyen Âge Naissance et diffusion d'une écriture médicale en Italie et en France (XIIIe- XVe siècle). Publications de l'École française de Rome. ISBN 978-2-7283-1006-7. OCLC 960812022
- ^ Ibn Riḍwān, ʻAlī Abū al-Ḥasan al-Miṣrī (1984). Gamal, Adil S.. ed. Medieval Islamic medicine: Ibn Riḍwān's treatise "On the prevention of bodily ills in Egypt.. University of California Press. OCLC 469624320
- ^ L.J. Rather, 'The Six Things Non-Natural: A Note on the Origins and Fate of a Doctrine and a Phrase', Clio Medica, iii (1968)
- ^ Luis García-Ballester, 'On the Origins of the Six Non-Natural Things in Galen', in Jutta Kollesch and Diethard Nickel (eds.), Galen und das hellenistische Erbe: Verhandlungen des IV. Internationalen Galen-Symposiums veranstaltet vom Institut für Geschichte der Medizin am Bereich Medizin (Charité) der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 18.-20. September 1989 (Stuttgart, 1993)
- ^ Janna Coomans and G. Geltner, 'On the Street and in the Bath-House: Medieval Galenism in Action?' Anuario de Estudios Medievales, xliii (2013)
- ^ Israelovich, Ido. "Medical Care in the Roman Army during the High Empire". In Popular Medicine in Graeco-Roman Antiquity: Explorations. Edited by William V. Harris, 126–46 (Leiden: Brill, 2016)
- ^ Geltner, G. (January 2019). “In the Camp and on the March: Military Manuals as Sources for Studying Premodern Public Health” (英語). Medical History 63 (1): 44–60. doi:10.1017/mdh.2018.62. ISSN 0025-7273. PMC 8670759. PMID 30556517.
- ^ Harvey, Barbara F. (2002). Living and dying in England, 1100–1540: the monastic experience. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-820431-0. OCLC 612358999
- ^ Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, 'La Mobilità della Curia romana nel Secolo XIII: Riflessi locali', in Società e Istituzioni dell'Italia comunale: l'Esempio di Perugia (Secoli XII-XIV), 2 vols. (Perugia, 1988)
- ^ Coomans, Janna (February 2019). “The king of dirt: public health and sanitation in late medieval Ghent” (英語). Urban History 46 (1): 82–105. doi:10.1017/S096392681800024X. ISSN 0963-9268.
- ^ Glick, T.F. "New Perspectives on the Hisba and its Hispanic Derivatives". Al-Qantara 13 (1992): 475–89
- ^ Kinzelbach, Annemarie. "Infection, Contagion, and Public Health in Late Medieval German Imperial Towns". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 61 (2006): 369–89
- ^ Jørgensen, Dolly. "Cooperative Sanitation: Managing Streets and Gutters in Late Medieval England and Scandinavia". Technology and Culture 49 (2008): 547–67
- ^ Henderson, John. "Public Health, Pollution and the Problem of Waste Disposal in Early Modern Tuscany". In Le interazioni fra economia e ambiente biologico nell'Europa preindustriale. Secc. XIII-XVIII. Edited by Simonetta Cavaciocchi, 373–82 (Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010)
- ^ Nutton, Vivian. "Continuity or Rediscovery? The City Physician in Classical Antiquity and Mediaeval Italy". In The Town and State Physician in Europe. Edited by Andrew W. Russell, 9–46. (Wolfenbüttel: Herzog August Bibliothek, 1981)
- ^ Rawcliffe, Carole. (2009). Leprosy in medieval England. The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-454-0. OCLC 884314023
- ^ Demaitre, Luke E. (2007). Leprosy in premodern medicine: a malady of the whole body. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8613-3. OCLC 799983230
