パエニバシラス・ポリミキサパエニバシラス・ポリミキサの概要

パエニバシラス・ポリミキサ
分類
学名
	Paenibacillus polymyxa; (Prazmowski 1880) Ash et al. 1994
タイプ種
	ATCC 842 ; CCUG 1086 ; CFBP 4258 ; CIP 66.22 ; DSM 36 ; HAMBI 635 and 1897 ; JCM 2507 ; LMG 13294 ; NBRC 15309 ; NCCB 24016 ; NCTC 10343 ; NRRL B-4317 ; VKM B-514
シノニム
	Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Macé 1889 ; Clostridium polymyxa Prazmowski 1880 ; Granulobacter polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Beijerinck 1893 ; Aerobacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Donker 1926 ; Pseudomonas azotogensis Voets and Debacker

分布と特徴

土壌、植物根、海中の堆積物に分布する^[1]^[2]^[3]。底生魚codの腸内からも発見されている。

パエニバシラス・ポリミキサはグラム陽性の通性嫌気性桿菌である^[4]。細胞の大きさは0.6-3.0μmである。寒天培地では青白いコロニーを形成する。植物病原性は現在のところ発見されていない。周鞭毛とそれによる遊走運動性を有する。

繁殖は芽胞により行われる。芽胞は母細胞よりも大きく、楕円形である。環境が生育に適したものとなったときに発芽する。発芽条件には熱活性化や栄養分(フルクトースとL-アラニンの混合物など)が含まれる^[5]。芽胞の耐熱性にはある種の有機酸が関与している^[6]。

通性嫌気性であり、酸素濃度が一定以上のとき好気呼吸を、一定以下のとき発酵を行う^[7]。グルコース、スクロース、マルトース、アラビノースといった多様な有機化合物を炭素源とすることができる。アセトイン、乳酸、エタノールなど多様な有機化合物を合成することができる^[8]。生育温度とpHによっては酢酸産生の発酵過程で水素ガスを高効率で生産する^[9]。この発酵では酢酸と水素と二酸化炭素が生成される。

パエニバシラス・ポリミキサは窒素固定能、植物成長促進ホルモンの産生、加水分解酵素の産生、植物や人間の病原菌に対する抗生物質の産生など多様な能力を持つ^[10]。植物のリン酸の吸収や土壌の空隙率を向上させるなど、農業上役に立つ^[11]。生態系に大きな役割を持ち、化学工業においても有用である^[10]。

