銀河系の伴銀河一覧
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2025/08/30 05:37 UTC 版)
銀河系（天の川銀河）は、重力で結びついたいくつかの小さな伴銀河を伴っており、局所銀河群のサブグループを形成している。
銀河系の伴銀河には、次の伴銀河が含まれる。
| 名前 | 直径 (kpc) | 距離 (kpc) |
絶対実視等級 | 形態 | 発見年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 大マゼラン雲 | 4 | 48.5 | −18.1 | SBm | 有史以前 |
| ポンプ座II | 2.9 | 130 | −8.5 | Irr? | 2018 |
| いて座矮小楕円銀河 | 2.6 | 20 | −13.5 | E | 1994 |
| コップ座II | 2.2 | 117.5 | −8.2 | dSph | 2016 [1] |
| 小マゼラン雲 | 2 | 61 | −16.8 | Irr | 有史以前 |
| りょうけん座矮小銀河 | 1.1 | 220 | −8.6 | dSph | 2006 |
| おおいぬ座矮小銀河 | 1.5 | 8 | −14.4 | Irr | 2003 |
| うしかい座矮小銀河III | 1.0 | 46 | −5.75 | dSph? | 2009 |
| ちょうこくしつ座矮小銀河 | 0.8 | 90 | −11.1 | dE3 | 1937 |
| りゅう座矮小銀河 | 0.7 | 80 | −8.8 | dE0 | 1954 |
| ヘルクレス座矮小銀河 | 0.7 | 135 | −6.6 | dSph | 2006 |
| しし座II | 0.7 | 210 | −9.8 | dE0 | 1950 |
| ろ座矮小銀河 | 0.6 | 140 | −13.4 | dE2 | 1938 |
| エリダヌス座II[2] | 0.55 | 366 | −7.1 | dSph | 2015 [3][4] |
| ろくぶんぎ座矮小銀河 | 0.5 | 90 | −9.3 | dE3 | 1990 |
| りゅうこつ座矮小銀河 | 0.5 | 100 | −9.1 | dE3 | 1977 |
| しし座I | 0.5 | 250 | −12.0 | dE3 | 1950 |
| こぐま座矮小銀河 | 0.4 | 60 | −8.8 | dE4 | 1954 |
| しし座T | 0.34 | 420 | −8.0 | dSph/dIrr | 2006 |
| みずがめ座II | 0.32 | 108 | −4.2 | dSph | 2016 [5] |
| うしかい座矮小銀河 | 0.30 | 60 | −6.3 | dSph | 2006 |
| りょうけん座矮小銀河II | 0.30 | 155 | −4.9 | dSph | 2006 |
| しし座IV | 0.30 | 160 | −5.8 | dSph | 2006 |
| きょしちょう座IV | 0.25 | 48 | −3.5 | dSph | 2015 [6] |
| はと座I | 0.21 | 182 | −4.5 | dSph | 2015 [6] |
| おおぐま座矮小銀河II | 0.20 | 30 | −4.25 | dG D | 2006 |
| つる座II | 0.19 | 53 | −3.9 | dSph | 2015 [6] |
| くじら座III | 0.18 | 251 | −2.4 | dSph? | 2017 [7] |
| かみのけ座矮小銀河 | 0.14 | 42 | −4.1 | dG D | 2006 |
| うみへび座II | 0.14 | 128 | −4.8 | dSph | 2015 [8] |
| レチクル座III | 0.13 | 92 | −3.3 | dSph | 2015 [6] |
| うお座II | 0.12 | 180 | −5.0 | Sph | 2010 |
| ペガスス座III | 0.11 | 215 | −3.4 | dSph | 2015 [9][10] |
| みずへび座I | 0.10 | 28 | −4.7 | dSph | 2018 [11] |
| うしかい座矮小銀河II | 0.10 | 42 | −2.7 | dSph | 2007 |
| きょしちょう座III | 0.09 | 25 | −2.4 | dSph | 2015 [6] |
| おとめ座I | 0.09 | 91 | −0.3 | dSph | 2016 [7] |
| とけい座II | 0.09 | 78 | −2.6 | dSph | 2015 [12] |
| いて座II | 0.08 | 67 | −5.2 | dSph | 2015 [13] |
| しし座V | 0.08 | 180 | −5.2 | dSph | 2007 |
| さんかく座II | 0.07 | 30 | −1.8 | dSph | 2015 |