- ^ Adam Sabra. (2006). Poverty and charity in medieval islam: mamluk egypt, 1250–1517.. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-03474-4. OCLC 712129032
- ^ Cascoigne, Alison L. "The Water Supply of Tinnīs: Public Amenities and Private Investments". In Cities in the Pre-Modern Islamic World: The Urban Impact of Religion, State and Society. Edited by Amira K. Bennison and Alison L. Gascoigne, 161-76 (London: Routledge, 2007)
- ^ Horden, Peregrine. "Ritual and Public Health in the Early Medieval City". In Body and City: Histories of Urban Public Health. Edited by Sally Sheard and Helen Power, 17–40 (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2000)
- ^ Falcón, Isabel. "Aprovisionamiento y sanidad en Zaragoza en el siglo XV". Acta Historica et Archaeologica Mediaeval 19 (1998): 127–44
- ^ Duccio Balestracci, 'The Regulation of Public Health in Italian Medieval Towns', in Helmut Hundsbichler, Gerhard Jaritz and Thomas Kühtreiber (eds.), Die Vielfalt der Dinge: Neue Wege zur Analyse mittelaltericher Sachkultur (Vienna, 1998)
- ^ Ewert, Ulf Christian. "Water, Public Hygiene and Fire Control in Medieval Towns: Facing Collective Goods Problems while Ensuring the Quality of Life". Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung 32 (2007): 222–52
- ^ Anja Petaros et al., 'Public Health Problems in the Medieval Statutes of Croatian Adriatic Coastal Towns: From Public Morality to Public Health', Journal of Religion and Health, lii (2013)
- ^ Skelton, Leona J. (2016). Sanitation in urban Britain, 1560–1700. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-21789-3. OCLC 933433427
- ^ Carmichael, Ann G. "Plague Legislation in the Italian Renaissance". Bulletin of the History of Medicine 7 (1983): 508–25
- ^ Geltner, G. (2019). “The Path to Pistoia: Urban Hygiene Before the Black Death” (英語). Past & Present 246: 3–33. doi:10.1093/pastj/gtz028. hdl:11245.1/3cff1e5a-78b1-4f40-a754-a28ffbb456cf.
- ^ Blažina-Tomić, Zlata; Blažina, Vesna (2015). Expelling the plague: the health office and the implementation of quarantine in Dubrovnik, 1377–1533. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-7735-4539-7. OCLC 937888436
- ^ Gall, Gabriella Eva Cristina, Stephan Lautenschlager and Homayoun C. Bagheri. "Quarantine as a Public Health Measure against an Emerging Infectious Disease: Syphilis in Zurich at the Dawn of the Modern Era (1496–1585)". Hygiene and Infection Control 11 (2016): 1–10
- ^ Cipolla, Carlo M. (1973). Cristofano and the plague: a study in the history of public health in the age of Galileo. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02341-2. OCLC 802505260
- ^ Carmichael, Ann G. (2014). Plague and the poor in Renaissance Florence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-63436-7. OCLC 906714501
- ^ Cohn, Samuel K. (2012). Cultures of plague: medical thinking at the end of the Renaissance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957402-5. OCLC 825731416
- ^ a b c “Public Health”. Encyclopædia Britannica (2019年5月20日). 2024年3月10日閲覧。
- ^ Carruthers, G. Barry; Carruthers, Lesley A. (2005). A History of Britain's Hospitals. Book Guild Publishers. ISBN 9781857769050
- ^ Vale, Brian. "The Conquest of Scurvy in the Royal Navy 1793–1800: A Challenge to Current Orthodoxy". The Mariners' Mirror, volume 94, number 2, May 2008, pp. 160–175.
