2017年税制改革法 (アメリカ)とは? わかりやすく解説

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2017年税制改革法 (アメリカ)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 (2023/10/06 20:56 UTC 版)

2017年税制改革法は2017年12月に成立したアメリカ合衆国の税制を変更する法律。正式名称は公法no. 115-97 「Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018[1][2]で、元々は議会に「減税・雇用法」 (Tax Cuts and Jobs ActTCJA)として提出された。1986年内国歳入法を修正した同法は議会共和党とトランプ政権が提唱された税制改革をベースとしている。法律の主要な要素として、以下に挙げる企業と個人の税率引き下げが含まれている。標準控除と家族税額控除を増加させることで個人税を簡素化したが、人的控除の撤廃と項目別控除の恩恵を少なくした。州・地方の所得税と固定資産税の控除を制限し更に住宅ローン金利控除も制限する。個人向けの代替ミニマム税(AMT)を削減し、法人向けAMTは撤廃した。遺産税の課税対象となる財産価格の引き上げ及び患者保護並びに医療費負担適正化法(ACA、通称オバマケア)の個人加入義務を撤廃する[3]


注記

  1. ^ 2017年10月21日のティム・マーフィーの辞職後下院には空席が一つ存在する
  2. ^ 2017年10月21日にティム・マーフィー、2017年12月5日にジョン・コンヤーズ、2017年12月8日にトレント・フランクスがそれぞれ辞職したことで下院には空席が三席存在する