生育条件

パエニバシラス・ポリミキサは中温性で、最適生育温度が30℃、最適生育pHが4-7である^[7]。TSAg培地で室内条件で生育させることが可能である。

脚注

^ Lal, Sadhana (21 April 2009). “Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview”. Indian Journal of Microbiology 49 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0008-y. PMC 3450047.
^ ^a ^b Timmusk, S., N. Grantcharova, E. Gerhart, and H. Wagner (2005). “Paenibacillus polymyxa Invades Plant Roots and Forms Biofilms”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (11): 7292-7300. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7292-7300.2005.
^ ^a ^b Ravi, A.V., K.S. Musthafa, G. Jegathammbal, K. Kathiresan, and S.K. Pandian (2007). “Screening and evaluation of probiotics as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic Vibrios in marine aquaculture”. Letters in Applied Microbiology 45 (2): 219-223. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02180.x. PMID 17651222.
^ ^a ^b Zengguo, H., D. Kisla, L. Zhang, C. Yuan, K.B. Green-Church, and A.E. Yousef. (2007.). “Isolation and Identification of a Paenibacillus polymyxa Strain That Coproduces a Novel Lantibiotic and Polymyxin.”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (1): 168-178. doi:10.1128/AEM.02023-06. PMC 1797129.
^ Huo, Z., X. Yang, W. Raza, Q. Huang, Y. Xu, and Q. Shen. (2010.). “Investigation of factors influencing spore germination of Paenibacillus polymyxa ACCC10252 and SQR-21.”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 87 (2): 527-536. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2520-8.
^ Casadei, M.A., R. Ingram, R.J. Skinner, and J.E. Gaze. (2000.). “Heat resistance of Paenibacillus polymyxa in relation to pH and acidulants.”. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 89 (5): 801-806.. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2000.01181.x.
^ ^a ^b Vasan, S.S., J.M. Modak, and K.A. Natarajan. (2001.). “Some recent advances in the bioprocessing of bauxite.”. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 62 (1): 173-186.. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(00)00051-X.
^ de Mas, C., N.B. Jansen, and G.T. Tsao. (1988.). “Production of optically active 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus polymyxa.”. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 31 (4): 366-377. doi:10.1002/bit.260310413.
^ Watanapokasin, R.Y., A. Boonyakamol, S. Sukseree, A. Krajarng, T. Sophonnithiprasert, S. Kanso, and T. Imai. (2008.). “Hydrogen production and anaerobic decolorization of wastewater containing Reactive Blue 4 by a bacterial consortium of Salmonella subterranea and Paenibacillus polymyxa”. Biodegradation 20 (3): 411-418. doi:10.1007/s10532-008-9232-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lal, S. and S. Tabacchioni. (2009.). “Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview.”. Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1): 2-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c Timmusk, S., B. Nicander, U. Granhall, and E. Tillberg. (1999.). “Cytokinin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31 (13): 1847-1852.
^ ^a ^b Yegorenkova, Irina V. (12 January 2013). “Paenibacillus polymyxa Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation”. Current Microbiology 66 (5): 481–486. doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y. PMID 23314809.
^ Heulin, T., O. Berge, P. Mavingui, L. Gouzou, K.P. Hebbar, and J. Balandreau. (1994.). “Bacillus polymyxa and Rahnella aquatilis, the dominant N2-fixing bacteria associated with wheat rhizosphere in French soils.”. European Journal of Soil Biology. 30 (1): 35-42.
^ Li, B., R. Yu, Q. Tang, T. Su, X. Chen, B. Zhu, Y. Wang, G. Xie, and G. Sun. (2011.). “Biofilm formation ability of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Paenibacillus macerans and their inhibitory effect against tomato bacterial wilt.”. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 5 (25): 4260-4266..
^ ^a ^b Chavez, P., C. Yarleque, H. Loayza, V. Mares, P. Hancco, S. Priou, M.D. Marquez, A. Posadas, P. Zorogasta, J. Flexas, and R. Quiroz. (2012.). “Detection of bacterial wilt infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) through multifractal analysis applied to remotely sensed data.”. Precision Agriculture. 13 (2): 236-255.. doi:10.1007/s11119-011-9242-5.
^ Shaheen, M (Dec 23, 2011). “Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics.”. Chemistry & Biology 18 (12): 1640–8. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017. PMID 22195566.
^ ^a ^b Choi, S.K., S.Y. Park, R. Kim, C.H. Lee, J.F. Kim, and S.H. Park. (2008.). “Identification and functional analysis of the fusaricidin biosynthetic gene of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681.”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication. 365 (1): 89-95. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.147. PMID 17980146.
^ Quinn, GA (2012). “Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms.”. Biofouling 28 (10): 1151–66. doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.738292. PMID 23113815.
^ ONO, JUNKO (1977). “Preparation of single cells from pancreatic islets of adult rat by the use of dispase.”. Endocrinologia Japonica 24 (3): 265–270. doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.24.265.
^ Stenn, Kurt S (August 1989). “Dispase, a Neutral Protease From Bacillus Polymyxa, Is a Powerful Fibronectinase and Type IV Collagenase”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 93 (2): 287–290. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277593.
^ Vijayalakshmi, S.P. and A.M. Raichur. (2002.). “Bioflocculation of high-ash Indian coals using Paenibacillus polymyxa.”. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 67 (1): 199-210.
^ Mokaddem, H., Z. Sadaoui, N. Boukhelata, N. Azouaou, and Y. Kaci. (2009.). “Removal of Cadmium from aqueous solution by polysaccharide produced from Paenibacillus polymyxa.”. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 172 (2): 1150-1155. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.116.

[前の解説]

[続きの解説]

「パエニバシラス・ポリミキサ」の続きの解説一覧

1 パエニバシラス・ポリミキサとは
2 パエニバシラス・ポリミキサの概要
3 利用
4 脚注

[Lal2009-1] Lal, Sadhana (21 April 2009). “Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview”. Indian Journal of Microbiology 49 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0008-y. PMC 3450047.

[TimmuskGrantcharova2005-2] Timmusk, S., N. Grantcharova, E. Gerhart, and H. Wagner (2005). “Paenibacillus polymyxa Invades Plant Roots and Forms Biofilms”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (11): 7292-7300. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7292-7300.2005.

[RaviMusthafa2007-3] Ravi, A.V., K.S. Musthafa, G. Jegathammbal, K. Kathiresan, and S.K. Pandian (2007). “Screening and evaluation of probiotics as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic Vibrios in marine aquaculture”. Letters in Applied Microbiology 45 (2): 219-223. doi:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02180.x. PMID 17651222.

[ZengguoKisla2007-4] Zengguo, H., D. Kisla, L. Zhang, C. Yuan, K.B. Green-Church, and A.E. Yousef. (2007.). “Isolation and Identification of a Paenibacillus polymyxa Strain That Coproduces a Novel Lantibiotic and Polymyxin.”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 73 (1): 168-178. doi:10.1128/AEM.02023-06. PMC 1797129.

[HuoYang2010-5] Huo, Z., X. Yang, W. Raza, Q. Huang, Y. Xu, and Q. Shen. (2010.). “Investigation of factors influencing spore germination of Paenibacillus polymyxa ACCC10252 and SQR-21.”. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 87 (2): 527-536. doi:10.1007/s00253-010-2520-8.