- ^ Selwyn, S (1966), “Sir John Pringle: hospital reformer, moral philosopher and pioneer of antiseptics”, Medical History 10 (3): 266–74, July 1966, doi:10.1017/s0025727300011133, PMC 1033606, PMID 5330009
- ^ Amanda J. Thomas (2010). The Lambeth cholera outbreak of 1848–1849: the setting, causes, course and aftermath of an epidemic in London. McFarland. pp. 55–6. ISBN 978-0-7864-3989-8
- ^ Margaret Stacey (1 June 2004). The Sociology of Health and Healing. Taylor and Francis. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-203-38004-8
- ^ Samuel Edward Finer (1952). The Life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick. Methuen. pp. 424–5. ISBN 978-0-416-17350-5
- ^ a b Ashton, John; Ubido, Janet (1991). “The Healthy City and the Ecological Idea”. Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine 4 (1): 173–181. doi:10.1093/shm/4.1.173. PMID 11622856. オリジナルの24 December 2013時点におけるアーカイブ。 2013年7月8日閲覧。.
- ^ Chadwick, Edwin (1842). “Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions”. excerpt from Report...from the Poor Law Commissioners on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (pp. 369–372) (online source). added by Laura Del Col: to The Victorian Web 2009年11月8日閲覧。
- ^ Chadwick, Edwin (1843). Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. A Supplementary Report on the results of a Special Inquiry into The Practice of Interment in Towns. London: Printed by R. Clowes & Sons, for Her Majesty's Stationery Office Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
- ^ Brunton, Deborah (2008). The Politics of Vaccination: Practice and Policy in England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland, 1800–1874. University Rochester Press. pp. 39. ISBN 9781580460361
- ^ “Decline of Infant Mortality in England and Wales, 1871–1948: a Medical Conundrum”. 2012年12月17日閲覧。
- ^ Mooney, Graham (2015). Intrusive Interventions: Public Health, Domestic Space, and Infectious Disease Surveillance in England, 1840–1914. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580465274
- ^ United States Public Health Service, Municipal Health Department Practice for the Year 1923 (Public Health Bulletin # 164, July 1926), pp. 348, 357, 364
- ^ Bachrach, Susan (July 29, 2004). “In the Name of Public Health — Nazi Racial Hygiene”. The New England Journal of Medicine 351 (5): 417–420. doi:10.1056/NEJMp048136. PMID 15282346. オリジナルのJan 14, 2024時点におけるアーカイブ。.
- ^ 柳沢文徳「食品衛生」共立出版、1952年6月、p.1
- ^ Vinten-Johansen, Peter, et al. (2003). Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513544-X
- ^ ジョンソン、スティーブン (2006). ゴーストマップ: ロンドンで最も恐ろしい流行病の物語-そしてそれがいかに科学、都市、現代世界を変えたか. リバーヘッド・ブックス. ISBN 1-59448-925-4
- ^ Miquel Porta (2014). A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997673-7
- ^ “:: Laboc Hospital – A Noble Prize Winner's Workplace”. easternpanorama.in. 2013年11月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年7月11日閲覧。
- ^ Edward Marriott (1966) in "Plague. A Story of Science, Rivalry and the Scourge That Won't Go Away" ISBN 978-1-4223-5652-4
- ^ Ronn F. Pineo, "Public Health" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 4, p. 481. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.
- ^ Pierce J.R., J, Writer. 2005. Yellow Jack: How Yellow Fever Ravaged America and Walter Reed Discovered its Deadly Secrets. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-47261-1
- ^ Pineo, "Public Health", p. 481.
- ^ たばこと健康に関する情報ページ（厚生労働省健康局総務課生活習慣病対策室健康情報管理係）
- ^ a b c "Achievements in Public Health, 1900–1999" (PDF). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Vol. 48, no. 50. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 24 December 1999.
- ^ Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian Public Health Workforce Core Competencies, accessed 19 April 2011.
- ^ White, Franklin (2013). “The Imperative of Public Health Education: A Global Perspective”. Medical Principles and Practice 22 (6): 515–529. doi:10.1159/000354198. PMC 5586806. PMID 23969636.