脚注

  1. ^ "H.R.1 - An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018." Congress.gov. December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
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  3. ^ a b c CBO-Reconciliation Recommendations of the Senate Committee on Finance-November 26, 2017
  4. ^ a b c d e CBO-Cost Estimate for the Conference Agreement on H.R. 1-December 15, 2017
  5. ^ a b c d Joint Committee on Taxation-Macroeconomic analysis of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act-November 30,2017
  6. ^ a b c d e f g CBO Distributional Effects of Changes in Taxes and Spending Under the Conference Agreement for H.R.1-December 21, 2017
  7. ^ a b Tax Policy Center-Benjamin Page-Effects of Tax Policy, Growth versus Levels-December 14, 2017
  8. ^ a b c Joint Committee on Taxation-JCX-58-17-Distribution Effects of TCJA as of Nov 15, 2017-Nov 16, 2017
  9. ^ a b c d Tax Policy Center-Analysis of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Conference Agreement)-December 18, 2017
  10. ^ a b c d VOX-Dylan Matthews-Republican Tax Plan leaves $1.5 trillion bill for the middle class to pay-December 8, 2017
  11. ^ a b c d Vox-Sarah Kliff-Senate Tax Bill is Sweeping change to every part of federal health care-November 29, 2017
  12. ^ CBO-Repealing the Individual Health Insurance Mandate: An Updated Estimate-November 8, 2017
  13. ^ a b CRFB-House Passes Historic Debt Increase-November 16, 2017
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  127. ^ Rayner, Gordon. “Philip Hammond sides with EU to demand Donald Trump drops tax reforms that risk trade war”. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/11/philip-hammond-sides-eu-demand-donald-trump-drops-tax-reforms/ 2017年12月23日閲覧。 
  128. ^ Deen, Mark. “Europeans Tell Mnuchin the GOP Tax Plan May Break Treaties, Hurt Trade”. Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-11/europeans-tell-mnuchin-u-s-tax-plan-may-break-treaties-trade 2017年12月23日閲覧。 
  129. ^ Yurou, Xinhua. “U.S. tax reform poses threat to German jobs, investment, say leading economists”. Xinhuanet.com. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/21/c_136841275.htm 2017年12月23日閲覧。 
  130. ^ Monthly Harvard-Harris Poll: January 2018 Re-Field”. Harvard–Harris Poll (2018年1月20日). 2018年3月7日閲覧。
  131. ^ Eckert, Toby (2018年1月17日). “GOP tax plan fails to crack a majority in new poll”. Morning Consult. Politico. 2018年3月7日閲覧。
  132. ^ Poll Finds Upturn in Sentiment on Tax Overhaul and Economy”. SurveyMonkey. The New York Times (2018年1月16日). 2018年3月7日閲覧。
  133. ^ The Economist/YouGov Poll”. YouGov (2018年1月2日). 2018年1月4日閲覧。
  134. ^ December National Survey Results” (2017年12月19日). 2018年3月7日閲覧。
  135. ^ Poll: Voters split on GOP tax bill”. Politico (2017年12月19日). 2018年3月7日閲覧。
  136. ^ CNN December 2017”. CNN (2017年12月19日). 2017年12月19日閲覧。
  137. ^ Study #17505”. NBC News. 2017年12月20日閲覧。
  138. ^ Republican poll shows political challenges, possible benefits, of passing tax bill”. The Washington Examiner (2017年12月18日). 2017年12月19日閲覧。
  139. ^ Half The Public Say Their Taxes Will Go Up Under GOP Plan”. West Long Branch: Monmouth University (2017年12月18日). 2017年12月19日閲覧。
  140. ^ Support for GOP Tax Plan Could Hurt Candidates, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; U.S. Voters Say 7-1 DACA Immigrants Should Stay”. Quinnipiac University (2017年12月13日). 2017年12月14日閲覧。
  141. ^ Poll: Most Americans doubt GOP bill will cut their taxes or boost the economy”. USA Today (2017年12月10日). 2017年12月12日閲覧。
  142. ^ Why the GOP tax bill is so unpopular”. Vice News (2017年12月13日). 2017年12月14日閲覧。
  143. ^ Nearly half of Americans still oppose Republican tax bill: Reuters/Ipsos poll”. Reuters (2017年12月11日). 2017年12月12日閲覧。
  144. ^ CBS News poll: Americans say tax plan helps wealthy, not middle class”. CBS News (2017年12月7日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  145. ^ Independents, Democrats Not on Board With GOP Tax Plan”. Gallup (2017年12月5日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  146. ^ GOP Tax Plan Benefits Rich, U.S. Voters Say Almost 3-1, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Trump Job Approval Stuck at 35 Percent”. Quinnipiac University (2017年12月5日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  147. ^ Nearly half of Americans oppose Republican tax bill: Reuters/Ipsos poll”. Reuters (2017年11月29日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  148. ^ Monthly Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll: November 2017”. Harvard–Harris Poll (2017年11月15日). 2017年12月13日閲覧。
  149. ^ Poll: Voters think Trump will benefit from tax plan”. Politico (2017年11月15日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  150. ^ Latest Massacre Drives Gun Control Support to New High, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; Voters Reject GOP Tax Plan 2-1”. Quinnipiac University (2017年11月15日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  151. ^ The Economist/YouGov Poll”. YouGov (2017年11月8日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  152. ^ Poll: Support for GOP tax plan ticks down but remains positive”. Politico (2017年11月9日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  153. ^ CNN November 2017”. CNN (2017年11月7日). 2017年12月19日閲覧。
  154. ^ Republicans' tax overhaul pitch faces skeptical public, Post-ABC poll finds”. The Washington Post (2017年11月3日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  155. ^ Poll: Voters like tax reform overall but cool to corporate cut”. Politico (2017年11月1日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  156. ^ Fewer than a third of Americans back Trump tax plan: Reuters/Ipsos poll”. Reuters (2017年10月24日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  157. ^ CNN October 2017”. CNN (2017年10月18日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  158. ^ Poll: 48 percent approve of Trump's tax proposal”. Politico (2017年10月4日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  159. ^ Two-thirds say large corporations pay too little in federal taxes (POLL)”. ABC News (2017年9月26日). 2017年12月8日閲覧。
  160. ^ a b Hughes, Siobhan (2017年11月9日). “House Ways and Means Committee Approves GOP Tax Bill”. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/tax-bill-2017/card/1510259324 
  161. ^ a b c d “$1.5 Trillion Tax Cut Passed by House in Mostly Party-Line Vote”. The New York Times. (2017年11月16日). https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/us/politics/tax-bill-house-vote.html 
  162. ^ a b House Passes Historic Debt Increase (press release), House Passes Historic Debt Increase (November 16, 2017).
