イランの核開発計画

ウィキペディア

索引トップ用語の索引ランキングカテゴリー

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/08/18 15:54 UTC 版)

概要

イランの核開発計画は1950年代、米国の援助による「平和のための原子力」計画の一環として始まった^[5]^[6]。米国や西側諸国のイランの核開発計画への関与は、イラン革命でモハンマド・レザー・パフラヴィーが失脚するまで続いた^[7]。

1979年の革命後、秘密の研究計画は、核兵器をイスラム法学の立場から悪と見なし深刻な宗教的疑念を抱いたアーヤトッラー・ホメイニーにより解散された^[8]。イラン・イラク戦争の際に小規模な研究が再開され、1989年のホメイニーの死後、大幅に拡大された^[9]。イランの核開発計画は複数の研究所、2つのウラン鉱山、実験用原子炉、さらに3つの有名なウラン濃縮工場などのウラン処理施設を含む^[10]。核開発にはIAEAやロシア、中国、アルゼンチンなどが支援を行ったが、事あるごとに米国が圧力をかけ、いくつかは中止された^[11]^[12]。

2003年にイラン政府がナタンズの核施設を認め、IAEAの視察を受け入れた。ここから国際的な問題となっていった。

イランの最初の原子力発電所であるブーシェフル第1原子炉は、主にロシアの国営原子力企業ロスアトムによる援助で完成し、2011年9月12日に公式に稼働を開始した^[13]。イランはダールホヴィーンに新たな360メガワット級原子力発電所を建設中と発表した。また、ロシア国営原子力企業アトムエネルゴプロムは、ブーシェフル原発は、2012年末にはフル稼働能力に達すると表明した^[14]。イランは将来的に更なる中規模原発建設とウラン鉱山の開発を目指すとも表明している^[15]。

2011年11月、国際原子力機関（IAEA）理事会は、イランが過去に核兵器能力開発に向けた研究・実験に取り組んだことを示唆するIAEA 報告書を受け、イランを非難した^[16]。IAEA報告書は初めて、イランの起爆装置開発、爆発物の複数ポイントでの起爆、ミサイル発射車両への核弾頭設置実験の概要を綿密に伝えた^[17]^[18]。イランは報告書の詳細を否定、IAEAが西側諸国に偏っていると非難し、IAEAへの協力を縮小すると警告した^[19]^[20]。

