クロアチア王国 (1102年-1526年)とは - わかりやすく解説 Weblio辞書

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クロアチア王国 (1102年-1526年)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/03/22 00:12 UTC 版)

クロアチア王国（クロアチアおうこく、ラテン語: Regnum Croatiae; クロアチア語: Kraljevina Hrvatska, Hrvatsko kraljevstvo, Hrvatska zemlja）は、トルピミロヴィチ家（英語版）とスヴェトスラヴィチ家の王による統治時代と、国王デメトリアス・ズヴォニミル（英語版）の死による継承危機の後の1102年に成立した、ハンガリー王国との同君連合（ハンガリー・クロアチア連合王国）である^[1]^[2]。1102年にハンガリー国王カールマーンがビオグラードで「クロアチア・ダルマチア王」として戴冠されると、その領域はアールパード朝に引き継がれた。1301年にアールパード朝の男系子孫が断絶した後はハンガリー・アンジュー朝の王が王国を支配した。その後、1242年にザグレブを略奪したモンゴルとの戦闘、ダルマチア沿岸都市の支配権をめぐるヴェネツィアとの争い、クロアチア貴族の内戦などがあった。この間、当時クロアチアで最も強力な王朝であったシュビッチ家（英語版）を代表するパヴァオ1世シュビッチ・ブリビルスキ（英語版）など、さまざまな人物が登場した。これらの有力者は、事実上自分の領地に大きな独立性を確保することができた。16世紀のオスマン帝国によるヨーロッパ侵攻でクロアチアの領土は大幅に減少し、国は弱体化し分裂した。ラヨシュ2世が1526年のモハーチの戦いで戦死した後、しばらく王朝間の争いが続き、やがて両王位はオーストリアのハプスブルク家に移り、両領地はハプスブルク帝国の一部となった。

脚注

注釈

^ 後にダルマチアで使用された。

出典

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^ Ančić, Mladen (1997) (クロアチア語). Putanja klatna: Ugarsko-hrvatsko kraljevstvo i Bosna u 14. stoljeću. Acad. Scientiarum et Artium Croatica. ISBN 9789531543088 2019年3月10日閲覧。
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^ Listeš, Srećko. “Povijest Klisa” (クロアチア語). Official website - klis.hr. Municipality of Klis. 2015年2月22日閲覧。
^ Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers, p. 370
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