かがく‐ほうていしき〔クワガクハウテイシキ〕【化学方程式】
読み方：かがくほうていしき
化学反応式
(化学方程式 から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2024/04/09 13:46 UTC 版)
化学反応式（かがくはんのうしき、英語: chemical equation）とは、物質の化学反応を表現する為の図表である。通常、化学反応式中で物質は化学式を用いて表され、物質の間での化学量論的な関係を表したり、反応機構や化学反応前後での物質の構造変化を表現したりする。最初の化学反応式はジャン・ベガンによって表された[1]。
- ^ Crosland, M.P. (1959). “The use of diagrams as chemical 'equations' in the lectures of William Cullen and Joseph Black”. Annals of Science 15 (2): 75–90. doi:10.1080/00033795900200088.
- ^ The notation was proposed in 1884 by the Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff. See: van 't Hoff, J.H. (1884) (フランス語). Études de Dynamique Chemique [Studies of chemical dynamics]. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Frederik Muller & Co.. pp. 4–5 Van 't Hoff called reactions that didn't proceed to completion "limited reactions". From pp. 4–5: "Or M. Pfaundler a relié ces deux phénomênes … s'accomplit en même temps dans deux sens opposés." (Now Mr. Pfaundler has joined these two phenomena in a single concept by considering the observed limit as the result of two opposing reactions, driving the one in the example cited to the formation of sea salt [i.e., NaCl] and nitric acid, [and] the other to hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrate. This consideration, which experiment validates, justifies the expression "chemical equilibrium", which is used to characterize the final state of limited reactions. I would propose to translate this expression by the following symbol: HCl + NO3 Na NO3 H + Cl Na. I thus replace, in this case, the = sign in the chemical equation by the sign , which in reality doesn't express just equality but shows also the direction of the reaction. This clearly expresses that a chemical action occurs simultaneously in two opposing directions.)
- ^ The notation was suggested by Hugh Marshall in 1902. See: Marshall, Hugh (1902). “Suggested Modifications of the Sign of Equality for Use in Chemical Notation”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 24: 85–87. doi:10.1017/S0370164600007720.
- ^ The symbol is more properly denoted as a simple triangle (△), which was originally the alchemical symbol for fire.
- ^ This symbol comes from the Planck equation for the energy of a photon, . It is sometimes mistakenly written with a 'v' ("vee") instead of the Greek letter '' ("nu")
[続きの解説]
「化学反応式」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 化学反応式とは
- 2 化学反応式の概要
- 3 概要
- 4 化学量論的反応式
- 5 関連項目
「化学方程式」の例文・使い方・用例・文例
- 化学方程式
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