脚注

^ 「イラン、原爆製造は技術的に可能意図はない＝原子力庁長官」『Reuters』、2022年8月1日。2023年8月18日閲覧。
^ 米・イスラエル、「イラン核保有認めず」共同宣言に署名ロイター通信（2022年7月14日）2023年6月21日閲覧
^ “核開発のイラン人科学者、銃撃され死亡イスラエルの関与指摘、報復明言”. TOKYO Web. 2023年8月18日閲覧。
^ イラン核兵器「西側は止められず」『日本経済新聞』夕刊2023年6月12日3面（2023年6月21日閲覧）
^ Haidar, J.I., 2015."Sanctions and Exports Deflection: Evidence from Iran," Paris School of Economics, University of Paris 1 Pantheon Sorbonne, Mimeo
^ Roe, Sam (28 January 2007). "An atomic threat made in America". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 1 July 2009.
^ "Iran Affairs: Blasts from the Past: Western Support for Iran's Nuclear program". 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
^ Yossi Melman, Meir Javedanfar, The Nuclear Sphinx of Tehran, Basic Books, 2008 pp.89–90.
^ Tanya Ogilvie-White,'The Defiant States,' p.254.
^ Kerr, Paul (26 September 2012). "Iran's Nuclear Program: Status". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
^ “U.S. in 1983 stopped IAEA from helping Iran make UF6”. mcgraw-hill.com. 2009年2月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2023年8月19日閲覧。
^ “U.S. Halted Nuclear Bid By Iran; China, Argentina Agreed to Cancel Technology Transfers”. HighBeam RESEARCH. 2012年11月5日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2023年8月19日閲覧。
^ "Iran launches Bushehr nuclear power plant". RIA Novosti. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
^ "Bushehr NPP to be brought to full capacity by year-end". The Voice of Russia. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
^ "Iran sees Bushehr plant at full capacity in one year". AFP. 18 December 2007. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
^ ^a ^b "U.N. nuclear watchdog board rebukes defiant Iran". Reuters. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ "IAEA Report for military dimensions, see pages 4–12". 8 November 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
^ Olli Heinonen, "The 20% Solution", Foreign Policy, 11 January 2012
^ "Iran parliament to review ties with U.N. nuclear body". Washington Post. 20 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ Kerr, Paul (18 September 2012). "Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance With International Obligations". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
^ "IAEA GOV/2003/40: Implementation of the NPT safeguards agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ http://www.un.int/iran/facts_about_peaceful_nuclear_program.pdf
^ "Council on Foreign Relations: Iran's Nuclear Program". Cfr.org. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ Cyrus Safdari (November 2005). "Iran needs nuclear energy, not weapons". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 5 2 January 0011.
^ ODS Team. "Resolution 1696 (2006)". Daccessdds.un.org. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "Ahmadinejad: Iran's nuclear issue is 'closed'". MSNBC. 25 September 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "Iran: Where We Are Today – A Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, May 4, 2009". Fas.org. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "Iran's Nuclear Program – Council on Foreign Relations". Cfr.org. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ "Contract between the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iran and the United States of America for the transfer of Enriched Uranium and Plutonium for a Research Reactor in Iran". IAEA (United Nations). 7 June 1967. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
^ "Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Acceptance". U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 24 September 2006.
^ Iran's Nuclear Program: Recent Developments: "The Shah's plan to build 23 nuclear power reactors by the 1990s was regarded as grandiose, but not necessarily viewed as a "back door" to a nuclear weapons program, possibly because Iran did not then seek the technologies to enrich or reprocess its own fuel"
^ Dafna Linzer (27 March 2005). "Past Arguments Don't Square With Current Iran Policy". Washington Post.
^ Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges (2009). Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, National Academies Press.
^ Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges. Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, National Academies Press. 2009). "Iran argues that this experience indicates that joint ownership of foreign facilities does not solve the problem of assuring fuel supply ... The recent experience in which Russian fuel supply to Bushehr was delayed for an extended period as disputes over Iran's nuclear program continued also contributed to Iran's perception that foreign fuel supply is unreliable."
^ 'Agence Global: Making a U.S.-Iranian Nuclear Deal". Agenceglobal.com. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ Mark Hibbs, "US in 1983 stopped IAEA from helping Iran make UF6", Nuclear Fuel, 4 August 2003
