かりゅう‐きゅう〔クワリフキウ〕【顆粒球】
読み方：かりゅうきゅう
顆粒球
英訳・(英)同義/類義語：granulocyte, Basophils; Eosinophils; Neutrophil
白血球のうち、好中球、好酸球、好塩基球の総称で、細胞内に顆粒が顕著に見られる。
白血球のうち、好中球、好酸球、好塩基球の総称で、細胞内に顆粒が顕著に見られる。
「生物学用語辞典」の他の用語
| 細胞名や細胞内の構造オルガネラに関連する用語： | 雄性前核 雄性配偶子 頂端細胞 顆粒球 顆粒球コロニー形成細胞 顆粒球マクロファージコロニー形成細胞 顆粒細胞 |
顆粒球
Granulocyte
【概要】 白血球を染色したときに細胞質が顆粒状に染まるものをいう。好中球、好酸球、好塩基球の3種類があるが、通常ほとんどが好中球。
【詳しく】 顆粒球を骨髄で増やすホルモンが顆粒球コロニー刺激因子(G-CSF)で、組み換え型製剤が使える。薬剤の副作用で減少したものを『無顆粒球症』という。
顆粒球
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/07 20:33 UTC 版)
顆粒球（かりゅうきゅう、英: granulocytes）は白血球の一種で、自然免疫系を担う細胞であり、細胞質内に特異顆粒が存在することが特徴である[1]。これは、多形核白血球（polymorphonuclear leukocytes、PMN、PML、PMNL）とも呼ばれ、核の形が変化して、通常は3つの小葉に分かれている特徴がある。これにより、単核無顆粒白血球とは区別される。多形核白血球という用語は、顆粒球の中で最も多い好中球（好中性顆粒球）を指すことが多く[2]、他の種類（好酸球、好塩基球、肥満細胞）は小葉の数が少ない特徴がある。顆粒球は、骨髄で顆粒球形成によって産生される。
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- ^ WebMD (2009). “leukocyte, polymorphonuclear”. Webster's New World Medical Dictionary (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-544-18897-6
- ^ a b c d Breedveld A, Groot Kormelink T, van Egmond M, de Jong EC (October 2017). “Granulocytes as modulators of dendritic cell function”. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 102 (4): 1003–1016. doi:10.1189/jlb.4MR0217-048RR. PMID 28642280.
- ^ Stvrtinová, Viera; Ján Jakubovský and Ivan Hulín (1995). “Neutrophils, central cells in acute inflammation”. Inflammation and Fever from Pathophysiology: Principles of Disease. Computing Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences: Academic Electronic Press. ISBN 80-967366-1-2. オリジナルのDecember 31, 2010時点におけるアーカイブ。 2009年3月28日閲覧。
- ^ Abbas, Chapter 12, 5th Edition[要文献特定詳細情報][要ページ番号]
- ^ Hoffbrand p. 331
- ^ a b Sompayrac p. 18
- ^ Linderkamp O, Ruef P, Brenner B, Gulbins E, Lang F (December 1998). “Passive deformability of mature, immature, and active neutrophils in healthy and septicemic neonates”. Pediatric Research 44 (6): 946–50. doi:10.1203/00006450-199812000-00021. PMID 9853933.
- ^ Hickey MJ, Kubes P (May 2009). “Intravascular immunity: the host-pathogen encounter in blood vessels”. Nature Reviews. Immunology 9 (5): 364–75. doi:10.1038/nri2532. PMID 19390567.
- ^ Robinson p. 187 and Ernst pp. 7–10
- ^ Paoletti p. 62
- ^ Soehnlein O, Kenne E, Rotzius P, Eriksson EE, Lindbom L (January 2008). “Neutrophil secretion products regulate anti-bacterial activity in monocytes and macrophages”. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 151 (1): 139–45. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03532.x. PMC 2276935. PMID 17991288.
- ^ a b c Mayer, Gene (2006年). “Immunology — Chapter One: Innate (non-specific) Immunity”. Microbiology and Immunology On-Line Textbook. USC School of Medicine. 2008年11月12日閲覧。
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- ^ a b Hess, Charles E.. “Segmented Eosinophil”. University of Virginia Health System. 2009年4月10日閲覧。
- ^ a b Baron, Samuel (editor) (1996). Medical Microbiology (4th edition). EditionThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2
- ^ Gleich, Gerald J.; Adolphson, Cheryl R. (1986). “The Eosinophilic Leukocyte: Structure and Function”. Advances in Immunology Volume 39. Advances in Immunology. 39. pp. 177–253. doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60351-X. ISBN 978-0-12-022439-5
- ^ a b Campbell p. 903
- ^ Akuthota P, Wang HB, Spencer LA, Weller PF (August 2008). “Immunoregulatory roles of eosinophils: a new look at a familiar cell”. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 38 (8): 1254–63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03037.x. PMC 2735457. PMID 18727793.
- ^ Kariyawasam HH, Robinson DS (April 2006). “The eosinophil: the cell and its weapons, the cytokines, its locations”. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 27 (2): 117–27. doi:10.1055/s-2006-939514. PMID 16612762.
- ^ Hess, Charles E.. “Mature Basophil”. University of Virginia Health System. 2009年4月10日閲覧。
- ^ Lee DM, Friend DS, Gurish MF, Benoist C, Mathis D, Brenner MB (September 2002). “Mast cells: a cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis”. Science 297 (5587): 1689–92. doi:10.1126/science.1073176. PMID 12215644.
- ^ Polyzoidis S, Koletsa T, Panagiotidou S, Ashkan K, Theoharides TC (September 2015). “Mast cells in meningiomas and brain inflammation”. Journal of Neuroinflammation 12 (1): 170. doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0388-3. PMC 4573939. PMID 26377554. "MCs originate from a bone marrow progenitor and subsequently develop different phenotype characteristics locally in tissues. Their range of functions is wide and includes participation in allergic reactions, innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity [34]. In the human brain, MCs can be located in various areas, such as the pituitary stalk, the pineal gland, the area postrema, the choroid plexus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and the median eminence [35]. In the meninges, they are found within the dural layer in association with vessels and terminals of meningeal nociceptors [36]. MCs have a distinct feature compared to other hematopoietic cells in that they reside in the brain [37]. MCs contain numerous granules and secrete an abundance of prestored mediators such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP), tryptase, chymase, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and varieties of chemokines and cytokines some of which are known to disrupt the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [38–40].
They key role of MCs in inflammation [34] and in the disruption of the BBB [41–43] suggests areas of importance for novel therapy research. Increasing evidence also indicates that MCs participate in neuroinflammation directly [44–46] and through microglia stimulation [47], contributing to the pathogenesis of such conditions such as headaches, [48] autism [49], and chronic fatigue syndrome [50]. In fact, a recent review indicated that peripheral inflammatory stimuli can cause microglia activation [51], thus possibly involving MCs outside the brain." - ^ Estcourt LJ, Stanworth S, Doree C, Blanco P, Hopewell S, Trivella M, Massey E (June 2015). “Granulocyte transfusions for preventing infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD005341. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005341.pub3. PMC 4538863. PMID 26118415.
- ^ Estcourt LJ, Stanworth SJ, Hopewell S, Doree C, Trivella M, Massey E (April 2016). “Granulocyte transfusions for treating infections in people with neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction”. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4: CD005339. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005339.pub2. PMC 4930145. PMID 27128488.
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