テストステロン
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2024/05/12 07:22 UTC 版)
テストステロン | |
---|---|
17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one | |
(1S,3aS,3bR,9aR,9bS,11aS)-1-Hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,3b,4,5,8,9,9a,9b,10,11,11a-tetradecahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-one | |
別称 Androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one | |
識別情報 | |
CAS登録番号 | 58-22-0 |
PubChem | 6013 |
ChemSpider | 5791 |
UNII | 3XMK78S47O |
DrugBank | DB00624 |
KEGG | D00075 |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL386630 |
| |
特性 | |
化学式 | C19H28O2 |
モル質量 | 288.42 g mol−1 |
融点 |
151.0 °C, 424 K, 304 °F [1] |
薬理学 | |
ATC分類 | G03BA03 |
生物学的利用能 | Oral: very low (due to extensive first pass metabolism) |
投与経路 | Transdermal (gel, cream, solution, patch), by mouth (as testosterone undecanoate), in the cheek, intranasal (gel), intramuscular injection (as esters), subcutaneous pellets |
代謝 | Liver (mainly reduction and conjugation) |
消失半減期 | 2–4 hours[要出典] |
血漿タンパク結合 | 97.0–99.5% (to SHBG and albumin)[2] |
排泄 | Urine (90%), feces (6%) |
ライセンスデータ | |
特記なき場合、データは常温 (25 °C)・常圧 (100 kPa) におけるものである。 |
テストステロンは、3位と17位にそれぞれケト基とヒドロキシ基を持つアンドロスタンクラスのステロイドである。テストステロンは、コレステロールからいくつかの段階を経て生合成され、アンドロゲン受容体に結合して活性化することで作用を発揮する[12]。肝臓で不活性な代謝物に変換される[12]。人間をはじめとするほとんどの脊椎動物では、テストステロンは主に男性の精巣から分泌され、女性の卵巣からも分泌される。成人男性のテストステロン濃度は、成人女性の約7 - 8倍である[13]。 男性のテストステロンの代謝はより顕著であるため、1日の分泌量は女性の約20倍になる[14][15]。 また、女性の方がホルモンに対する感受性が高いと言われている[16]。
テストステロンは、天然ホルモンとしての役割に加えて、医薬品として男性の性腺機能低下症や女性の乳癌の治療に使用されている[17]。男性は加齢と共にテストステロンのレベルが低下するため、この不足分を補うためにテストステロンが高齢の男性に使用されることがある。また、スポーツ選手などの体格やパフォーマンスを向上させるために違法に使用されることもある[18]。世界アンチ・ドーピング機構は、テストステロンをS1アナボリックエージェント物質として「いかなる場合も禁止」している[19]。
- ^ 指比が低いほど、出生前アンドロゲン曝露量が高い。
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