^ "International Atomic Energy Agency: Correspondence between the President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran and the Director General (September 1984)" (PDF). Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ "International Atomic Energy Agency: TelEx Messages to the Director General (27 November 1987) from the President of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran" (PDF). Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ Stanislav Lunev. Through the Eyes of the Enemy: The Autobiography of Stanislav Lunev, Regnery Publishing, Inc., 1998. ISBN 0-89526-390-4, pp. 19–22.
^ "A Review of: "John W. Parker. Persian Dreams: Moscow and Tehran Since the Fall of the Shah."". Terrorism and Political Violence. Volume 23 Issue 1 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
^ "Iran's Nuclear Program. Part I: Its History". 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
^ Mark Hibbs, "Iran Told IAEA It Will Build Chinese UF6 Plant at Isfahan," Nuclear Fuel, 16 December 1996
^ "ArmsControlWonk: Exiles and Iran Intel". Armscontrolwonk.com. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
^ "News Center: In Focus: IAEA and Iran". 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
^ (PDF) Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran. IAEA. 10 November 2003. GOV/2003/75. Retrieved 25 October 2007
^ Safa Haeri, "Iran confirms stopping Additional Protocol of the NPT", "Iran Press Service", 9 October 2005
^ "GOV/2004/83 – Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in Iran" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2008.
^ Gordon Prather (27 December 2005). "ElBaradei Isn't Perfect". Antiwar.com.
^ "Iran reported to Security Council". BBC News. 4 February 2006. Retrieved 4 February 2006.
^ "Resolution GOV/2006/14 of the Board of Governors: Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF) (Press release). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2 April 2006.
^ GOV/2006/15 Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 27 February 2006
^ "Iran President: We Won't Retreat 'One Iota'". Fox News. 14 April 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ Brannan, Paul (2006). "ISIS Imagery Brief: New Activities at the Esfahan and Natanz Nuclear Sites in Iran" (PDF). Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS). Retrieved 1 May 2006.
^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 1696 S-RES-1696(2006) page 2 in 2006 (retrieved 14 September 2007)
^ United Nations Security Council Resolution 1737 S-RES-1737(2006) on 23 December 2006 (retrieved 14 September 2007)
^ United Nations Security Council Document 815 S-2006-815 on 13 October 2006 (retrieved 14 September 2007)
^ "UN passes Iran nuclear sanctions". BBC News. 13 December 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2006.
^ "GOV/2007/8 – Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant Provisions of Security Council Resolution 1737 (2006) in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1737(2006)". United Nations. Retrieved 14 September 2007.
^ "Security Council Tightens Restrictions on Iran's Proliferation-Sensitive Nuclear Activities, Increases Vigilance Over Iranian Banks, Has States Inspect Cargo". United Nations. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ Australia Imposes New Broad-Ranging Sanctions Against Iran, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia, 29 July 2010.
^ Canada Passes Sanctions under the Special Economic Measures Act, 26 July 2010.
^ Japan approves new Iran sanctions, Al Jazeera, 3 September 2010.
^ Norway joins EU sanctions against Iran, The Norway Post, 29 July 2010
^ http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2010/0908/South-Korea-sanctions-Iran-under-US-pressure, The Christian Science Monitor, 8 September 2010.
^ "Russia pulls plug on Iran arms deal". Upi.com. 22 September 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ ALI VAEZ (2013-4-2). “Iran’s Nuclear Odyssey: Costs and Risks”. CARNEGIE.
^ “イランと米欧など6カ国、核協議で最終合意”. 『朝日新聞』. (2015年7月14日) 2016年1月23日閲覧。
^ “IAEA、イランの核設備縮小を確認米欧は制裁解除へ”. 『日本経済新聞』. (2016年1月17日) 2016年1月23日閲覧。
^ “イラン制裁解除へ、米欧など6カ国核合意履行受け”. 『日本経済新聞』. (2016年1月18日) 2016年1月23日閲覧。
^ “トランプ大統領、イラン核合意からの離脱を発表欧州説得実らず”. BBCニュース (2018年5月9日). 2023年8月18日閲覧。
^ “Iran announces the 3rd phase of its nuclear-deal withdrawal amid new U.S. sanctions”. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 2023年8月18日閲覧。
^ “核施設火災は「破壊工作」イラン、報復の可能性も爆発発生と報道官”. 日本経済新聞 (2020年8月24日). 2020年11月27日閲覧。
^ “イランで核科学者暗殺イスラエル関与か、報復示唆”. 時事通信 (2020年11月28日). 2020年11月27日閲覧。
^ "ISIS Analysis of IAEA Iran Safeguards Report: Part 1". Institute for Science and International Security. 8 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ Julian Borger, diplomatic editor. "European states call for stiffer sanctions against Iran following IAEA report". Guardian. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ "IAEA resolution to sharply criticize Iran for nuclear efforts". Washington Post. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ Greg Thielmann; Benjamin Loehrke (23 November 2011). "Chain reaction: How the media has misread the IAEA's report on Iran". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
