逆因果律
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2022/06/25 13:58 UTC 版)
逆因果律 （ぎゃくいんがりつ、英: Retrocausality）または逆向き因果（ぎゃくむきいんが、英: backwards causation)とは、未来の事象が過去の事象に影響を及ぼすという因果関係の概念である。つまり通常の因果関係とは逆で結果が先行し、原因が後に起こることになる [1]。 量子物理学では原因と結果の区別を最も基本的なレベルでは行われていないため、 時間反転対称性は逆因果律または因果が遡及していると見なすことができる [2] [要ページ番号] 。タイムトラベルに対する哲学的な考察では、しばしばフィクションの主題の扱いと同様に逆因果律と同じ問題に対処するが、2つの現象は異なる [3]。
- ^ Barry, Patrick (September 2006). “What's done is done…”. New Scientist 191 (2571): 36–39. doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(06)60613-1 2006年12月19日閲覧。.
- ^ Sheehan, Daniel P. (2006). Frontiers of Time: Retrocausation - Experiment and Theory; San Diego, California, 20-22 June 2006. Melville, New York: American Institute of Physics. ISBN 978-0735403611
- ^ Faye, Jan (2001-08-27). “Backward Causation”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2006年12月24日閲覧。.
- ^ Beauchamp, Tom L.; Rosenberg, Alexander (1981). Hume and the Problem of Causation. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195202366
- ^ Dummett, A. E.; Flew, A. (11 July 1954). “Symposium: "Can An Effect Precede Its Cause?"”. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 28 (1): 27–62. doi:10.1093/aristoteliansupp/28.1.27.
- ^ Black, Max (January 1956). “Why Cannot an Effect Precede Its Cause?”. Analysis 16 (3): 49. doi:10.2307/3326929. JSTOR 3326929.
- ^ Ellis, Brian (2002). The Philosophy of Nature: A Guide to the New Essentialism. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 9780773524743
- ^ Beebee, Helen (2006). Hume on Causation. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415243391
- ^ Krasnikov, S. V. (15 March 1997). “Causality violation and paradoxes”. Physical Review D 55 (6): 3427–3430. Bibcode: 1997PhRvD..55.3427K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.55.3427.
- ^ Earman, John; Smeenk, Christopher; Wüthrich, Christian (7 May 2008). “Do the laws of physics forbid the operation of time machines?”. Synthese 169 (1): 91–124. doi:10.1007/s11229-008-9338-2. ISSN 0039-7857.
- ^ Faye, Jan (1994). Logic and Causal Reasoning. Berlin: Akad.-Verl.. ISBN 978-3050025995
- ^ Elitzur, A.; Dolev, S.; Kolenda, N. (2005). Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics?. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3540221883
- ^ Thorne, Kip S. (1995). Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0393312768
- ^ Gott, John Richard (2002). Time Travel in Einstein's Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time (1st ed.). Boston: Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0618257355
- ^ Hawking, S. W. (15 July 1992). “Chronology protection conjecture”. Physical Review D 46 (2): 603–611. Bibcode: 1992PhRvD..46..603H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.46.603.
- ^ Li, Li-Xin (1 September 1996). “Must time machines be unstable against vacuum fluctuations?”. Classical and Quantum Gravity 13 (9): 2563–2568. arXiv:gr-qc/9703024. Bibcode: 1996CQGra..13.2563L. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/13/9/019.
- ^ Watanabe, Satosi (1955). “Symmetry of physical laws. Part III. Prediction and retrodiction”. Reviews of Modern Physics 27 (2): 179–186. Bibcode: 1955RvMP...27..179W. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.27.179.
- ^ Aharonov, Yakir. “The Two-State Vector Formalism: An Updated Review (PDF)”. 2014年7月7日閲覧。
- ^ Wheeler, John Archibald; Feynman, Richard Phillips (1 April 1945). “Interaction with the Absorber as the Mechanism of Radiation”. Reviews of Modern Physics 17 (2–3): 157–181. Bibcode: 1945RvMP...17..157W. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.17.157.
