サン＝カスの戦い
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/09/26 13:39 UTC 版)
サン＝カスの戦い（サン＝カスのたたかい、英語: Battle of Saint Cast）は七年戦争中の1758年9月11日に、フランス海岸でイギリスの遠征軍がフランス軍に敗北した戦闘。
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, pp. 45–46 gives 8,000–9,000; English sources generally estimate 10,000 French.
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47, " De trois mille hommes qui restaient encore à terre losque l'action commença, la moitié trouva la mort sur la champ de bataille, huit cents se noyérent, sept cents furent faits prisonniers: pas seul ne rejoignit la flotte." – "Of 3000 men ashore at the start of the action.... most found their death on the field, 800 drowned and 700 were taken prisoner..."
- ^ A soldier’s journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain., London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, p.40, "are more valuable to some than the lives of eight hundred grenadiers."
- ^ Accounts vary of the number of prisoners from 400–800 including four named sea captains, the earliest French count mentioned in the Origins and services of the Coldstream Guards is 639 and Smollett in History of England, Vol III, p. 503 mentions that the French provide a list of the prisoners and mentions the four sea captains, as does Barrow in Life of George, Lord Anson, while other French accounts mention a very specific 732 prisoners which may be drawn from the list.
- ^ Robert Beatson, Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, London, 1804, Appendix pp.170, 176, 191, 193, returns for the year show that 10,000 men is over 20% of Britain's land forces and nearly the size of the Louisbourg expedition mounted that same year. Detailed lists of ships and regiments and commanders are given pp.191–193. Montagu Burrows Life of Edward, Lord Hawke, London, 1883, p. 356 states there were "19,000 troops (including 6,000 marines) that formed the invading force." If the Hawke account is accurate then the size of this land force is equal to that of Louisbourg and represents 25% of Britain's total land forces in 1758.
- ^ Robert Beatson, Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, London, 1804, Vol. III, p.201
- ^ Barrow, Sir John,The Life of George, Lord Anson, London, 1889, p.309.
- ^ An Authentic Account of our last attempt on the Coast of France by an Officer who miraculously escaped being cut to pieces, by Swimming to a Boat at a considerable distance from the shore., London, 1758. Appendix lists casualties to the 38th Foot.
- ^ Duncan, Major Francis.History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, London, 1879, Vol. 1, p.190
- ^ Beatson, Robert. Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, Vol. II p. 165, Gives 14,000 for the 5 brigades at Isle of Wight at the start of the expedition, one brigade was sent to the continent before St. Cast.
- ^ a b Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 46.
- ^ Robert Beatson, Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, London, 1804, Appendix p.194, gives a minutely detailed inventory of the booty taken at Cherbourg which stands in stark contrast with the lack of detail about British losses prevalent throughout British sources.
- ^ Beatson, Robert. Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, Vol. II p. 179.
- ^ Robert Beatson, Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, London, 1804, Vol. II, p.179, Beatson gives slightly different numbers.
- ^ Daniel Mackinnon, Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards, London 1883, Vol.1, p.395.
- ^ Robert Beatson, Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783, London, 1804, Vol. II, p.180.
- ^ A soldier’s journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain., London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, p.39, "very few men were embarked when the French army appeared and...began to cannonade us."
- ^ Daniel Mackinnon, Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards, London 1883, Vol.1, p.400 and p.401 footnote containing a French account published in Paris September 22, 1758, 11 days after the battle gives 1900 left on beach.
- ^ A soldier’s journal containing a particular description of the several descents on the coast of France last war; with an entertaining account of the islands of Guadaloupe Dominique, &c. and also of the isles of Wight and Jersey. To which are annexed, Observations on the present state of the army of Great Britain., London, Printed for E. and C. Dilly, 1770, p.39-40, "...every boat made to the first ship they could reach..."
- ^ Daniel Mackinnon, Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards, London 1883, Vol.1, p.401, "Three boats full of their soldiers were sunk, many more killed in boats on their way to the fleet." and p.400 "...this fire sank several boats."
- ^ Lieutenant-General F.W.Hamilton, Origin and History of the First or Grenadier Guards, London, 1874, Vol. II. p.165, "some got on board, but a battery knocked many of the boats to pieces..." stranding the remaining Guards at the end of the battle.
- ^ J.W. Fortescue,A History of the British Army, MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II. p.344, "So many of the boats were destroyed that the sailors shrank from approaching the shore."
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47. French battalions on average were much smaller than British battalions during the Seven Years' War with the French being around 300–500 and the British around 600–700. Beatson, p. 165, mentions that the 5th, 20th, 24th, 25th, 30th were all "completed to 700 men" in 1757. Beatson, p. 180 yields an average of 503 men for each of the 4 line battalions at Louisburg, including sick and wounded.
- ^ Tobias Smollett, History of England, The Revolution, Death of George the Second. Designed as a Continuation of Mr, Hume's History., Vol.III, London, 1848. p.500, "...they fled in the utmost confusion...". An Authentic Account of our last attempt on the Coast of France by an Officer who miraculously escaped being cut to pieces, by Swimming to a Boat at a considerable distance from the shore., London, 1758. Appendix account: "...the English Guards gave way the Grenadiers soon followed..."
- ^ J.W. Fortescue,A History of the British Army, MacMillan, London, 1899, Vol. II. p.345, According to Fortescue, of the 1400 men that he cites in the rear guard: "...750 officers and men were killed and wounded...the rest of the rear guard were taken prisoner."
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47.
- ^ Anderson, Fred. Crucible of War, New York, 2000, p. 303. ISBN 0-375-40642-5.
- ^ Mackinnon, Daniel. Origin and services of the Coldstream Guards, London 1883, Vol.1, p. 402.
- ^ Revue anglo-française, Tome Quatrième, Poitiers, 1836, p. 47. 原文：si les Bretons s'étaient couverts de gloire, le petit Duc (d'Aiguillon) s'était couvert de farine.
[続きの解説]
「サン＝カスの戦い」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 サン＝カスの戦いとは
- 2 サン＝カスの戦いの概要
- 3 背景
- 4 戦闘
- 5 その後
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