^ "New claims emerge involving scientist in Iran nuke report". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ Dahl, Fredrik. "Powers pressure Iran, IAEA chief "alerts world"". Reuters.com. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ "IAEA Board Adopts Resolution on Iran". IAEA. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ Bull, Alister (18 November 2011). "U.S. to keep pressure on Iran after nuclear report". Reuters. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ "Iran parliament to review ties with U.N. nuclear body". Reuters. 20 November 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
^ "ISIS Analysis of IAEA Iran Safeguards Report:". Institute for Science and International Security. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
^ Besant, Alexander (16 November 2012). "Iran expected to sharply increase uranium capacity, IAEA report". globalpost. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
^ “抜き打ち査察停止を通告イラン、核合意で揺さぶり”. 時事通信 (2021年2月17日). 2021年2月21日閲覧。
^ “IAEA、イランの施設でウラン粒子を検知＝外交筋”. ロイター (2021年2月19日). 2021年2月21日閲覧。
^ Karl Vick (23 January 2006). "In Iran, Power Written in Stone". Washington Post.
^ "Iranians Oppose Producing Nuclear Weapons, Saying It Is Contrary to Islam". World Public Opinion. 28 February 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "BBC Poll: 94% of Iranians: We have right to develop nuclear plan". Ynetnews.com. 20 June 1995. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ "Iranian Public Opinion on Governance, Nuclear Weapons and Relations with the United States, August 27, 2008". Worldpublicopinion.org. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
^ 2008 Annual Arab Public Opinion Poll – see "Key Findings"
^ "Iran, Lebanon, Israelis and Palestinians: New IPI Opinion Polls, 5 January 2011". Ipacademy.org. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
^ "Iran TV halts 2 polls on nuke activities, Hormuz closure after voting came against Ahmadinejad". Al Arabiya. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ "Iran Nuclear Program Should Be Abandoned, State TV Viewers Say". Huffington Post. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ "Iranians want end to sanctions, short-lived poll finds". The Los Angeles Times. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ Rick Gladstone; Thomas Erdbrink (4 July 2012). The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/05/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-talks-to-continue-as-tone-heats-up.html. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ “Iran state TV poll reveals Iranians want nuclear programme stopped”. The Telegraph. (2012年7月9日)
^ Linzer, Dafna (10 April 2007). "Iran Asserts Expansion of Nuclear Operation – washingtonpost.com". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 February 2008.
^ "Statement of Fereydoun Abbasi at the IAEA 56th General Conference". IAEA. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
^ "Iran Nuclear Chief Accuses IAEA". Associated Press. Wall Street Journal. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
^ Leon, Eli (19 September 2012). "IAEA renews pressure on Iran after 'terrorists' charge". Israel Hayom. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
^ Joby Warrick (7 October 2012). "With "sabotage" charge, Iran takes hostile tone with U.N. watchdog". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^ "IAEA Statement on Meeting with Dr. Fereydoun Abbasi". IAEA. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
^ "IAEA ignores Iranian claim it has been infiltrated by terrorists, presses Islamic Republic on alleged bomb research". Reuters. The National Post. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
^ Rick Gladstone and Christine Hauser (20 September 2012). "Iran’s Top Atomic Official Says Nation Issued False Nuclear Data to Fool Spies". New York Times. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
^ Winer, Stuart (20 September 2012). "Iran admits it deceived the West over nuclear program". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
^ ^a ^b "Exclusive: Iran says nuclear fuel production goes "very well"". Reuters (Tehran). 11 February 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
^ ^a ^b Philp, Catherine (11 February 2010). "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declares Iran a 'nuclear state' after producing enriched uranium". London: The Times. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
^ International Atomic Energy Agency: Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. 18 February 2010.
^ Slackman, Michael (12 February 2010). "Iran Boasts of Capacity to Make Bomb Fuel". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
^ Ahmadinejad: Destroy Israel, End Crisis, Washington Post
^ "UPDATE 6-In New York, defiant Ahmadinejad says Israel will be 'eliminated'". Reuters. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
^ Hughes, Dana; Bingham, Amy (26 September 2012). "Iran's Ahmadinejad Says America Entrusted Itself to the Devil". ABC News. Retrieved 26 September 2012. ^ Iranian president: Israel nothing more than a mosquito
^ Hughes, Dana; Bingham, Amy (26 September 2012). "Iran's Ahmadinejad Says America Entrusted Itself to the Devil". ABC News. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
^ http://www.adl.org/main_International_Affairs/ahmadinejad_words.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_6

「イランの核開発計画」の続きの解説一覧

>> 「イランの核開発計画」を含む用語の索引
イランの核開発計画のページへのリンク

イランの核開発計画概要