アミロイドβ
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2023/02/26 08:56 UTC 版)
アミロイドβ（アミロイドベータ、英: Amyloid beta、略称: Aβ）は、アルツハイマー病患者の脳に見られるアミロイド斑の主成分として、アルツハイマー病に重大な関与を行う36–43アミノ酸のペプチドである[2]。このペプチドはアミロイド前駆体タンパク質 (amyloid precursor protein, APP) に由来し、β-セクレターゼとγ-セクレターゼによる切断によって産生される。Aβ分子は凝集し、いくつかの形態の柔軟な可溶性のオリゴマーを形成する。現在では、特定の誤ったフォールディング（ミスフォールディング）をしたオリゴマー（「シード」として知られる）が他のAβ分子のミスフォールドを誘導し、プリオンの感染と類似した連鎖反応が引き起こされると考えられている。このオリゴマーは神経細胞に対する毒性がある[3]。アルツハイマー病への関与が示唆される他のタンパク質であるタウタンパク質も同様にプリオン様のミスフォールドオリゴマーを形成し、ミスフォールドしたAβがタウのミスフォールドを誘導するという証拠も存在する[4][5]。
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[続きの解説]
「アミロイドβ」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 アミロイドβとは
- 2 アミロイドβの概要
- 3 遺伝学
- 4 アミロイドβの計測
- 5 関連項目
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