[CasadeiIngram2000-6] Casadei, M.A., R. Ingram, R.J. Skinner, and J.E. Gaze. (2000.). “Heat resistance of Paenibacillus polymyxa in relation to pH and acidulants.”. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 89 (5): 801-806.. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2000.01181.x.

[VasanModak2001-7] Vasan, S.S., J.M. Modak, and K.A. Natarajan. (2001.). “Some recent advances in the bioprocessing of bauxite.”. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 62 (1): 173-186.. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(00)00051-X.

[MasJansen1988-8] Mas, C., N.B. Jansen, and G.T. Tsao. (1988.). “Production of optically active 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus polymyxa.”. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 31 (4): 366-377. doi:10.1002/bit.260310413.

[WatanapokasinBoonyakamol2008-9] Watanapokasin, R.Y., A. Boonyakamol, S. Sukseree, A. Krajarng, T. Sophonnithiprasert, S. Kanso, and T. Imai. (2008.). “Hydrogen production and anaerobic decolorization of wastewater containing Reactive Blue 4 by a bacterial consortium of Salmonella subterranea and Paenibacillus polymyxa”. Biodegradation 20 (3): 411-418. doi:10.1007/s10532-008-9232-0.

[LalTabacchioni2009-10] Lal, S. and S. Tabacchioni. (2009.). “Ecology and biotechnological potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa: a minireview.”. Indian Journal of Microbiology. 49 (1): 2-10.

[TimmuskNicander1999-11] Timmusk, S., B. Nicander, U. Granhall, and E. Tillberg. (1999.). “Cytokinin production by Paenibacillus polymyxa”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31 (13): 1847-1852.

[Yegorenkova2013-12] Yegorenkova, Irina V. (12 January 2013). “Paenibacillus polymyxa Rhizobacteria and Their Synthesized Exoglycans in Interaction with Wheat Roots: Colonization and Root Hair Deformation”. Current Microbiology 66 (5): 481–486. doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0297-y. PMID 23314809.

[HeulinBerge1994-13] Heulin, T., O. Berge, P. Mavingui, L. Gouzou, K.P. Hebbar, and J. Balandreau. (1994.). “Bacillus polymyxa and Rahnella aquatilis, the dominant N2-fixing bacteria associated with wheat rhizosphere in French soils.”. European Journal of Soil Biology. 30 (1): 35-42.

[LiYu2011-14] Li, B., R. Yu, Q. Tang, T. Su, X. Chen, B. Zhu, Y. Wang, G. Xie, and G. Sun. (2011.). “Biofilm formation ability of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Paenibacillus macerans and their inhibitory effect against tomato bacterial wilt.”. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 5 (25): 4260-4266..

[ChavezYarleque2012-15] Chavez, P., C. Yarleque, H. Loayza, V. Mares, P. Hancco, S. Priou, M.D. Marquez, A. Posadas, P. Zorogasta, J. Flexas, and R. Quiroz. (2012.). “Detection of bacterial wilt infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) through multifractal analysis applied to remotely sensed data.”. Precision Agriculture. 13 (2): 236-255.. doi:10.1007/s11119-011-9242-5.

[Shaheen2011-16] Shaheen, M (Dec 23, 2011). “Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 produces variants of polymyxin B-type antibiotics.”. Chemistry & Biology 18 (12): 1640–8. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.017. PMID 22195566.

[ChoiPark2008-17] Choi, S.K., S.Y. Park, R. Kim, C.H. Lee, J.F. Kim, and S.H. Park. (2008.). “Identification and functional analysis of the fusaricidin biosynthetic gene of Paenibacillus polymyxa E681.”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication. 365 (1): 89-95. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.147. PMID 17980146.

[18] Quinn, GA (2012). “Lipopeptide biosurfactants from Paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms.”. Biofouling 28 (10): 1151–66. doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.738292. PMID 23113815.

[19] ONO, JUNKO (1977). “Preparation of single cells from pancreatic islets of adult rat by the use of dispase.”. Endocrinologia Japonica 24 (3): 265–270. doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.24.265.

[20] Stenn, Kurt S (August 1989). “Dispase, a Neutral Protease From Bacillus Polymyxa, Is a Powerful Fibronectinase and Type IV Collagenase”. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 93 (2): 287–290. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277593.

[VijayalakshmiRaichur2002-21] Vijayalakshmi, S.P. and A.M. Raichur. (2002.). “Bioflocculation of high-ash Indian coals using Paenibacillus polymyxa.”. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 67 (1): 199-210.

[MokaddemSadaoui2009-22] Mokaddem, H., Z. Sadaoui, N. Boukhelata, N. Azouaou, and Y. Kaci. (2009.). “Removal of Cadmium from aqueous solution by polysaccharide produced from Paenibacillus polymyxa.”. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 172 (2): 1150-1155. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.116.

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パエニバシラス・ポリミキサ パエニバシラス・ポリミキサの概要