| SEGUE 2 | 0.07 | 35 | −2.5 | dSph | 2007 |
| SEGUE 1 | 0.06 | 23 | −1.5 | dSph | 2007 |
| りゅう座II | 0.04 | 20 | −2.9 | dSph | 2015 [13] |
| きょしちょう座V | 0.03 | 55 | −1.6 | dSph | 2015 [6] |
| くじら座II | 0.03 | 30 | 0.0 | dSph? | 2015 [6] |
| レチクル座II | 0.064 | 30 | −3.6 | dSph | 2015 [3][4] |
| きょしちょう座II | 0.33 | 70 | −3.9 | dSph | 2015 [3][4] |
| うお座I | 1.5 | 80 | −13 | dSph? | 2009 |
| DES 1 | 0.02 | 82 | −3.05 | dSph? | 2016 [14] |
| エリダヌス座III | 0.028 | 90 | −2.4 | dSph?[注釈 1] | 2015 [3][4] |
| とけい座I | 0.06 | 100 | −3.5 | dSph?[注釈 1] | 2015 [3][4] |
| インディアン座I | 0.074 | 100 | −3.5 | 球状星団/dSph | 2015 [3][4] |
| ほうおう座II | 0.0521 | 100 | −3.7 | dSph?[注釈 1] | 2015 [3][4] |
| おおぐま座矮小銀河I | 0.64 | 100 | −5.5 | dG Sph | 2005 |
| がか座I | 0.058 | 115 | −3.7 | dSph?[注釈 1] | 2015 [3][4] |
| つる座I | 0.12 | 120 | −3.4 | dSph | 2015 [3] |
| ペガスス座IV | 0.082 | 90 | −4.25 | dSph | 2022[15] |
| りゅうこつ座II | 0.182 | 36 | −4.5 | dSph | 2018 [16] |
| りゅうこつ座III | 0.06 | 28 | −2.4 | 球状星団? | 2018 [16] |
| うしかい座IV | 0.28 | 209 | −4.53 | dSph | 2019 [17] |
| ケンタウルス座I | 0.076 | 116 | −5.55 | dSph | 2020 [18] |
| がか座II | 0.046 | 46 | −3.2 | dSph | 2016 [19] |
| うしかい座V | 0.0194 | 102 | −3.2 | dSph? | 2022[20] |
| こじし座I | 0.0896594412 | 82 | −2.4 | dSph | 2022[20] |
| おとめ座II | 0.07 | 72 | −1.6 | dSph | 2022[20] |
| Willman 1 | 0.02 | 38 | −2.53 | dSph | 2018 [21] |
| おおぐま座III | 0.003 | 10 | +2.2 | dSph | 2023 |
| しし座K | 0.0087 | 434 | −4.86 | dSph | 2024[22] |
| しし座M | 0.009 | 459 | −5.77 | dSph | 2024[22] |
| ろくぶんぎ座II | 0.024? | – | – | dSph | 2024[23] |
| おとめ座III | 0.015 | 154[24] | – | dSph | 2024[23] |
| ペガスス座W | 0.01 | 227 | +1 | dSph | 2020 |
| エリダヌス座IV | 0.034 | 59.7 | +0.2 | dSph? | 2021 |
| Laevens 1 | 0.09 | 26.8 | +0.8 | dG D | 2014 |
| しし座VI | 0.28 | 111 | −3.56 | dSph | 2024[25] |
| みずがめ座III | 0.102 | 85 | −2.5 | dSph | 2024[26] |
マップ
脚注
注釈
出典
- ^ Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S.E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M. (13 April 2016). “The feeble giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 459 (3): 2370–2378. arXiv:1601.07178. Bibcode: 2016MNRAS.459.2370T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw733.
