ルーマニアのユダヤ人の歴史
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/01/17 05:00 UTC 版)
ルーマニアにおけるユダヤ人の歴史 （ルーマニアにおけるユダヤじんのれきし、ヘブライ語: ההסטוריה של היהודים ברומניה イディッシュ語: יידישע געשיכטע פון רומעניע, ルーマニア語: Istoria evreilor în România）では、現在のルーマニア領内で最初に言及された時からのユダヤ人の歴史を記す。
- ^ a b c Rezachevici, September 1995, p.60
- ^ Djuvara, p.179; Giurescu, p.271
- ^ Rezachevici, September 1995, p.59
- ^ Rezachevici, September 1995, p.60-61
- ^ a b Rezachevici, September 1995, p.61
- ^ Rezachevici, September 1995, p.61-62
- ^ Rezachevici, October 1995, p.61-62; 64-65
- ^ Oişteanu (1998), p.239
- ^ Rezachevici, October 1995, p.62
- ^ Rezachevici, October 1995, p.62-63
- ^ Rezachevici, October 1995, p.63
- ^ Del Chiaro; Oişteanu (1998), p.239-240
- ^ Oişteanu (1998), p.242-244
- ^ Oişteanu (2003), p.2; Rezachevici, October 1995, p.66
- ^ Cernovodeanu, p.25; Giurescu, p.271
- ^ a b Cernovodeanu, p.25
- ^ Rezachevici, October 1995, p.66
- ^ a b c d Cernovodeanu, p.26
- ^ a b Cernovodeanu, p.27
- ^ Oişteanu (1998), p.211-212
- ^ Cernovodeanu, p.27; Oişteanu (2003), p.3
- ^ a b c d Cernovodeanu, p.28
- ^ Djuvara, p.179; Giurescu, p.272
- ^ Hitchins, p.226-227
- ^ Cernovodeanu, p.28; Djuvara, p.179-180
- ^ Ornea, p.387
- ^ Djuvara, p.180-182
- ^ Djuvara, p.182
- ^ ジョルジュ・カステラン 『ルーマニア史』 萩原直訳、白水社 ＜文庫クセジュ＞、1993年、p34。
- ^ a b c Oişteanu (1998), p.241
- ^ Islaz Proclamation, art.21
- ^ Oişteanu (2003), p.2
- ^ Ornea, p.389; Veiga, p.58-59
- ^ Panu, p.223-233
- ^ Ornea, p.389; Panu, p.224
- ^ For example, Panu (p.226) stated that "the issue of [the Jews'] assimilation or the mere possibility of their assimilation were never mentioned [by anti-Semites], being considered an impossible occurrence altogether [...]"; in the 1890s, Caragiale evidenced the paradox in his editorial Trădarea românismului! Triumful străinismului!! Consumatum est!!!, mimicking the tone of Liberals in opposition to the Petre P. Carp government: "Yesterday, February 5, '93, yesterday, fateful and cursed day! was voted that anti-social, anti-economical, anti-patriotic, anti-national, anti-Romanian law, that law through which poverty-stricken Jews may no longer be prevented from training in certain careers!"
- ^ Israil Bercovici, O sută de ani de teatru evreiesc în România ("One hundred years of Yiddish/Jewish theater in Romania"), 2nd Romanian-language edition, revised and augmented by Constantin Măciucă. Editura Integral (an imprint of Editurile Universala), Bucharest (1998). ISBN 973-98272-2-5. passim; see the article on the author for further publication information.
- ^ Ornea, p.390; Veiga, p.60
- ^ a b c Ornea, p.391
- ^ Ornea, p.396; Veiga, p.58-59
- ^ Ornea, p.396
- ^ Veiga, p.24-25
- ^ Veiga, p.56
- ^ Ornea, p.395
- ^ The Jewish-Romanian Marxist Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea criticised Poporanist claims in his work on the 1907 revolt, Neoiobăgia ("Neo-Serfdom"), arguing that, as favorite victims of prejudice (and most likely to be retaliated against), Jews were least likely to exploit: "[The Jewish tenant's] position is inferior to that of the exploited, for he is not a boyar, a gentleman, but a Yid, as well as to the administration, whose subordinate bodies he may well be able to satisfy, but whose upper bodies remain hostile towards him. His position is also rendered difficult by the anti-Semitic trend, strong as it gets, and by the hostile public opinion, and by the press, overwhelmingly anti-Semitic, but mostly by the régime itself - which, while awarding him all the advantages of neo-serfdom on one hand, uses, on the other, his position as a Yid to make of him a distraction and a scapegoat for the régime's sins."
- ^ Veiga, p.62-64
- ^ Veiga, p.61
- ^ Veiga, p.61-62
- ^ Ornea, p.396-397
- ^ Oişteanu (1998), p.252-253; Nichifor Crainic declared in 1931 "We were not, are not and will not be anti-Semites"; nevertheless, only two years later, in 1933, he wrote "The new spirit is healthy because is anti-Semitic, anti-Semitic in doctrine and anti-Semitic in practice". Barbu Theodorescu, the secretary and bibliographer of historian Nicolae Iorga, wrote in 1938: "Romanian anti-Semitism is 100 years old. To fight against the Jew is to walk the straight line of the Romanian nation's normal development. Anti-Semitism animated the heart of the Romanian intellectual elite. Anti-Semitism is the most vital problem of Romanian prosperity." (Oişteanu (1998), p.253)
- ^ a b c Oişteanu (1998), p.254
- ^ Ornea, p.397; Veiga, p.246, 264
- ^ Royal Decree, 1938, art.6
- ^ Decree, 1940; Ornea, p.391-393
- ^ Veiga, p.301
- ^ Oişteanu (1998), p.230-231; Andrei Oişteanu suggested Wilhelm Filderman, the Jewish community's president, influenced Antonescu's decision
- ^ Oişteanu (1998), p.231
- ^ Ilie Fugaru, Romania clears doubts about Holocaust past, UPI, November 11, 2004
- ^ a b International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania (2004年11月11日). “Executive Summary: Historical Findings and Recommendations (PDF)” (English). Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. Yad Vashem (The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority). 2006年7月25日閲覧。[リンク切れ]
- ^ a b Wexler (2000)
- ^ Gordon, p.299; Wexler (1996), p.83
- ^ Gordon, p.300
- ^ Gordon, p.300; Wexler (2000)
- ^ Gordon, p.299
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