複製起点とは？ わかりやすく解説

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複製起点

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/11/05 20:58 UTC 版)

複製起点または複製開始点、レプリケーター（ふくせいきてん/かいしてん、英: origin of replication, replication origin, replicator）は、ゲノムの複製が開始される、ゲノム上の特定の配列である[1]。遺伝物質が世代間で伝達されるためには、細胞分裂に先立ってDNAが半保存的複製によって適切な時期に正確に複製され、各娘細胞が染色体を全て受け取ることが必要である[2]。この過程は原核生物や真核生物などの生物ではDNAの複製、ウイルスの場合はDNAまたはRNA（二本鎖RNAウイルスなどの場合）の複製を伴う[3]。娘鎖の合成は複製起点と呼ばれる非連続的な特定の地点から始まり、全てのゲノムDNAが複製されるまで双方向的に進行する。こうしたイベントの基本的性質は共通であるものの、生物は多様な複製開始の制御戦略を進化させている[2]。


出典
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