- ^ Crnojević, D.; Sand, D.J.; Zaritsky, D.; Spekkens, K.; Willman, B.; Hargis, J.R. (2016). “Deep imaging of Eridanus II and its lone star cluster”. The Astrophysical Journal 824 (1): L-14. arXiv:1604.08590. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...824L..14C. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/824/1/L14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Koposov, Sergey E.; Belokurov, Vasily; Torrealba, Gabriel; Evans, N. Wyn (10 March 2015). “Beasts of the Southern Wild. Discovery of a large number of ultra faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds”. The Astrophysical Journal 805 (2): 130. arXiv:1503.02079. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...805..130K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/130.
- ^ a b c d e f g h DES Collaboration (10 March 2015). “Eight New Milky Way companions discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey data”. The Astrophysical Journal 807 (1): 50. arXiv:1503.02584. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...807...50B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/50.
- ^ Torrealba, G.; Koposov, S.E.; Belokurov, V.; Irwin, M.; Collins, M.; Spencer, M.; Ibata, R.; Matteo, M. et al. (2016). “At the survey limits: Discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 463 (1): 712–722. arXiv:1605.05338. Bibcode: 2016MNRAS.463..712T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2051.
- ^ a b c d e f g Drlica-Wagner, A. (4 November 2015). “Eight ultra-faint galaxy candidates discovered in Year Two of the Dark Energy Survey”. The Astrophysical Journal 813 (2): 109. arXiv:1508.03622. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...813..109D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/813/2/109.
- ^ a b Homma, Daisuke; Chiba, Masashi; Okamoto, Sakurako; Komiyama, Yutaka; Tanaka, Masayuki; Tanaka, Mikito; Ishigaki, Miho N.; Hayashi, Kohei et al. (2017-04-19). “Searches for New Milky Way Satellites from the First Two Years of Data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey: Discovery of Cetus III”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 70: S18. arXiv:1704.05977. Bibcode: 2018PASJ...70S..18H. doi:10.1093/pasj/psx050.
- ^ Martin, Nicolas F. (23 April 2015). “Hydra II: A faint and compact Milky Way dwarf galaxy found in the survey of the Magellanic stellar history”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 804 (1): L5. arXiv:1503.06216. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804L...5M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/804/1/L5.
- ^ Kim, Dongwon; Jerjen, Helmut; Mackey, Dougal; Da Costa, Gary S.; Milone, Antonino P. (12 May 2015). “A hero's dark horse: Discovery of an ultra-faint Milky Way satellite in Pegasus”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 804 (2): L-44. arXiv:1503.08268. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804L..44K. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/804/2/L44.
- ^ Kim, Dongwon; Jerjen, Helmut; Geha, Marla; Chiti, Anirudh; Milone, Antonino P.; Mackey, Dougal; da Costa, Gary; Frebel, Anna et al. (2016). “Portrait of a dark horse: Photometric properties and kinematics of the ultra-faint Milky Way satellite Pegasus III”. The Astrophysical Journal 833 (1): 16. arXiv:1608.04934. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833...16K. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/833/1/16.
- ^ Koposov, Sergey E.; Walker, Matthew G.; Belokurov, Vasily; Casey, Andrew R.; Geringer-Sameth, Alex; Mackey, Dougal; Da Costa, Gary; Erkal, Denis et al. (2018-10-01). “Snake in the Clouds: a new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge*” (英語). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 479 (4): 5343–5361. arXiv:1804.06430. Bibcode: 2018MNRAS.479.5343K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1772. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Kim, Dongwon & Jerjen, Helmut (28 July 2015). “Horologium II: A second ultra-faint Milky Way satellite in the Horologium constellation”. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 808 (2): L–39. arXiv:1505.04948. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...808L..39K. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/808/2/L39.