- ^ Price, Huw (1997). Time's Arrow & Archimedes' Point: New Directions for the Physics of Time (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195117981
- ^ Feynman, R. P. (15 September 1949). “The Theory of Positrons”. Physical Review 76 (6): 749–759. Bibcode: 1949PhRv...76..749F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.76.749.
- ^ Nambu, Y. (1 February 1950). “The Use of the Proper Time in Quantum Electrodynamics I”. Progress of Theoretical Physics 5 (1): 82–94. Bibcode: 1950PThPh...5...82N. doi:10.1143/ptp/5.1.82.
- ^ Villata, M. (30 November 2011). “Reply to "Comment to a paper of M. Villata on antigravity"”. Astrophysics and Space Science 337 (1): 15–17. arXiv:1109.1201. Bibcode: 2012Ap&SS.337...15V. doi:10.1007/s10509-011-0940-2.
- ^ Rave, M. J. (22 October 2008). “Interpreting Quantum Interference Using a Berry's Phase-like Quantity”. Foundations of Physics 38 (12): 1073–1081. Bibcode: 2008FoPh...38.1073R. doi:10.1007/s10701-008-9252-y.
- ^ Wharton, William R. (1998-10-28). Backward Causation and the EPR Paradox 2007年6月21日閲覧。.
- ^ Costa de Beauregard, Olivier (1977). “Time Symmetry and the Einstein Paradox”. Il Nuovo Cimento (42B).
- ^ David Ellerman (2012年12月11日). “A Common Fallacy in Quantum Mechanics: Why Delayed Choice Experiments do NOT imply Retrocausality”. 2013年6月15日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2017年5月12日閲覧。
- ^ Rubin, Mark A. (2001). “Locality in the Everett Interpretation of Heisenberg-Picture Quantum Mechanics”. Found. Phys. Lett. () 14 (2001): 301–322. arXiv:quant-ph/0103079. Bibcode: 2001quant.ph..3079R.
- ^ J. G. Cramer (April 2014), “Status of Nonlocal Quantum Communication Test”, UW CENPA Annual Report 2013-14, Article 7.1 2016年9月21日閲覧。
- ^ Feinberg, G. (25 July 1967). “Possibility of Faster-Than-Light Particles”. Physical Review 159 (5): 1089–1105. Bibcode: 1967PhRv..159.1089F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.159.1089.
- ^ LeBel, Etienne P.; Peters, Kurt R. (January 2011). “Fearing the future of empirical psychology: Bem's (2011) evidence of psi as a case study of deficiencies in modal research practice”. Review of General Psychology 15 (4): 371–379. doi:10.1037/a0025172 2017年11月2日閲覧。.
- ^ Schmidt, Helmut (June 1978). “Can an effect precede its cause? A model of a noncausal world”. Foundations of Physics 8 (5–6): 463–480. Bibcode: 1978FoPh....8..463S. doi:10.1007/BF00708576.
- ^ Schmidt, Helmut (June 1982). “Collapse of the state vector and psychokinetic effect”. Foundations of Physics 12 (6): 565–581. Bibcode: 1982FoPh...12..565S. doi:10.1007/bf00731929.
- ^ Druckman, Daniel; Swets, John A. (1988). Enhancing Human Performance: Issues, Theories, and Techniques. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. ISBN 9780309037921
- ^ Stenger, Victor J. (1990). Physics and Psychics: The Search for a World Beyond the Senses. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 9780879755751
- ^ Shoup, Richard (2002). “Anomalies and constraints: can clairvoyance, precognition, and psychokinesis be accommodated with known physics?”. Journal of Scientific Exploration 16.
- ^ Leibovici, L. (2001). “Effects of remote, retroactive intercessory prayer on outcomes in patients with bloodstream infection: randomised controlled trial”. British Medical Journal 323 (7327): 1450–1. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1450. PMC 61047. PMID 11751349.
- ^ Bishop, J. P (18 December 2004). “Retroactive prayer: lots of history, not much mystery, and no science”. BMJ 329 (7480): 1444–1446. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7480.1444. PMC 535973. PMID 15604179.
[続きの解説]
- 逆因果律のページへのリンク
