ボストンティーパーティー事件とは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

ボストン茶会事件

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/11 13:37 UTC 版)

ボストン茶会事件（ボストンちゃかいじけん、英: The Boston Tea Party）は、1773年12月16日にイギリス領マサチューセッツ湾直轄植民地（現アメリカ合衆国マサチューセッツ州）のボストンにおいて、植民地人の急進派がイギリス本国議会（グレートブリテン議会（英語版））に対する抗議として停泊中の船舶から積荷の茶箱を海に大量投棄した事件。アメリカ史において、後のアメリカ独立戦争への転機になった出来事と評される。

脚注

注釈

^ ダートマス号はロンドンに鯨油を運搬した後の帰路として茶葉の運搬を請け負っていた。

出典

^ Benjamin L. Carp, Defiance of the Patriots: The Boston Tea Party and the Making of America (2010) ch. 1
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 3–4.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 90.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 90; Labaree, Tea Party, 7.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 8–9.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 6–8; Knollenberg, Growth, 91; Thomas, Townshend Duties, 18.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 6.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 6–7.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 59.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 13; Thomas, Townshend Duties, 26–27. This kind of refund or rebate is known as a "drawback".
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 21.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 27–30.
^ Labaree, "Tea Party", 32–34.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 71; Labaree, Tea Party, 46.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 46–49.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 50–51.
^ “Indemnity Act of 1767 - June 29, 1767”. Indemnity Act of 1767. Revolutionary War and Beyond. 2020年1月18日閲覧。
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 52.
^ Young, Shoemaker, 183–85.
^ The 1772 tax act was 12 Geo. III c. 60 sec. 1; Knollenberg, Growth, 351n12.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 248–49; Labaree, Tea Party, 334.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 58, 60–62.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 90–91.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 252–54.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 91.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 250; Labaree, Tea Party, 69.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 70, 75.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 93.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 67, 70.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 75–76.
^ James M. Volo (2012). The Boston Tea Party: The Foundations of Revolution. ABC-CLIO. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-313-39875-9
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 71; Thomas, Townshend Duties, 252.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 252.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 72–73.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 51.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 255; Labaree, Tea Party, 76–77.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 76–77.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 78–79.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 77, 335.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 89–90.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 96.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 246.
^ Gross, David M. (2014). 99 Tactics of Successful Tax Resistance Campaigns. Picket Line Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1490572741
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 106.
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 245.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 102; see also John W. Tyler, Smugglers & Patriots: Boston Merchants and the Advent of the American Revolution (Boston, 1986).
^ Thomas, Townshend Duties, 256.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 95–96.
^ Knollenberg, Growth, 101.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 100. See also Alyn Brodsky, Benjamin Rush (Macmillan, 2004), 109.
^ Letters of Benjamin Rush: Volume I: 1761-1792, To His Fellow Countrymen, On Patriotism, October 20, 1773
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 97.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 96; Knollenberg, Growth, 101–02.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 96–100.
^ Labaree, Tea Party, 104–05.
^ This was not an official town meeting, but a gathering of "the body of the people" of greater Boston; Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, 123.
^ Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, 124.
^ Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, 123.
^ ^a ^b Raphael, Ray (2001), A people's history of the American Revolution: How common people shaped the fight for independence, The New Press, p. 18, ISBN 1-56584-653-2, "On December 16, the day before customs officials were entitled to seize the cargo and land it themselves, an estimated 5,000 people traveled through a cold, steady rain to gather at the Old South Meeting House. (The entire population of Boston at the time was only about 16,000, children included.)"
^ Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, 125.
^ Raphael, Founding Myths, 53.
^ Maier, Old Revolutionaries, 27–28n32; Raphael, Founding Myths, 53. For firsthand accounts that contradict the story that Adams gave the signal for the tea party, see L. F. S. Upton, ed., "Proceeding of Ye Body Respecting the Tea," William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, 22 (1965), 297–98; Francis S. Drake, Tea Leaves: Being a Collection of Letters and Documents, (Boston, 1884), LXX; Boston Evening-Post, December 20, 1773; Boston Gazette, December 20, 1773; Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter, December 23, 1773.
^ “Boston Tea Party Historical Society”. 2022年6月17日閲覧。
^ “Boston Tea Party Historical Society”. 2022年6月17日閲覧。
^ Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, 125–26; Labaree, Tea Party, 141–44.
^ “Boston Tea Party Damage”. Boston Tea Party Ships. 2020年5月29日閲覧。
^ “What is the significance of the ships' names over the door of the Pacific Club at the foot of Main Street?”. Nantucket Historical Association. 2020年5月29日閲覧。
^ Marissa Moss (2016). America's tea parties : not one but four! : Boston, Charleston, New York, Philadelphia. Abrams Books for Young Readers. p. 20. ISBN 978-1613129159
^ Diary of John Adams, March 8, 1774; Boston Gazette, March 14, 1774
^ Tea thrown into Boston Harbor Dec. 16 1773. (1773)
^ Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, p. 126.
^ Alexander, Revolutionary Politician, 129.
^ Cobbett, Parliamentary History of England, XVII, pg. 1280-1281
^ Richardson, Bruce. “Benjamin Franklin's Views on The Boston Tea Party”. 2020年7月11日閲覧。
^ Ketchum, Divided Loyalties, 262.
^ Ammerman, In the Common Cause, 15.
^ “Boston Tea Party - United States History”. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2020年7月11日閲覧。
^ Diary of John Adams, Volume 2 http://www.masshist.org/publications/apde/portia.php?id=DJA02d100
^ Adams, John (1774年7月6日). “John Adams to Abigail Adams”. The Adams Papers: Digital Editions: Adams Family Correspondence, Volume 1. Massachusetts Historical Society. 2014年3月4日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2014年2月25日閲覧。 “I believe I forgot to tell you one Anecdote: When I first came to this House it was late in the Afternoon, and I had ridden 35 miles at least. “Madam” said I to Mrs. Huston, “is it lawfull for a weary Traveller to refresh himself with a Dish of Tea provided it has been honestly smuggled, or paid no Duties?” “No sir, said she, we have renounced all Tea in this Place. I cant make Tea, but I'le make you Coffee.” Accordingly I have drank Coffee every Afternoon since, and have borne it very well. Tea must be universally renounced. I must be weaned, and the sooner, the better.”
^ Young, Shoemaker, xv.
^ Young, Shoemaker.
^ Erik H. Erikson, Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence (New York: Norton, 1969), 204.
^ Erikson, Gandhi's Truth, 448.
^ Young, Shoemaker, 197.
^ Young, Shoemaker, 198.
^ “Ron Paul's "tea party" breaks fund-raising record”. 2010年3月28日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2009年9月14日閲覧。
^ “Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum”. 2013年6月20日閲覧。
^ Colin Larkin, ed (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 1070. ISBN 1-85227-745-9