- ^ a b Laevens, B.P.M; Martin, N.F.; Bernard, E.J.; Schlafly, E.F.; Sesar, B. (1 November 2015). “Sagittarius II, Draco II and Laevens 3: Three new Milky Way satellites discovered in the PAN-STARRS 1 3π survey”. The Astrophysical Journal 813 (1): 44. arXiv:1507.07564. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...813...44L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/44.
- ^ Luque, E. (9 February 2016). “Digging deeper into Southern skies: A compact Milky Way companion discovered in first-year Dark Energy Survey data”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 458 (1): 603–612. arXiv:1508.02381. Bibcode: 2016MNRAS.458..603L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw302.
- ^ Cerny, W. et al. (2023). “Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus”. The Astrophysical Journal 942 (2): 111. arXiv:2203.11788. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...942..111C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca1c3.
- ^ a b Torrealba, G.; Belokurov, V.; Koposov, S. E.; Bechtol, K.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Olsen, K. A. G.; Vivas, A. K.; Yanny, B. et al. (2018-01-22). “Discovery of two neighbouring satellites in the Carina constellation with MagLiteS”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 475 (4): 5085–5097. arXiv:1801.07279. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty170.
- ^ Homma (2019). “Boötes. IV. A new Milky Way satellite discovered in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey and implications for the missing satellite problem”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 71 (5): 94. arXiv:1906.07332. Bibcode: 2019PASJ...71...94H. doi:10.1093/pasj/psz076.
- ^ Mau (2020). “Two Ultra-faint Milky Way Stellar Systems Discovered in Early Data from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey”. The Astrophysical Journal 890 (2): 136. arXiv:1912.03301. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...890..136M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab6c67.
- ^ Drlica-Wagner (2016). “An Ultra-Faint Galaxy Candidate Discovered in Early Data from the Magellanic Satellites Survey”. The Astrophysical Journal 833 (1): L5. arXiv:1609.02148. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...833L...5D. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/833/1/L5. hdl:1885/153579.
- ^ a b c Cerny, W. et al. (2023). “Six More Ultra-faint Milky Way Companions Discovered in the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey”. The Astrophysical Journal 953 (1): 1. arXiv:2209.12422. Bibcode: 2023ApJ...953....1C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdd78.
- ^ Muñoz (2018). “A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters”. The Astrophysical Journal 860 (1): 66. arXiv:1806.06891. Bibcode: 2018ApJ...860...66M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac16b.
- ^ a b McQuinn, Kristen. B. W.; Mao, Yao-Yuan; Tollerud, Erik J.; Cohen, Roger E.; Shih, David; Buckley, Matthew R.; Dolphin, Andrew E. (2024). “Discovery and Characterization of Two Ultrafaint Dwarfs outside the Halo of the Milky Way: Leo M and Leo K”. The Astrophysical Journal 967 (2): 161. arXiv:2307.08738. Bibcode: 2024ApJ...967..161M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad429b.
- ^ a b “Scientists finally found 2 of the Milky Way's missing satellite galaxies. What could this mean for astronomy?” (英語). Space.com (2024年7月2日). 2024年7月4日閲覧。
- ^ Ngeow, Chow-Choong; Bhardwaj, Anupam (2024). “Discovery of RR Lyrae in the Ultra-faint-dwarf Galaxy Virgo III”. The Astronomical Journal 168 (1): 8. arXiv:2405.05482. Bibcode: 2024AJ....168....8N. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad49a9.
- ^ Tan, C. Y. et al. (2025). “A Pride of Satellites in the Constellation Leo? Discovery of the Leo VI Milky Way Satellite Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy with DELVE Early Data Release 3”. The Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 176. arXiv:2408.00865. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..176T. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b0c.
- ^ Cerny, W. et al. (2025). “Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of Aquarius III: A Low-mass Milky Way Satellite Galaxy”. The Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 164. arXiv:2410.00981. Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..164C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8eba.
関連項目
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