  163. ^ a b Faler, Brian (2017年11月16日). “Senate Finance Committee approves GOP tax reform plan”. Politico. https://www.politico.com/story/2017/11/16/senate-tax-bill-committee-246537 
  164. ^ a b Seung Min Kim, Colin Wilhelm and Bernie Becker, Senate GOP gets breathing room as tax plan advances, Politico (November 28, 2017).
  165. ^ “Senate passes huge tax cuts after last-minute changes; conference with House next” (英語). USA TODAY. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/12/01/senate-passes-huge-tax-cuts-after-last-minute-changes-conference-house-next/914701001/ 2017年12月2日閲覧。 
  166. ^ 9 Sticking Points The House And Senate Have To Work Out In Their Tax Bills
  167. ^ Rappeport, Alan (2017年11月16日). “The House and Senate Still Have Very Different Tax Bills. Here's How They Compare.”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/us/politics/the-house-and-senate-still-have-very-different-tax-bills.html 
  168. ^ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Goodstein, Laurie (2017年11月26日). “In Tax Debate, Gift to Religious Right Could Be Bargaining Chip”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/26/us/politics/johnson-amendment-churches-taxes-politics.html 
  169. ^ Heather Long, In small win for Democrats, the final tax bill will not include a provision allowing churches to endorse political candidates, Washington Post (December 14, 2017).
  170. ^ Joint Committee on Taxation-Estimated Revenue Effects of Modifications-JCX-62-17-December 2, 2017
  171. ^ The Hill-Naomi Jagoda-Republicans unveil final version of tax bill-December 15, 2017
  172. ^ “Republicans roll out their long-awaited tax reform plan”. cleveland.com. http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2017/11/republicans_finally_unveil_the.html 2017年11月3日閲覧。 
  173. ^ “Kevin McCarthy guarantees middle class tax cut under House GOP plan”. The Washington Examiner. (2017年11月5日). http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/kevin-mccarthy-guarantees-middle-class-tax-cut-under-house-gop-plan/article/2639691 
  174. ^ Rappeport, Alan; Kaplan, Thomas (2017年11月15日). “Tax Bill Thrown Into Uncertainty as First G.O.P. Senator Comes Out Against It”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/us/politics/senate-house-tax-cut.html 
  175. ^ Shepherd, Michael (2017年12月2日). “Susan Collins says she supports Senate GOP's tax bill”. Bangor Daily News. https://bangordailynews.com/2017/12/01/politics/susan-collins-says-three-of-her-amendments-are-in-senate-gops-tax-bill/ 
  176. ^ Jacob Pramuk, Ron Johnson and Steve Daines, two of the last Senate GOP holdouts, will back tax bill after pass-through tweak, CNBC (December 1, 2017).
  177. ^ “Senate passes tax reform bill: Here's how it affects you”. Fox News. (2017年12月2日). http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/12/02/senate-passes-major-tax-reform-package.html 
  178. ^ a b Vinik, Danny (2017年11月2日). “Simpler taxes under the GOP plan? Don't count on it.”. Politico. https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2017/11/02/trump-republican-tax-plan-not-simple-000569 
  179. ^ Tankersley, Jim (2017年10月29日). “Democrats Attack Tax Bill as a 'Middle-Class Con Job'”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/29/us/politics/democrats-tax-reform-middle-class.html 
  180. ^ DeBonis, Mike; Paletta, Damian (2017年11月2日). “Public will turn against GOP tax bill, Schumer predicts: 'The more it's in sunlight, the more it stinks'”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/11/02/public-will-turn-against-gop-tax-bill-schumer-predicts-the-more-its-in-sunlight-the-more-it-stinks/ 2017年11月3日閲覧。 
  181. ^ “Transcript”. At This Hour (CNN). (2017年11月2日). http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1711/02/ath.01.html 
  182. ^ Sam Petulla, Sean O'Key and Hannah Lang, The House Republicans who voted 'no' on tax reform, CNN (November 16, 2017).
  183. ^ Mankiw, N. Gregory (2017年11月3日). “How to Improve the Trump Tax Plan”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/03/business/how-to-improve-the-trump-tax-plan.html 2017年11月17日閲覧。 
  184. ^ “Most Economists Agree: Trump Tax Plan Will Widen Budget Deficit”. Bloomberg.com. (2017年9月28日). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-28/most-economists-agree-trump-tax-plan-will-widen-budget-deficit 2017年11月17日閲覧。 
  185. ^ Soergel, Andrew (2017年9月29日). “Would a Trump Tax Cut Boost Economic Growth?”. U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/news/economy/articles/2017-09-29/would-a-trump-tax-cut-boost-economic-growth 
  186. ^ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2017年10月4日). “Déjà Voodoo by Joseph E. Stiglitz - Project Syndicate” (英語). Project Syndicate. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/republican-tax-reform-voodoo-economics-by-joseph-e--stiglitz-2017-10 2017年11月17日閲覧。 
  187. ^ Krugman, Paul (2017年11月16日). “Opinion | Everybody Hates the Trump Tax Plan”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/16/opinion/trump-tax-plan-hate.html 2017年11月17日閲覧。 
  188. ^ “Nobel Winner Thaler Takes a Jab at Trump”. Bloomberg.com. (2017年10月10日). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-10/nobel-economist-takes-a-jab-at-trump-s-confidence-knowledge 2017年11月17日閲覧。 
  189. ^ “Nobel winning economist says Trump's plans aggravate income inequality” (英語). Newsweek. (2017年5月13日). http://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-economy-trump-budget-trump-tax-plan-nobel-winner-angus-deaton-608807 2017年11月17日閲覧。 
  190. ^ reform, The RATE Coalition, a group of businesses calling for tax (2017年11月29日). “137 economists sign open letter to Congress supporting GOP tax reform bill”. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/29/137-economists-support-gop-tax-reform-bill-in-open-letter-commentary.html 2017年12月2日閲覧。 
  191. ^ Pennyfarthing, Aldous J (2017年12月1日). “How did Trump find 137 economists who support his tax plan?”. DailyKos. DailyKos. https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2017/12/1/1720286/-How-did-Trump-find-137-economists-who-support-his-tax-plan 
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  193. ^ “Economists Seem to Back Off Growth Claim for Tax Cuts” (英語). Bloomberg Quint. https://www.bloombergquint.com/global-economics/2017/12/01/economists-seem-to-back-off-economic-growth-claim-for-tax-cuts 2017年12月10日閲覧。 
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  195. ^ Changes to House tax bill on child care benefits, credits”. Associated Press. 2017年11月10日閲覧。
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