- ^ 社会健康医学系専攻の目指すもの - 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
- ^ Welch, William H.; Rose, Wickliffe (1915). Institute of Hygiene: Being a report by Dr. William H. Welch and Wickliffe Rose to the General Education Board, Rockefeller Foundation (Report). pp. 660–668. reprinted in Fee, Elizabeth (1992). The Welch-Rose Report: Blueprint for Public Health Education in America. Washington, DC: Delta Omega Honorary Public Health Society. オリジナルの7 May 2012時点におけるアーカイブ。
- ^ a b c d Patel, Kant; Rushefsky, Mark E.; McFarlane, Deborah R. (2005). The Politics of Public Health in the United States. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 91. ISBN 978-0-7656-1135-2
- ^ “Antagonism and accommodation: interpreting the relationship between public health and medicine in the United States during the 20th century”. American Journal of Public Health 90 (5): 707–15. (2000). doi:10.2105/AJPH.90.5.707. PMC 1446218. PMID 10800418.
- ^ White, Kerr L. (1991). Healing the schism: Epidemiology, medicine, and the public's health. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-97574-0
- ^ Darnell, Regna (2008). Histories of anthropology annual. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 36. ISBN 978-0-8032-6664-3
- ^ Dyer, John Percy (1966). Tulane: the biography of a university, 1834-1965. Harper & Row. pp. 136
- ^ Burrow, Gerard N. (2002). A history of Yale's School of Medicine: passing torches to others. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300132885. OCLC 182530966
- ^ Education of the Physician: International Dimensions. Education Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates., Association of American Medical Colleges. Meeting. (1984 : Chicago, Ill), p. v.
- ^ Milton Terris, "The Profession of Public Health", Conference on Education, Training, and the Future of Public Health. 22–24 March 1987. Board on Health Care Services. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, p. 53.
- ^ Sheps, Cecil G. (1973). “Schools of Public Health in Transition”. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society 51 (4): 462–468. doi:10.2307/3349628. JSTOR 3349628.
- ^ Kar, Snehendu B. (2018-05-18) (英語). Empowerment of Women for Promoting Health and Quality of Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 69. ISBN 978-0-19-938467-9
- ^ “Schools of Public Health and Public Health Programs”. 公衆衛生教育協議会 (2011年3月11日). 2012年6月11日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年3月30日閲覧。
- ^ Berke, Olaf; Sobkowich, Kurtis; Bernardo, Theresa M. (2020-11-01). “Celebration day: 400th birthday of John Graunt, citizen scientist of London”. Environmental Health Review 63 (3): 67–69. doi:10.5864/d2020-018. ISSN 0319-6771.
- ^ Winkelstein, Warren (July 2008). “Lemuel Shattuck: Architect of American Public Health” (英語). Epidemiology 19 (4): 634. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31817307f2. ISSN 1044-3983. PMID 18552594.
- ^ The Commonwealth Fund (1936). “Snow on cholera: A reprint of two paper: John Snow, M.D”. The Health Officer 1 (8): 306.
- ^ Halliday, Stephen (2013). The Great Stink of London: Sir Joseph Bazalgette and the Cleansing of the Victorian Metropolis. The History Press. ISBN 978-0752493787
- ^ “A Theory of Germs”. Science, Medicine, and Animals. National Academies Press (US). (4 January 2024)
- ^ Lakhtakia, Ritu (2014). “The Legacy of Robert Koch: Surmise, search, substantiate”. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal 14 (1): e37–41. doi:10.12816/0003334. PMC 3916274. PMID 24516751.
- ^ https://history.info/on-this-day/1843-robert-koch-man-saved-millions-lives/
- ^ Beitsch, Leslie M.; Yeager, Valerie A.; Moran, John (18 March 2015). “Deciphering the Imperative: Translating Public Health Quality Improvement into Organizational Performance Management Gains”. Annual Review of Public Health 36 (1): 273–287. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122810. PMID 25494050.
- ^ Parry, Manon S. (April 2006). “Sara Josephine Baker (1873–1945)”. American Journal of Public Health 96 (4): 620–621. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.079145. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1470556.
