フランクリン・ピール
(Benjamin Franklin Peale から転送)
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 (2018/03/12 16:15 UTC 版)
ベンジャミン・フランクリン・ピール（英語: Benjamin Franklin Peale、1795年10月15日 - 1870年5月5日）は、アメリカ合衆国造幣局フィラデルフィアの第3代貨幣鋳造主任である。ピールは造幣局の鋳造技術に多くの革新をもたらしたが、個人的な利得のためにその地位を利用したという疑惑の中で、免職となった。
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- ^ Often by "die sinkers", employees who did the routine work of cutting designs into blank dies. See Burdette 2013a, pp. 9–10
- ^ At the Philadelphia Mint, coin designs were created by the Engraver, an office sometimes called Chief Engraver. See Burdette 2013b, p. 180
- ^ Hired because the Mint's Engraver, William Kneass, had been partially disabled by a stroke. As Gobrecht was a prominent craftsman, he would not accept the usual title of "Assistant Engraver". Gobrecht would become Engraver after Kneass's death in 1840. See Taxay, pp. 170–171, 176, 204.
- ^ That is, Charlotte and Dahlonega, which were to strike only gold coins. New Orleans was to strike both gold and silver coins.
- ^ The Coinage Act of 1873, passed after Peale's death, authorized the Chief Coiner to strike medals, provided "that such work shall not interfere with the regular coinage operations, and that no private medal die shall be prepared at said mint, or the machinery or apparatus thereof be used for that purpose". See Watson, p. 31.
- ^ Snow, p. 221.
- ^ Patterson, p. 597.
- ^ Sellers, p. 76.
- ^ Sellers, pp. 49, 88.
- ^ Patterson, pp. 597–598.
- ^ Smith 2010, p. 216.
- ^ a b Smith 1994, p. 1137.
- ^ Patterson, p. 598.
- ^ a b c Patterson, p. 599.
- ^ a b Ferguson 1965b, p. 70.
- ^ Coleman Sellers was married to Peale's half-sister Sophonisba.
- ^ Edson, p. 383.
- ^ Sellers, p. 270.
- ^ a b Whitehead, p. 197.
- ^ Sellers, p. 256.
- ^ Ferguson 1965b, p. 4.
- ^ Ferguson 1965a, p. 34.
- ^ Frazer, p. 259.
- ^ a b Patterson, p. 600.
- ^ a b Lange, p. 43.
- ^ a b c Taxay, p. 150.
- ^ a b Whitehead, p. 199.
- ^ Nepomucene, p. 156.
- ^ a b Whitehead, pp. 200–201.
- ^ a b Burdette 2013a, p. 23.
- ^ a b Nepomucene, p. 157.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 10.
- ^ a b Whitehead, pp. 201–203.
- ^ a b Lange, p. 44.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 24.
- ^ Whitehead, pp. 207–208.
- ^ Taxay, p. 154.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, pp. 91–93.
- ^ a b Whitehead, p. 208.
- ^ Whitehead, p. 211.
- ^ Nepomucene, p. 159.
- ^ a b Nepomucene, p. 158.
- ^ a b Whitehead, p. 209.
- ^ Whitehead, p. 210.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, pp. 27–32.
- ^ a b Taxay, p. 166.
- ^ Clark, p. 288.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 49.
- ^ Burdette 2013b, p. 285.
- ^ Bowers 2001, p. 75.
- ^ Clark, pp. 287–290.
- ^ “First Steam Powered Coin Press”. The Franklin Institute. 2013年12月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年12月10日閲覧。
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 32.
- ^ Patterson, pp. 600–601.
- ^ a b Lange, p. 50.
- ^ Lange, p. 47.
- ^ a b c Patterson, p. 601.
- ^ Evans, p. 123.
- ^ Senate journal vol. iv, p. 489.
- ^ Senate journal vol. iv, p. 501.
- ^ a b Ferguson 1965b, p. 76.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, pp. 63–70.
- ^ a b Senate report, p. 3.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 25.
- ^ Breen, p. 238.
- ^ Doty, pp. 70–72.
- ^ Doty, p. 72.
- ^ Doty, pp. 73–74.
- ^ Doty, p. 73.
- ^ Doty, pp. 75–76.
- ^ Doty, p. 78.
- ^ Doty, pp. 78–79.
- ^ Burdette 2013b, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Smith 1997, p. 63.
- ^ a b Senate journal vol. v, p. 252.
- ^ Proud, p. 59.
- ^ Senate journal vol. v, p. 258.
- ^ a b c Taxay, p. 183.
- ^ a b Bowers 2004, p. 385.
- ^ a b c Wright, p. 63.
- ^ Burdette 2013b, p. 324.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 93.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, pp. 100–101.
- ^ Breen, p. 287.
- ^ a b c Breen, p. 393.
- ^ Lange, p. 90.
- ^ a b c Pessolano-Filos, p. 92.
- ^ a b Breen, p. 311.
- ^ Coin World Almanac, pp. 217–221.
- ^ Taxay, p. 206.
- ^ a b Taxay, pp. 206–207.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 208–209.
- ^ Snow, p. 222.
- ^ a b Taxay, p. 207.
- ^ Snow, pp. 222–223.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 207–208.
- ^ Breen, p. 271.
- ^ a b Taxay, p. 162.
- ^ Burdette 2013b, p. 13.
- ^ Burdette 2013b, pp. 471–472.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 178–179, 189.
- ^ a b Taxay, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Smith 1994, pp. 1139.
- ^ Bureau of the Mint, p. 39.
- ^ Taxay, p. 182.
- ^ Smith 1994, p. 1140.
- ^ Taxay, p. 181.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 187–188.
- ^ Taxay, p. 188.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 189–190.
- ^ a b c Taxay, p. 190.
- ^ Senate report, p. 2.
- ^ a b Patterson, p. 602.
- ^ a b Patterson, p. 603.
- ^ American Philosophical Society, pp. 38–39.
- ^ Taxay, p. 249.
- ^ Burdette 2013a, pp. 127–128.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 387–289.
- ^ Taxay, p. 263.
- ^ Patterson, p. 604.
- ^ “The Funeral of Franklin Peale”. The Evening Bulletin: p. 8. (1870年5月9日)
- ^ Burdette 2013a, p. 9.
- ^ Evans, p. 116.
- ^ Burdette 2013b, p. 18.
- ^ Bowers 2006, p. 58.
- ^ a b Senate report, pp. 2–3.
- ^ Taxay, pp. 190–191.
- ^ a b Taxay, p. 191.
- ^ United States Senate (1887). Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States. IX. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 409.
[続きの解説]
「フランクリン・ピール」の続きの解説一覧
- 1 フランクリン・ピールとは
- 2 フランクリン・ピールの概要
- 3 その後の人生と死、および評価
- 4 参考文献と脚注
- フランクリン・ピールのページへのリンク
