ラジアータパイン
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2020/04/15 09:28 UTC 版)
形態
樹高は10 - 40 m程度であり産地や条件で変動するが、基変種 radiata の場合は大抵は20 - 30 m程度、小さいと10 m、大きいと40 m近くになる。樹高の高い個体は小さな渓谷で見つかることが多い。胸高直径は大きく変動し条件の良い場所では60 cmを超える。120 cmを超える巨大なものも稀に見られる。グアダルーペ島において最も高い個体は樹高33 m、胸高直径が最も太いものは211 cmの記録がある。セドロス島では最も高い個体は樹高32 m、胸高直径が大きいのは77 cmであった[6]。
枝は被圧[注釈 1]されると枯れてしまうものの、幹から離れにくいために枯れ枝を多く付けたままとなる。密集地では枝を出しにくく、枝の無い綺麗な幹になる[8]。成木の樹皮は鱗状に大きく裂ける。
針葉は基変種では8 - 15 cmのもの3本が束生するが、変種 bianta では2枚が束生する。
樹冠の発達は樹齢と空間に関係がある。混んでいる場所では小さな樹冠を付ける。旺盛に生長している個体では樹冠が平坦で歪になった後も、樹齢35年から45年程度まで成長を続ける。胸高直径が30 - 45 cmの個体では幅5、6 mの樹冠になるが、混んでいる場所ではもっと小さくなる。胸高直径75 cmの個体の樹冠は幅9 - 12 mであった。30 mを超すような巨木であっても生きている枝を付けている部分の幅は樹高の1/3から1/6しかない[7]。
樹形。火災による枯死木。オーストラリアの人工林にて
樹皮
葉は三針葉
鈴なりの球果
雄花
若い球果。棘が目立つ
- ^ Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus radiata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42408A2977955. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42408A2977955.en, Downloaded on 06 November 2016.
- ^ a b c Forde, Margot B. 1964. Variation in natural populations of Pinus radiata in California. Part 3. Cone characters. New Zealand Journal of Botany 2(4):459-485.
- ^ Moran, G. F., J. C. Bell, and K. G. Eldridge. 1988. The genetic structure and the conservation of the five natural populations of Pinus radiata. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18:506-514.
- ^ 木のあるくらし ラジアータマツ、ラジアータパイン
- ^ Griffin, James R., and William B. Critchfield. 1972. (Reprinted with supplement, 1976). The distribution of forest trees in California. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper PSW-82. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA. 118 p.
- ^ a b c d Libby, W. J., M. H. Bannister, and Y. B. Linhart. 1968. The pines of Cedros and Guadalupe Islands. Journal of Forestry 66(11):846-853.
- ^ a b c d Lindsay, A. D. 1937. Report on Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) in its native habitat. Commonwealth (Australia) Forestry Bureau, Bulletin 10. 57 p.
- ^ a b c Sudworth, George B. 1908. Forest trees of the Pacific slope. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC. 441 p.
- ^ a b Scott, C. W. 1960. Pinus radiata. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Forestry and Forest Products Study 14. Rome, Italy. 328 p.
- ^ McDonald, John Bruce. 1959. An ecological study of Monterey pine in Monterey County, California. Thesis (M.S.), University of California, Berkeley. 58 p.
- ^ Axelrod, Daniel 1. 1982. Age and origin of the Monterey endemic area. Madroño 29(3):127-147.
- ^ Libby, W. J., A. G. Brown, and J. M. Fielding. 1972. Effects of hedging radiata pine on production, rooting, and early growth of cuttings. New Zealand Journal of Forest Science 2(2):263-283.
- ^ Ernstrom, Dan. 1983. Personal communication. Soil Conservation Service, Davis, CA
- ^ Axelrod, Daniel 1. 1977. Outline history of California vegetation. In Terrestrial Vegetation of California. p. 139-193. Michael G. Barbour and Jack Major, eds. John Wiley, New York.
- ^ a b Offord, Harold R. 1964. Diseases of Monterey pine in native stands of California and in plantations of western North America. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper PSW-14. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA. 37 p.
- ^ Griffin, James R. 1981. Personal communication. Hastings Natural History Reservation, Carmel Valley, CA.
- ^ Critchfield, William B., and Elbert L. Little, Jr. 1966. Geographic distribution of the pines of the world. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 991. Washington, DC. 97 p.
- ^ Krugman, Stanley L., and James L. Jenkinson. 1974. Pinus L., Pine. In Seeds of woody plants in the United States. p. 598-638. C. S. Schopmeyer, tech. coord. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 450. Washington, DC.
- ^ Vogl, Richard J., Wayne P. Armstrong, Keith L. White, and Kenneth L. Cole. 1977. The closed-cone pines and cypresses. In Terrestrial Vegetation of California. p. 295-358. Michael G. Barbour and Jack Major, eds. John Wiley, New York.
- ^ Roy, Douglass F. 1966. Silvical characteristics of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). USDA Forest Service, Research Paper PSW-31. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA. 21 p.
- ^ a b c Larsen, Louis T. 1915. Monterey pine. Society of American Foresters Proceedings 10(l):68-74.
- ^ Kaufmann, Merrill R. 1977. Soil temperature and drought effects on growth of Monterey pine. Forest Science 23(3):317-325.
- ^ Baker, Frederick S. 1949. A revised tolerance table. Journal of Forestry 47(3):179-181.
- ^ Roy, Douglass F. 1966. Silvical characteristics of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). USDA Forest Service, Research Paper PSW-31. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley, CA. 21 p.
- ^ Furniss, R. L., and V. M. Carolin. 1977. Western forest insects. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 1339. Washington, DC. 654 p.
- ^ 二井一禎, 肘井直樹. 2000. 森林微生物生態学. 朝倉書店. 東京.
- ^ USDA PEST alert Sirex woodwasp
- ^ Coleman, George A. 1905. Report upon Monterey pine, made for the Pacific Improvement Company. Unpublished report, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Redding, CA. 74 p.
- ^ THE PREFERRED SPECIES
- ^ a b Chu-Chou, Myra. 1985. Effect of different mycorrhizal fungi on Pinus radiata seedling growth. In Proceedings of the 6th North American Conference on Mycorrhizae, June 25-29, 1984, Bend, Oregon. p. 208. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis
- ^ Pest Risk Analysis Biosecurity Risk to New Zealand of Pinewood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)
- ^ 平井信二, 小原二郎. 1979. 大図説世界の木材 The International Book of Wood. 小学館. 東京
- ^ 林野庁 (編). 2010. 平成22年版 森林・林業白書. 全国林業改良普及協会. 東京. 付表pp12 -13
- ^ en:One Tree Hill, New Zealand 00:47, 5 March 2012 UTC の版
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