- ^ Mackie, Elizabeth M; Scott Wilson, T. (12 November 1994). “Obituary N.I.Wattie”. British Medical Journal 309: 1297.
- ^ Asimov, Nanette (2005年9月1日). “Ruth Huenemann – pioneer in study of childhood obesity”. SF Gate. Hearts Newspapers 2022年9月7日閲覧。
- ^ “Mangalurean doctor's pilot project helps bring down malnutrition in Yelburga”. The Times of India. (2023年8月27日). ISSN 0971-8257 2023年9月23日閲覧。
- ^ “Canada: International Health Care System Profiles”. international.commonwealthfund.org. 2020年5月25日閲覧。
- ^ Pineo, "Public Health", p. 483.
- ^ Hanni Jalil, "Curing a Sick Nation: Public Health and Citizenship in Colombia, 1930–1940". PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara 2015.
- ^ Nicole Pacino, "Prescription for a Nation: Public Health in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia, 1952–1964". PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara 2013.
- ^ “Ghana”. CDC Global Health. 2018年4月9日閲覧。
- ^ a b c Agyepong, Irene Akua; Manderson, Lenore (January 1999). “Mosquito Avoidance and Bed Net Use in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana”. Journal of Biosocial Science 31 (1): 79–92. doi:10.1017/S0021932099000796. ISSN 1469-7599. PMID 10081239.
- ^ “Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014”. 2020年5月18日閲覧。
- ^ Leider, Jonathon P.; Resnick, Beth; Bishai, David; Scutchfield, F. Douglas (1 April 2018). “How Much Do We Spend? Creating Historical Estimates of Public Health Expenditures in the United States at the Federal, State, and Local Levels”. Annual Review of Public Health 39 (1): 471–487. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013455. ISSN 0163-7525. PMID 29346058.
- ^ a b Himmelstein, David U.; Woolhandler, Steffie (January 2016). “Public Health's Falling Share of US Health Spending”. American Journal of Public Health 106 (1): 56–57. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302908. PMC 4695931. PMID 26562115.
- ^ Alfonso, Y. Natalia; Leider, Jonathon P.; Resnick, Beth; McCullough, J. Mac; Bishai, David (1 April 2021). “US Public Health Neglected: Flat Or Declining Spending Left States Ill Equipped To Respond To COVID-19”. Health Affairs 40 (4): 664–671. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01084. ISSN 0278-2715. PMC 9890672. PMID 33764801.
- ^ Institute of Medicine (2012) (英語). For the Public's Health: Investing in a Healthier Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. p. 2. doi:10.17226/13268. ISBN 978-0-309-22107-8. PMID 24830052
- ^ “Health Care Costs Accounted for 17.7 Percent of GDP in 2018”. California Health Care Foundation (2020年6月2日). 2022年3月2日閲覧。
- ^ “A dozen facts about the economics of the US health-care system”. Brookings Institution (2020年3月10日). 2022年3月2日閲覧。
- ^ Wallace, Megan; Sharfstein, Joshua M. (6 January 2022). “The Patchwork U.S. Public Health System”. New England Journal of Medicine 386 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2104881. PMID 34979071.
- ^ “Explore Public Health Funding in the United States | 2021 Annual Report” (英語). America's Health Rankings. 2022年3月2日閲覧。
- ^ “GHJP Report Calls for Reinvestment to Revive Public Health in the U.S.” (英語). Yale Law School. (2021年6月7日) 2022年3月2日閲覧。
- ^ Eager, William; Herman, David; House, Margaret; Robinson, Leah; Williams, Christopher (2021). Confronting a legacy of scarcity: a plan for America's reinvestment in U.S. public health. Yale School of Public Health
- ^ “The Impact of Chronic Underfunding on America's Public Health System: Trends, Risks, and Recommendations, 2021”. Trust for America's Health (2021年5月7日). 2022年3月2日閲覧。
[続きの解説]
「public health」の例文・使い方・用例・文例
- public-healthのページへのリンク
