水銀(Hg)は7種類の同位体を持つ。29.86%と最も豊富に存在するものは202Hgである。最も寿命の長い放射性同位体は194Hgで、半減期は444年である。203Hgの半減期は46.612日である。その他はほとんどが1日以下の半減期である。199Hgと201Hgはそれぞれ1/2、3/2のスピン角運動量を持ち、核磁気共鳴励起核として盛んに研究されている。
標準原子量は200.59(2) uである。
一覧
| 同位体核種 |
Z(p) |
N(n) |
同位体質量 (u) |
半減期 |
核スピン数 |
天然存在比 |
天然存在比
(範囲) |
| 励起エネルギー |
| 171Hg |
80 |
91 |
171.00376(32)# |
80(30) µs [59(+36-16) µs] |
3/2-# |
|
|
| 172Hg |
80 |
92 |
171.99883(22) |
420(240) µs [0.25(+35-9) ms] |
0 |
|
|
| 173Hg |
80 |
93 |
172.99724(22)# |
1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5-2) ms] |
3/2-# |
|
|
| 174Hg |
80 |
94 |
173.992864(21) |
2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18-7) ms] |
0+ |
|
|
| 175Hg |
80 |
95 |
174.99142(11) |
10.8(4) ms |
5/2-# |
|
|
| 176Hg |
80 |
96 |
175.987355(15) |
20.4(15) ms |
0+ |
|
|
| 177Hg |
80 |
97 |
176.98628(8) |
127.3(18) ms |
5/2-# |
|
|
| 178Hg |
80 |
98 |
177.982483(14) |
0.269(3) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 179Hg |
80 |
99 |
178.981834(29) |
1.09(4) s |
5/2-# |
|
|
| 180Hg |
80 |
100 |
179.978266(15) |
2.58(1) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 181Hg |
80 |
101 |
180.977819(17) |
3.6(1) s |
1/2(-) |
|
|
| 181mHg |
210(40)# keV |
|
13/2+ |
|
|
| 182Hg |
80 |
102 |
181.97469(1) |
10.83(6) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 183Hg |
80 |
103 |
182.974450(9) |
9.4(7) s |
1/2- |
|
|
| 183m1Hg |
198(14) keV |
|
13/2+# |
|
|
| 183m2Hg |
240(40)# keV |
5# s |
13/2+# |
|
|
| 184Hg |
80 |
104 |
183.971713(11) |
30.6(3) s |
0+ |
|
|
| 185Hg |
80 |
105 |
184.971899(17) |
49.1(10) s |
1/2- |
|
|
| 185mHg |
99.3(5) keV |
21.6(15) s |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 186Hg |
80 |
106 |
185.969362(12) |
1.38(6) min |
0+ |
|
|
| 186mHg |
2217.3(4) keV |
82(5) µs |
(8-) |
|
|
| 187Hg |
80 |
107 |
186.969814(15) |
1.9(3) min |
3/2- |
|
|
| 187mHg |
59(16) keV |
2.4(3) min |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 188Hg |
80 |
108 |
187.967577(12) |
3.25(15) min |
0+ |
|
|
| 188mHg |
2724.3(4) keV |
134(15) ns |
(12+) |
|
|
| 189Hg |
80 |
109 |
188.96819(4) |
7.6(1) min |
3/2- |
|
|
| 189mHg |
80(30) keV |
8.6(1) min |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 190Hg |
80 |
110 |
189.966322(17) |
20.0(5) min |
0+ |
|
|
| 191Hg |
80 |
111 |
190.967157(24) |
49(10) min |
3/2(-) |
|
|
| 191mHg |
128(22) keV |
50.8(15) min |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 192Hg |
80 |
112 |
191.965634(17) |
4.85(20) h |
0+ |
|
|
| 193Hg |
80 |
113 |
192.966665(17) |
3.80(15) h |
3/2- |
|
|
| 193mHg |
140.76(5) keV |
11.8(2) h |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 194Hg |
80 |
114 |
193.965439(13) |
444(77) a |
0+ |
|
|
| 195Hg |
80 |
115 |
194.966720(25) |
10.53(3) h |
1/2- |
|
|
| 195mHg |
176.07(4) keV |
41.6(8) h |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 196Hg |
80 |
116 |
195.965833(3) |
STABLE [>2.5E+18 a] |
0+ |
0.0015(1) |
|
| 197Hg |
80 |
117 |
196.967213(3) |
64.14(5) h |
1/2- |
|
|
| 197mHg |
298.93(8) keV |
23.8(1) h |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 198Hg |
80 |
118 |
197.9667690(4) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.0997(20) |
|
| 199Hg |
80 |
119 |
198.9682799(4) |
STABLE |
1/2- |
0.1687(22) |
|
| 199mHg |
532.48(10) keV |
42.66(8) min |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 200Hg |
80 |
120 |
199.9683260(4) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.2310(19) |
|
| 201Hg |
80 |
121 |
200.9703023(6) |
STABLE |
3/2- |
0.1318(9) |
|
| 201mHg |
766.22(15) keV |
94(3) µs |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 202Hg |
80 |
122 |
201.9706430(6) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.2986(26) |
|
| 203Hg |
80 |
123 |
202.9728725(18) |
46.595(6) d |
5/2- |
|
|
| 203mHg |
933.14(23) keV |
24(4) µs |
(13/2+) |
|
|
| 204Hg |
80 |
124 |
203.9734939(4) |
STABLE |
0+ |
0.0687(15) |
|
| 205Hg |
80 |
125 |
204.976073(4) |
5.14(9) min |
1/2- |
|
|
| 205mHg |
1556.40(17) keV |
1.09(4) ms |
13/2+ |
|
|
| 206Hg |
80 |
126 |
205.977514(22) |
8.15(10) min |
0+ |
|
|
| 207Hg |
80 |
127 |
206.98259(16) |
2.9(2) min |
(9/2+) |
|
|
| 208Hg |
80 |
128 |
207.98594(32)# |
42(5) min [41(+5-4) min] |
0+ |
|
|
| 209Hg |
80 |
129 |
208.99104(21)# |
37(8) s |
9/2+# |
|
|
| 210Hg |
80 |
130 |
209.99451(32)# |
10# min [>300 ns] |
0+ |
|
|
参考文献
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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